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1、英译汉翻译的程序1.对原文准确断句,分清原文结构2.选择句型进行翻译 关键是确定译文主语第1页/共16页英语的物称倾向英语的一个特点就是物称倾向,即,喜欢用抽象概念、无生命的事物和不能主动发出动作的词语作为句子的主语。英语的主语经常不是人,汉语主语多用人。英语和汉语的动词均可分为有灵动词和无灵动词。前者用在表示有生命的名词后,后者用在表示无生命的名词后。含有灵动词的句子称作有生命主语句,含无灵动词的句子称作无生命主语句。第2页/共16页She smiled.(普通表达)There is a smile on her face.(静态表达法)A smile warmed her face.(无生
2、命主语句)第3页/共16页有灵动词与无灵动词在英语中无有明确的区别,即一个动词常常是既可用作有灵动词、又可用作无灵动词。(1)One reliable source said that major tax changes were being considered by the Treasury.据可靠消息,财政部正在考虑对税收办法作重大改革。(2)John said that he would come this evening.约翰说他今晚来。第4页/共16页翻译技巧:能直译则直译The matter asks immediate attention.这件事需要立即予以注意。The min
3、utes slipped by quickly.时间一分钟一分钟地溜过去了。第5页/共16页如果直译不通呢?The courage escaped from me at the moment.那一刻我突然失去了勇气。Her name escaped me.我记不起她的名字了。A lot of troubles visited the poor family.这个贫困的家庭遇到不少麻烦。第6页/共16页翻译技巧:找到逻辑主语做译文主语The very sight of it makes me feel nervous.一见到它,我就感到紧张。Astonishment,apprehension,a
4、nd even horror oppressed her.她感到心情抑郁,甚至惊恐不安。Her heart did whisper that he had done it for her.她的确在心里嘀咕:他是为了我才这么做的。第7页/共16页重组句子:找出合适的动作执行者作为汉语句子的主语 Anger choked his words.他气得话也说不出来。Her eyes tell me that something must have happened.我从她的眼中看出一定有什么事发生了。第8页/共16页重组句子:找出合适的动作执行者作为汉语句子的主语His weariness and t
5、he increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.他疲惫不堪,天气也越来越热。他于是下了决心,一碰到舒适的阴凉处,就坐下休息。第9页/共16页拆分:转化成汉语复句 英语有些无生命主语句,从语法上看是简单句,但却含有并列句和复合句的内容。要采用拆分等手段,以便把逻辑关系和时间顺序逐层表达出来。拆译前可增加一些连词(如“因为”、“所以”、“如果”、“虽然”、等)This medicine will make you feel better.吃了药你就会舒服些。第10页/共16页拆分:转化成汉语复句
6、The bitter weather had driven everyone indoors.由于天气寒冷刺骨,人人都已躲进了室内。A second term would give the President more power than was safe for republican institution.如果总统竟然连任,就会使总统权利太大而足以威胁共和制度的安全。第11页/共16页转化成汉语复句Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion.经过调查,我们得出了上述结论。Dawn met him well along the way.
7、It was a pleasant uneventful ride.东方欲晓的时候,他已走了一大段路了,这次骑马旅行是很愉快的,没有碰到意外事件。第12页/共16页运用使役句式 His illness left him weak.疾病使他虚弱。Continuous rain prevented us from taking any outdoor exercise.阴雨连绵,使我们不能做任何室外运动。第13页/共16页练习:Such seminars will certainly find a eager audience with college students.大学生们将肯定愿意参加这样的讲座。第14页/共16页Speculative demand for a currency is generated by the confidence speculators have in that currency vis-vis other world currencies.对一种货币的投机性需求是由投机者对那种货币持有的相对于其他世界货币的信心造成的。投机者若对某种货币有信心,则对这种货币的投机性需求将增加。第15页/共16页感谢您的观看!第16页/共16页
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