Oracle数据库集群和分区技术教案.pptx

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1、会计学1Oracle数据库集群和分区技术数据库集群和分区技术讲座议题讲座议题为什么要使用为什么要使用 Oracle RAC Oracle RAC 数据库数据库 RAC 的硬、软件体系架构的硬、软件体系架构 RAC 的工作原理和的工作原理和Cache Fusion 均衡负载和高可用性均衡负载和高可用性n Transparent Application Transparent Application FailoverFailover第1页/共68页为什么要使用为什么要使用 Oracle RAC 数据库数据库?稳定的、稳定的、稳定的、稳定的、24*724*7的高可靠性系统的高可靠性系统的高可靠性系统

2、的高可靠性系统 均衡负载和强大的处理能力均衡负载和强大的处理能力均衡负载和强大的处理能力均衡负载和强大的处理能力 灵活开放的扩展能力灵活开放的扩展能力灵活开放的扩展能力灵活开放的扩展能力 随用随付、降低采购和维护成本随用随付、降低采购和维护成本随用随付、降低采购和维护成本随用随付、降低采购和维护成本第2页/共68页采用集群数据库技术采用集群数据库技术n nTrans-Pacific FlightTrans-Pacific FlightRock ConcertThis:Or this:This:Or this:第3页/共68页Computer BComputer BComputer BCompu

3、ter AComputer AComputer A操作系统级的操作系统级的操作系统级的操作系统级的HAHA主备机模式主备机模式主备机模式主备机模式高可用性：主机运行，备机等待主机故障、备机接管接管磁盘阵列控制IP地址自动漂移重新在备机启动数据库重新连接应用程序实施简单缺点：切换间存在停顿备机空闲第4页/共68页提供提供提供提供24*7 24*7 的安全可靠性的安全可靠性的安全可靠性的安全可靠性 透明的应用程序故障切换、消除单点故障透明的应用程序故障切换、消除单点故障 应用程序和用户连接在故障发生时，可以自动透明应用程序和用户连接在故障发生时，可以自动透明地连接到其它的服务器上地连接到其它的服务

4、器上 应用程序和查询不会中断，用户感觉不到故障的发应用程序和查询不会中断，用户感觉不到故障的发生生 安全认证信息可持续保留安全认证信息可持续保留ComputerComputerA AComputerComputerB BComputerComputerA AComputerComputerB BNode A in acluster fails,users are migrated第5页/共68页“冷冷”故障接管的限故障接管的限制制n n冷接管速度慢冷接管速度慢n n移动硬盘卷、移动硬盘卷、mount mount 上逻辑上逻辑卷、启动卷、启动 Oracle Oracle 实例，打开实例，打开数据

5、文件数据文件n n不能够预先连接到备份不能够预先连接到备份 Server Server 上上n n出现故障后，所有的会话都出现故障后，所有的会话都必须重新连接到数据库实例必须重新连接到数据库实例上上n n冷的数据库缓存冷的数据库缓存n n接管后数据库的缓存是接管后数据库的缓存是“冷冷”的，减低数据库的性能的，减低数据库的性能n n不能够很容易的扩展不能够很容易的扩展第6页/共68页Oracle10g RAC 128节点的网格数据库第7页/共68页自动动态负载均衡实现可伸缩性自动动态负载均衡实现可伸缩性自动动态负载均衡实现可伸缩性自动动态负载均衡实现可伸缩性l l数据库启动时，向监听进程注册数据

6、库启动时，向监听进程注册l l节点向监听进程报告节点向监听进程报告 CPU CPU 的使用情况的使用情况l l当建立连接时，监听进程选择最空闲的节点处理请求当建立连接时，监听进程选择最空闲的节点处理请求NodeDispatchersNodeDispatchersListenerListenerCPU LoadCPU Load第8页/共68页灵活的可伸缩性和强大的处理能力灵活的可伸缩性和强大的处理能力灵活的可伸缩性和强大的处理能力灵活的可伸缩性和强大的处理能力第9页/共68页讲座议题讲座议题为什么要使用为什么要使用 Oracle RAC Oracle RAC 数据库数据库 RAC 的硬、软件体系

