5-Music-美国概况-教学课件.ppt

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1、Americanrootsmusic,isabroadcategoryofmusicincludingfolk,blues,countrymusic,gospel,oldtimemusic,andNativeAmericanmusic.ThemusicisconsideredAmericaneitherbecauseitisnativetotheUnitedStatesorbecauseitdevelopedthere,outofforeignorigins,tosuchadegreethatitstruckmusicologistsassomethingdistinctlynew.Itisc

2、onsideredrootsmusicbecauseitservedasthebasisofmusiclaterdevelopedintheUnitedStates,includingrockandroll,rhythmandblues,andjazz.Rootsmusicalformsreachedtheirmostexpressiveandvariedformsinthefirsttwotothreedecadesofthe20thcentury.TheGreatDepressionandtheDustBowlwereextremelyimportantindisseminatingthe

3、semusicalstylestotherestofthecountry.Thegrowthoftherecordingindustryinthesameapproximateperiodwasalsoimportant;increasedpossibleprofitsfrommusicplacedpressureonartists,songwritersandlabelexecutivestoreplicateprevioushitsongs.Bythe1950s,alltheformsofrootsmusichadledtopop-orientedforms.Thebluesistradi

4、tionallyaboutmisfortune,betrayalandregret.Youloseyourjob,yougettheblues.Yourboyorgirlfriendfallsoutoflovewithyou,yougettheblues.Yourdogdies,yougettheblues.Unlikejazz,thebluesdidntspreadoutsignificantlyfromtheSouthtotheMidwestuntilthe1930sand40s.OncetheDeltabluesmadetheirwayuptheMississippitourbanare

5、as,themusicevolvedintoelectrifiedChicagoblues,otherregionalbluesstyles,andvariousjazz-bluesmixtures.Adecadeorsolaterthebluesgavebirthtorhythmnbluesandrocknroll.Well-knownbluespioneersfromthe1920ssuchasSonHouse,BlindLemonJefferson,Leadbelly,CharliePattonandRobertJohnsonusuallyperformedsolowithjustagu

6、itar.Whenthecountrybluesmovedtothecitiesandotherlocales,ittookonvariousregionalcharacteristics.ChicagobluesmensuchasJohnLeeHookerandMuddyWaterswerethefirsttoelectrifythebluesandadddrumsandpianointhelate1940s.Leadbelly&John Lee HookerJumpdown,turnaroundtopickabaleofcotton/Jumpdown,turnaroundtopickaba

7、leaday./Jumpdown,turnaroundtopickabaleofcotton/Jumpdown,turnaroundtopickabaleaday./OhLordy,pickabaleofcotton,ohLordy,/Pickabaleaday./OhLordy,pickabaleofcotton,ohLordy,/Pickabaleaday./Meandmygalcanpickabaleofcotton,/Meandmygalcanpickabaleaday.(Chorus)Meandmywifecanpickabaleofcotton,/Meandmywifecanpic

8、kabaleaday./(Chorus)Meandmyfriendcanpickabaleofcotton,/Meandmyfriendcanpickabaleaday./(Chorus)Meandmypapacanpickabaleofcotton,/Meandmypapacanpickabaleaday./PickABaleofCottonLeadbellyClassicfemaleurbanandvaudevillebluessingerswerepopularinthe1920s,amongthemBessieSmith.Bessie SmithNOBODYKNOWSYOUWHENYO

9、UREDOWNANDOUTBessieSmith-1929OnceIlivedthelifeofamillionaireSpendingmymoney,IdidntcareIcarriedmyfriendsoutforagoodtimeBuyingbootlegliquor,champagneandwineThenIbegantofallsolowIdidnthaveafriend,andnoplacetogoSoifIevergetmyhandonadollaragainImgonnaholdontoittillthemeaglesgreenNobodyknowsyouwhenyoudown

