被动语态讲解07446.pptx

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1、ThepassivevoiceThepassivevoice被动语态被动语态被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由被动语态由被动语态由被动语态由be+be+过去分词

2、构成，时态通过过去分词构成，时态通过过去分词构成，时态通过过去分词构成，时态通过bebe表现出来表现出来表现出来表现出来。第1页/共66页 各种句型的被动形式各种句型的被动形式肯定句肯定句 主语主语+be+be+过去分词过去分词+（by by）否定句否定句 主语主语+be not+be not+过去分词过去分词+（by by）一般疑问句一般疑问句 Be+Be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?+(by)?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 疑问词疑问词+be+be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词 +（by by）？注意：注意：这里be的形式决定了被动语态的时态，其后的过去分词没有变化。重点内容重点内容第2页

3、/共66页主动句与被动句之间的转换Weboughtsomebooks.主语+谓语动词过去式的主动语态+宾语Somebookswerebought(byus)主语+谓语动词过去式的被动语态+介词+宾语 第3页/共66页将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句：1)Zheng Jie invented this special pen.变被动变被动句句 2)The bike was fixed up by Jimmy.变主动句变主动句3)People use sunglasses to protect their eyes.4)Teachers allow students to put

4、up hands in class.This special pen was invented Zheng Jie.Jimmy fixed up the bikeSunglasses are used(by people)to protect eyes.Students are allowed(by teachers)to put up hands in class.第4页/共66页1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is

5、/are +过去分词过去分词第5页/共66页TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.第6页/共

6、66页2.TheyboughttencomputerslasttermTencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词第7页/共66页Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little

7、 brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.第8页/共66页3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词第9页/共66页Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesome

8、photosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.A sports meeting will be held by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.第10页/共66页4AmycantakegoodcareofGinaGinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：

9、情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词第11页/共66页1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.第1

10、2页/共66页Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.1English is spoken by many people.2Knives are used by people for cutting things.3The box can be used by us as a table.4The classroo

11、m should be cleaned by us every day.5The bike will be repaired by her tomorrow.第13页/共66页SomeworkersarepaintingtheroomsnowTheroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词第14页/共66页WehavemadetwentymorekeysTwentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词第

12、15页/共66页1.Lucy is watering the trees.The trees are being watered by Lucy.2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositions have been finished by us.第16页/共66页各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般将来时：情态动词：情态动词：现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时：现在完成时：过去完成时：过去完成时：S+am

13、/is/are+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done S+will +be+done S+was/were +being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were +done各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词S+had+been+done第17页/共66页主动语态变被动语态的步骤（宾主换，谓被动）1 1、主、主动语态动语态的的宾语变为宾语变为被被动语态动语态的主的主语语；2 2、主、主动动句的句的谓语动词变为谓语动词变为被被动结动结

14、构构；3 3、主、主动动句的主句的主语变为语变为被被动动句的句的宾语宾语，由，由by by 引出，引出，当当不强不强调动调动作的作的执执行者行者时时，常省略。，常省略。第18页/共66页英语有两种语态：英语有两种语态：主动主动语态语态和和被被动语态动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Catseatfish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。（主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fishiseatenbycats.(被动语态被动语态)鱼被猫吃。鱼被猫吃。被动语态的构成被动语态的构成由由“助动词助动词be及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成构

15、成助助动动词词be有有人人称称、数数和和时时态态的的变变化化，其其变变化化规则与规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。作为连系动词时完全一样。第19页/共66页 各种句型的被动形式各种句型的被动形式肯定句肯定句 主语主语+be+be+过去分词过去分词+（by by）否定句否定句 主语主语+be not+be not+过去分词过去分词+（by by）一般疑问句一般疑问句 Be+Be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?+(by)?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 疑问词疑问词+be+be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词 +（by by）？注意：注意：这里be的形式决定了被动语态的时态，其后的过去分词没有变化。重点

16、内容重点内容第20页/共66页各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般将来时：情态动词：情态动词：现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时：现在完成时：过去完成时：过去完成时：S+am/is/are+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done S+will +be+done S+was/were +being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were +done各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动

17、语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词S+had+been+done第21页/共66页Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.1English is spoken by many people.2Knives are used by people for cutting

18、things.3The box can be used by us as a table.4The classroom should be cleaned by us every day.5The bike will be repaired by her tomorrow.第22页/共66页被动语态的句式：肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词否定句:主语+情态动词+not+be+动词的过去分词一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+动词的过去分词？Yes,主语+情；No,主语+情+not第23页/共66页肯定句:Yourhomework shouldbefinishedbyyourself.