7、架构的硬、软件体系架构 RAC 的工作原理和的工作原理和Cache Fusion 均衡负载和高可用性均衡负载和高可用性n Transparent Application Transparent Application FailoverFailover第10页/共68页Oracle RACOracle RAC集群数据库技术硬件结构集群数据库技术硬件结构集群数据库技术硬件结构集群数据库技术硬件结构ClusteredDatabase InstancesMirrored Disk SubsystemHigh Speed Switch or InterconnectHub or Switch Fabri

8、cApplication Servers/NetworkCentralized Management ConsoleStorage Area NetworkLow Latency InterconnectDrive and Exploit Industry Advances in ClusteringUsersNo SinglePoint Of FailureShared CacheScalable&throughput第11页/共68页Cluster 硬件结构硬件结构n n节点节点 (Node)(Node)n n内部连接内部连接 (Interconnect)Interconnect)n n共

9、享磁盘共享磁盘 (Shared disk)Shared disk)第12页/共68页节点节点(Nodes)n n自包容的服务器，单自包容的服务器，单 CPU CPU 或者多或者多 CPU CPU 系统系统 (SMP/NUMA)SMP/NUMA)n n一个集群需要两个或者更多一个集群需要两个或者更多的节点的节点n n每个节点支持一个每个节点支持一个 RAC RAC InstanceInstancen n每个节点可以支每个节点可以支持不同类型的应持不同类型的应用用n n每个节点不要求每个节点不要求配置完全相同，配置完全相同，但建议同配置但建议同配置n n节点可以动态的节点可以动态的添加和删除添加和

10、删除Node第13页/共68页内部连接内部连接(Interconnect)n n连接节点之间，节点间通讯连接节点之间，节点间通讯的高速通道的高速通道n n可以使用标准的网络协议，可以使用标准的网络协议，如：如：TCP/IPTCP/IPn n使用高速的连接协议使用高速的连接协议 (high(high speed interconnects)speed interconnects)可以获得可以获得更好的性能更好的性能n nUDPUDPn nVIAVIAn n厂商专有的，经厂商专有的，经过验证的协议过验证的协议第14页/共68页网络配置Cluster InterconnectPublic LANOp

11、tionalCluster InterconnectPublic LANWorkstationNODE2NODE3NODE1Optional 每个节点需三个IP地址一个公共服务地址(提供客户访问)一个私有的内部地址(仅内部使用)一个虚拟IP地址(与公共服务地址同一网段)第15页/共68页共享磁盘系统共享磁盘系统(Shared Disk)n n共享磁盘上的共享的设备共享磁盘上的共享的设备 n n传统上的传统上的n n裸设备卷裸设备卷 (UNIX)UNIX)n n逻辑盘逻辑盘 (Windows)Windows)n nOracle OCFSOracle OCFS，ASMASMn n集群文件系统集群文

12、件系统n n厂商专有的，厂商专有的，经过验证的经过验证的系统，如系统，如VeritasVeritas，GPFSGPFS共享磁盘系统第16页/共68页Oracle9i RAC Architecturepublic networkoperating SystemclusterwareOracle 9i RACinstance 1server 1shared storageredo log instance 1 redo log instance 3 control filesdatabase filesclusterinterconnectcache to cacheDB cacheserver

13、2operating systemclusterwareOracle 9i RACinstance 2DB cachesrvcfg/var/opt/oracle/srvConfig.locquorumServer 3,4,.第17页/共68页Oracle 10g RAC Architecturepublic networkoperating SystemCRSOracle 10g RACinstance 1server 1shared storageredo log instance 1 redo log instance 3 control filesdatabase filesserver

14、 2operating systemCRSOracle 10g RACInstance 2clusterinterconnectcache to cacheDB cacheDB cacheocr/var/opt/oracle/ocr.locvoting/var/opt/oracle/ocr.locServer 3,4,.第18页/共68页Oracle RAC 系统管理系统管理工具工具n nThe Server Control Utility The Server Control Utility(SRVCTL)(SRVCTL)n n管理整个管理整个 Cluster Cluster 环境环境 n