19、Itcanbeusedforwriting.否定句：Bookscantbetakenoutofthereadingroom.Teenagersshouldnotbeallowedtogooutatnight.疑问句:Shouldyoungtreesbewateredeveryday?Wherecanthebookbebought?反意疑问句：Sixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes,shouldntthey?第24页/共66页使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1.主动语态不带to的变为被动语态，须加上“to”hear、listen

20、tomake、let、have、watch、see,lookat,notice、feel、help,等。例：makesbdosthsb+be+madetodosthseesbdosthsb+be+seentodosthAgirlsawTomfalloffthetree.Tomwasseentofalloffthetreebyagirl.Thebossmadetheworkersworkhard.?Theworkersweremadetoworkhard.第25页/共66页2.“双宾语”改被动语态，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词.(这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定)pass、bring、

21、buy、show、send、give、cook等。把指“人”的间接宾语变主语，“物”不变。He gave me a book.变直接宾语加to.变间接宾语不加 I was given a book(by him).A book was given to me(by him).He showed me a ticket.I was shown a ticket(by him).A ticket was shown to me(by him).My father bought me a new bike.I was bought a new bike(by my father).A new bik

22、e was bought for me(by my father).第26页/共66页5.什么时候不加by注意：1)不知道谁是执行者eg:Hisnewcarwasstolen.2)情调动作的承受着而不是执行者eg:Thecarwasparkedinfrontofthisshop.3)礼貌及委婉语气eg:AlltheworkmustbefinishedbeforeMay.第27页/共66页“主动”表“被动”常见的三种情况（1 1）表示某物自身内在特点，主动表示被动。常见：）表示某物自身内在特点，主动表示被动。常见：This pen This pen writeswrites well.The s

23、hirt well.The shirt washeswashes well.well.This new book This new book sellssells well.The door won well.The door won t t workwork.The shop The shop opens/closes opens/closes at 8:00 am.at 8:00 am.注意区别：注意区别：The shirt is being washed now.The shirt is being washed now.汉译？汉译？(2)(2)有些词如有些词如want,need,req

24、uirewant,need,require和和 be worthbe worth后面，后面，V-V-inging形式为主动，意义为被动。形式为主动，意义为被动。如：如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.=The room =The room needs/wants/required to be needs/wants/required to be cleand cleand.The book is worth reading.The book is worth readin

25、g.第28页/共66页(3)句型“主语+be+形容词+todo”，“主语”是“不定式”的“逻辑宾语”，通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，dangerous,light,interestingimportant，expensive，fit，comfortable，impossible等。ThepictureispleasanttolookatThechairiscomfortabletositonTheworkisimpossibletofinish.注意：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要根据需要补充相应的介词。Th

26、epeniscomfortabletowritewith.第29页/共66页无被动语态的动词：不及物动词无被动happen,belongto,suit,fit(适合),have,let,join,fall,last（延长）,cost,breakout（爆发）appear,burstout(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agreewithThisroomcanhold500people.TaiwanbelongstoChina.TheT-shirt fitsmeverywell,anditonlycost20yuan.SARSbrokeoutinChinathatyear.Grea

27、tchangeshavetakenplaceinthelasttenyearsinchina.第30页/共66页get/have sth.done含被动(找人做某事)十六岁的孩子不应该打耳洞。Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.Ishouldgetmyshoesrepaired.Heshouldhavehishaircut.Letsgettheworkdone.第31页/共66页口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾语后加to/for(pass,l

28、end,buy,write,bring,show,tell)口诀3：有些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。两听，两感觉，三做，四看Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口诀4.含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem第32页/共66页第33页/共66页各种时态的被动结构练习 1、The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world.A.conside

29、rs B.is considering C.is considered D.has considered 2、John _,for he went swimming yesterday without permission.would punished B.had punished C.punished D.was punished3、-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet.Rooms _.A.are painting B.are painted C.are being painting D.are being painted 一般时态：一般时态

30、：am/is/are+过去分词过去分词现在进行时态：现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词过去时态：过去时态：was/were+过去分词过去分词第34页/共66页4、Mr.Wu was in hospital.when we went to see him,he _on.A.operated B.was operated C.was operating D.was being operated 5、The new school _ when the new term begins.A.finishes B.will finish C.will be finished D

31、.would finish6、The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long.A.invited B.had invited C.was inviting D.would be invited 过去进行时态：过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词过去分词一般将来时态：一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词过去分词过去将来时态：过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词过去分词第35页/共66页7、With the help of the Hope Project,more and more ne