15、n为其他管理工为其他管理工具提供对具提供对 RAC RAC 的管理的管理n n基于基于 GSD GSD 基础基础之上之上Node 2GSDSRVCTLAgentNode 1GSDSRVCTLAgent第19页/共68页讲座议题讲座议题为什么要使用为什么要使用 Oracle RAC Oracle RAC 数据库数据库 RAC 的硬、软件体系架构的硬、软件体系架构 RAC 的工作原理和的工作原理和Cache Fusion 均衡负载和高可用性均衡负载和高可用性n Transparent Application Transparent Application FailoverFailover第20页/

16、共68页Scaleup and SpeedupOriginal systemHard-ware100%of taskTimeCluster system scaleupup to 200%oftaskup to 300%oftaskHard-wareTimeHard-wareTimeHard-wareTime50%of taskCluster system speedupHard-wareTimeHard-wareTime50%of task第21页/共68页Speedup and Scaleup for Different Types of WorkloadsWorkloadOLTP and

17、 InternetDSS with parallel queryBatch(mixed)SpeedupNoYesPossibleScaleupYesYesYes第22页/共68页Cache FusionCache Fusion 提供提供 Oracle 集集群数据库透明的可扩展性群数据库透明的可扩展性Cash Fusion 机制使机制使 Oracle Instance 间可以直接传递数间可以直接传递数据块据块Cache Fusion 能够跟踪资源能够跟踪资源的位置和状态的位置和状态Global Cache Service 管理整管理整个集群数据库的缓存资源个集群数据库的缓存资源Resource

18、Master(Global Resource Directory)分布在分布在活动的活动的 Instance 中，并可以中，并可以动态的动态的 remaster第23页/共68页Cache FusionTM 体系结构在节点A对数据进行了修改并提交，在节点B对同一数据块进行读操作，可通过高速链路访问多版本数据缓存支持节点A继续对数据块进行修改DatabaseNode ADatabase buffersNode BDatabase buffers两节点间的数据传输直接通过内部高速通道实现，大大减少了硬盘I/O数据传输Select第24页/共68页Cache FusionTM 提高了效率20 mse

19、c.01 msec100 msec本地内存的数据远程节点的数据 硬盘上的数据1 msec100100 x xOracle8Oracle8Oracle9Oracle9i i第25页/共68页Global Resource DirectoryExampleInstance ANode 1Global ResourcesID20232629Grantedto InstanceA,B,CA,BCB,CInstance BNode 2Global ResourcesID21242730Grantedto InstanceBA,CA,B,CB,CInstance CNode 3Global Resourc

20、esID22252831Grantedto InstanceA,CCA,B,CB,C第26页/共68页全局缓存服务资源模式全局缓存服务资源模式n n缓存资源采用以下三种模式缓存资源采用以下三种模式之一之一:n nNULL NULL n nShared(S)Shared(S)n nExclusive(X)Exclusive(X)第27页/共68页缓存融合举例缓存融合举例n第28页/共68页Cache Fusion Block Transfers:Example OverviewInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance B第2

21、9页/共68页Example 1:Read with No TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BRequest toobtain a shared resource on CN1第30页/共68页Example 1:Read with No TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BThe request is granted and the requesting instance is informedNS1

22、2第31页/共68页Example 1:Read with No TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BSRead request132第32页/共68页Example 1:Read with No TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BSBlock imagedelivered10081234第33页/共68页Example 2:Read to Write TransferInstance A1008Ins

23、tance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BRequest to obtain an exclusive resource on BS1008N1第34页/共68页Example 2:Read to Write TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BInstruction to transferthe block to B for exclusive accessS1008N21第35页/共68页Example 2:Read to Write TransferIn

24、stance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BBlock and resource status(including Cs plan to close its resource)SN1008N1008213第36页/共68页Example 2:Read to Write TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BResource assumptionand status messageN1008NX10092134第37页/共68页Exam

25、ple 3:Write to Write TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BNX1009Request to obtain resource inexclusive mode1第38页/共68页Example 3:Write to Write TransferInstance A1008Instance CInstance BNX1009Instruction to transferexclusive resource to B12Instance DResourcemaster第39页/共68页

26、Example 3:Write to Write TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BNXN10091009Exclusive-keep copy of buffer123第40页/共68页Example 3:Write to Write TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BNX10091013N1234第41页/共68页Example 4:Write to Read TransferInstance A

27、1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BX10091013NNRequest to obtainresource in shared mode1第42页/共68页Example 4:Write to Read TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BX10091013NNInstruction to transfer shared resource to C12第43页/共68页Example 4:Write to Read TransferIns

28、tance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BXS10091013NN1013Shared-keep copy of buffer321第44页/共68页Example 4:Write to Read TransferInstance A1008Instance DResourcemasterInstance CInstance BS10091013NNSResource assumptioninformation10132341第45页/共68页讲座议题讲座议题为什么要使用为什么要使用 Oracle RAC Oracle RAC

29、 数据库数据库 RAC 的硬、软件体系架构的硬、软件体系架构 RAC 的工作原理和的工作原理和Cache Fusion 均衡负载和高可用性均衡负载和高可用性n Transparent Application Transparent Application FailoverFailover第46页/共68页Load Balancing with Oracle Net ServicesInstancesDatabaseListenersClients第47页/共68页Client Load BalancingClientsListeners(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(L

30、OAD_BALANCE=on)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales1)(PORT=1521)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2)(PORT=1521)(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=第48页/共68页Connection Load Balancingnode1_lsnr=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1580)node2_lsnr=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRES

31、S=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node2)(PORT=1580)Parameter file on node1local_listener=node1_lsnrremote_listener=node2_lsnr第49页/共68页Connection Load BalancingNodes(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(LOAD_BALANCE=on)(ADDRESS=.)(ADDRESS=.)(ADDRESS=.)(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=(SERVER=shared)Dispatchers第50页/共68页Service

32、and Instance Names(DESCRIPTION=(LOAD_BALANCE=ON)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=host1)(PORT=1521)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=host2)(PORT=1521)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=host3)(PORT=1521)(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=host1)(PORT=1521)(CONNECT_DATA=(INSTANCE_NAME=S1)第51页/共68页Adaptive Paral

33、lel QueryQuerycoordinatorParallel queryexecutionQuery processeshave node affinity for query coordinatorbut will use other nodes if neededNode 2Node 3Node 1第52页/共68页Listenersn nMultiple listeners enableMultiple listeners enablen nClient load balancingClient load balancingn nConnect-time failoverConne

34、ct-time failovern nTransparent Transparent Application Failover Application Failover(TAF)(TAF)ClientsCluster nodesListeners第53页/共68页Virtual IP Addresses and RAC第54页/共68页Primary and Secondary InstancesClientsNodesListeners.*.active_instance_count=1*.cluster_database_instances=2sales1.instance_name=sa

35、les1sales2.instance_name=sales2.Primary instance:first one tostartSecondary instance:second one to start;can become primary if other instance fails 第55页/共68页ExampleRAC1=(DESCRIPTION=(LOAD_BALANCE=OFF)(FAILOVER=ON)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=aaacme1)(PORT=1521)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=aaacme2)(P

36、ORT=1521)(INSTANCE_ROLE=PRIMARY)(SERVER=DEDICATED)(FAILOVER_MODE=(BACKUP=RAC2)(TYPE=SESSION)(METHOD=PRECONNECT)(RETRIES=180)(DELAY=5)第56页/共68页ExampleRAC2=(DESCRIPTION=(LOAD_BALANCE=OFF)(FAILOVER=ON)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=aaacme2)(PORT=1521)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=aaacme1)(PORT=1521)(INSTA

37、NCE_ROLE=SECONDARY)(SERVER=DEDICATED)(FAILOVER_MODE=(BACKUP=RAC1)(TYPE=SESSION)(METHOD=PRECONNECT)(RETRIES=180)(DELAY=5)第57页/共68页TAF in Real Application Clustersn nCan be used with spare nodes or Can be used with spare nodes or with primary/secondary instance with primary/secondary instance configur