32、w schools _ in the poor area.A.built B.have built C.have been built D.have been building8、He came out and told us that the work _.A.finished B.was finished C.had finished D.had been finished 9、The programmes _ easily if you use a short wave radio.A.can pick up B.pick up C.picked up D.can be picked u

33、p 现在完成时态现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词过去分词过去完成时态：过去完成时态：had+been+过去分词过去分词情态动词：情态动词：情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词第36页/共66页中考真题链接中考真题链接1.IfeelveryhappythatI_tobethehost.Congratulations!(07江西)A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen2.TodayChinese_bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.(07北京)A.wasspokenB.isspokenC.spoke

34、D.speak第37页/共66页3(课改实验区考生做)(07重庆)YourhometownhaschangedalotYes.Takealookatthesetallbuildings.They_lastyearA.buildBbuiltC.wasbuiltDwerebuilt(非课改实验区考生做)Whyistheclassroomsodirty?Sorry,sir.It_yesterdayWeforgottodoitA.dontcleanB.didntcleanC.werentcleanedD.wasntcleaned第38页/共66页中考被动语态考题1.The river smells t

35、errible.People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题）A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题）A arent，take away B taken，awayC isnt，taken away D be，taken away3.He _ _(tell)to return his books to the library yester

36、day.(黄冈市中考题）was told第39页/共66页5.Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week(济南市中考题）another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year.Trees _ _ by people there last year.(青岛市中考题）8.They grow vegetables on the farm.The vegetables _ _

37、on the farm（上海市中考题）TThey sent upwere planted are grown第40页/共66页9.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.10.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factorywas askedis done第41页/共66页11.Mr Li will give us a lecture on the Wes

38、tern culture,but when and where _ yet.(2007 浙江卷)A.hasnt been decided B.havent decided C.isnt being decided D.arent decided第42页/共66页Drills：A:1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus.A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited2.A big power station()_in my home town now.A.has been built B.is being

39、built C.has built D.is building.3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.4.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spokenCBDD第43页/共66页5.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was

40、 lain C.lied D.has lain7.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_BADC第44页/共66页9.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.wat

41、er D.be watered10._I think the shop_._No,its open.It_at six.11.Yesterday a visitor_something about hometown.A.asked B.will be asked C.was asked D.has been asked.12This bike is made in America.Its_for travelling.A.use B.using C.to use D.usedDDCD第45页/共66页一、单项选择1._ a new library _ in our school last ye

42、ar?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;buildD.Did;build2.An accident _ on this road last week.has been happened B.was happenedC.is happened D.happened3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A.is grownB.are grown C.grows D.grow4.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A.is given B.has been gi

43、ven C.will be given D.gives 5.How many trees _ this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been plante D.planted第46页/共66页6.Neitherofthem_inChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made7.Yourshoes_.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn8.Thedoctor_foryet.A.isntsentB.hasntbeensentC.wontbesen

44、tD.wasntsent9.-When_thiskindofcomputers_?-Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used10.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A.knows B.knewC.isknownD.wasknown11.I_insummer.BornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn12.HesaysthatMrZhang_tothefactorynextweek.第47页/共66页A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent13.Who

45、_thisbook_?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;written D.was;written14.Mary_showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto15.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus16.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A.jump B.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump17.Theschoolbag_behindthechair.

46、A.PutsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput第48页/共66页18.Olderpeople_well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter19.Ourteacher_carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened20.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_hisfriend.A.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.metby21.Mybrotheran

47、dIhave_herbirthdayparty.A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto22._Chaplin.A.ThechildsnamewascalledB.ThechildsnamecallsC.ThechildcallsD.Thechildisnamed第49页/共66页23.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown._fromhere?A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanitseenD.Cansee24.Youngtrees_wellwhenitisdr

48、y.AwaterBwatersCmustbewateredDwerewatered25.Thesebooks_outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.AcanttakeBmustbetakenCcantakeDmustntbetaken26.Weknowthatthiskindofbike_inSuzhou.AismadeBmakesCismakingDaremade27.Whenallthework_.Youmaygobackhome.AfinishesBhasfinishedCisfinishedDarefinished第50页/共66页28.E

49、nglish_inmanycountries.isspeakingB.isspokenC.speaksD.hasspoken29.Thecomputer_ITaiwanin1999.A.ismadeB.makesC.wasmadeD.made30.Theflowersarewatered_UncleWangeveryday.A.ofB.byC.atD.for31.Hisletter_soon.A.willfinishB.isfinishedC.wasfinishedD.willbefinished32.Anewlabbuilding_inourschoolinayear.A.putsB.wil

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