38、ationsconfigurationsn nDesigned for this environment,Designed for this environment,but can be used for but can be used for n nReal Application Clusters GuardReal Application Clusters Guardn nReplicated systemsReplicated systemsn nData GuardData Guard第58页/共68页TAF Failover Mode Optionsn nMust add fail

39、over options Must add failover options manually to TNS configuration manually to TNS configuration filesfilesn nThey are part of the They are part of the CONNECT_DATACONNECT_DATA section of a section of a connect descriptorconnect descriptorn nFailover options includeFailover options includen nTYPET

40、YPE:Identify the nature of:Identify the nature of TAF,if anyTAF,if anyn nMETHODMETHOD:Configure how quickly:Configure how quickly failover can occurfailover can occurn nBACKUPBACKUP:Identify an alternate net:Identify an alternate net service nameservice namen nRETRIESRETRIES:Limit the number of:Limi

41、t the number of times a reconnection will be times a reconnection will be attemptedattemptedn nDELAYDELAY:Specify how long to wait:Specify how long to wait between reconnection attempts between reconnection attempts 第59页/共68页n nFailover types identify the nature of TAF,if anyFailover types identify

42、the nature of TAF,if anyn nThe options are:The options are:n nSESSIONSESSION:Failover to an alternate session only:Failover to an alternate session onlyn nSELECTSELECT:Failover and continue with any ongoing query:Failover and continue with any ongoing queryn nNONENONE:Prevent failover:Prevent failov

43、erFailover Types.(CONNECT_DATA=(FAILOVER_MODE=(TYPE=SELECT).第60页/共68页Failover Methodsn nDetermine how quickly Determine how quickly connections become available connections become available following a failoverfollowing a failovern nBASICBASIC:Establishes no contact:Establishes no contact with the f

44、ailover instance prior to with the failover instance prior to failurefailuren nPRECONNECTPRECONNECT:Creates mirror:Creates mirror connections on the standby connections on the standby instance for the connections on instance for the connections on the primary instancethe primary instance.(CONNECT_DA

45、TA=(FAILOVER_MODE=(METHOD=PRECONNECT).第61页/共68页Failover Backup Servicen nSpecifies the net service name Specifies the net service name where failed connections will be where failed connections will be directeddirectedn nAllows you to identify a specific Allows you to identify a specific backup insta

46、nce connect backup instance connect descriptor for each primary descriptor for each primary instanceinstancen nUse with the Use with the PRECONNECTPRECONNECT method to identify the service to method to identify the service to initiate your failover initiate your failover preconnectionspreconnections

47、.(CONNECT_DATA=.第62页/共68页Failover Connection Reattempt Optionsn nRETRIESRETRIES:The number of:The number of times to attempt to connect after times to attempt to connect after a failovera failovern nDELAYDELAY:The amount of time in:The amount of time in seconds to wait between seconds to wait betwee

48、n connection attemptsconnection attemptsn nSet the values based on your Set the values based on your failover strategy and test resultsfailover strategy and test results.(CONNECT_DATA=(RETRIES=20)(DELAY=15).第63页/共68页TAF Configuration Examplen nHH=HH=n n (DESCRIPTION=(DESCRIPTION=n n (ADDRESS_LIST=(A

49、DDRESS_LIST=n n (LOAD_BALANCE=yes)(LOAD_BALANCE=yes)n n (FAILOVER=true)(FAILOVER=true)n n )n n (CONNECT_DATA=(CONNECT_DATA=n n (SERVICE_NAME=hh)(SERVICE_NAME=hh)n n (failover_mode=(failover_mode=n n (type=select)(type=select)n n (method=basic)(method=basic)n n (retries=20)(retries=20)n n (delay=15)(

50、delay=15)n n )n n )n n )第64页/共68页Oracle Call Interfacen nTAF TAF 支持的程序接口：支持的程序接口：支持的程序接口：支持的程序接口：n nOCI programsOCI programsn nJava JDBC thick drivers Java JDBC thick drivers(OCI drivers)(OCI drivers)n nODBC connectionsODBC connectionsn nSQL*PlusSQL*Plusn nSelect statementsSelect statements第65页/共68页