10、andoutInmypocketnotonepennyAndmyfriendsIhaventanyButIfIevergetonmyfeetagainhenIllmeetmylonglostfriendItsmightystrange,withoutadoubtNobodyknowsyouwhenyoudownandoutImeanwhenyoudownandoutMmmmmmmm.whenyouredownandoutMmmmmmmm.notonepennyAndmyfriendsIhaventanyMmmmmmmm.WellIfeltsolowNobodywantsmeroundtheir

11、doorMmmmmmmm.Withoutadoubt,NomancanuseyouwhenyoudownandoutImeanwhenyoudownandoutInthe1950s,blueshadahugeinfluenceonmainstreamAmericanpopularmusic.WhilepopularmusicianslikeBoDiddleyandChuckBerrywereinfluencedbytheChicagoblues,theirenthusiasticplayingstylesdepartedfromthemelancholyaspectsofbluesBo Did

12、dley Chuck Berry Bythebeginningofthe1960s,genresinfluencedbyAfrican-Americanmusicsuchasrockandrollwerepartofmainstreampopularmusic.WhiteperformershadbroughtAfrican-Americanmusictonewaudiences,bothwithintheUSandabroad.IntheUK,bandsemulatedUSblueslegends,andUKblues-rock-basedbandshadaninfluentialrolet

13、hroughoutthe1960s.BluesperformerssuchasJohnLeeHookerandMuddyWaterscontinuedtoperformtoenthusiasticaudiences,inspiringnewartistssteepedintraditionalblues.Onebluesrockperformer,JimiHendrix,wasararityinhisfieldatthetime:ablackmanwhoplayedpsychedelicrock.Hendrixwasaskilledguitarist,andapioneerintheinnov

14、ativeuseofdistortionandfeedbackinhismusic.Throughtheseartistsandothers,bluesmusicinfluencedthedevelopmentofrockmusic.AndyoucanhearthebluesinfluenceinmuchofthemusicbybandslikeTheWhiteStripes.BillieHoliday(1915-1959)wasanAmericanjazzsingerandsongwriter.NicknamedLadyDay,Holidaywasahugeinfluenceonjazzan

15、dpopsinging.StrangeFruitBillieHolidaySoutherntreesbearstrangefruit,Bloodontheleavesandbloodattheroot,Blackbodiesswinginginthesouthernbreeze,Strangefruithangingfromthepoplartrees.Pastoralsceneofthegallantsouth,Thebulgingeyesandthetwistedmouth,Scentofmagnolias,sweetandfresh,Thenthesuddensmellofburning

16、flesh.Hereisfruitforthecrowstopluck,Fortheraintogather,forthewindtosuck,Forthesuntorot,forthetreestodrop,Hereisastrangeandbittercrop.WoodyGuthrie(19121967)wasanAmericansinger-songwriterandfolkmusicianwhosemusicallegacyincludeshundredsofpolitical,traditionalandchildrenssongs,balladsandimprovisedworks

17、.HefrequentlyperformedwiththesloganThisMachineKillsFascistsdisplayedonhisguitar.HisbestknownsongisprobablyThisLandIsYourLand,whichisregularlysunginAmericanschools.Woody GuthrieGoinDowntheRoadIm blowin down this old dusty road,Im a-blowin down this old dusty road,Im a-blowin down this old dusty road,

18、Lord,Lord,An I aint a-gonna be treated this a-way.Im a-goin where the water taste like wine,Im a-goin where the water taste like wine,Im a-goin where the water taste like wine,Lord,An I aint a-gonna be treated this way.Im a-goin where the dust storms never blow,Im a-goin where them dust storms never

19、 blow,Im a-goin where them dust storms never blow,blow,blow,An I aint a-gonna be treated this way.They say Im a dust bowl refugee,Yes,they say Im a dust bowl refugee,They say Im a dust bowl refugee,Lord,Lord,An I aint a-gonna be treated this way.HankWilliams(19231953)wasanAmericansingerandsongwriter

20、andmusicianwhohasbecomeaniconofcountrymusicandoneofthemostinfluentialsongwritersofthe20thcentury.Hissongbookisoneofthebackbonesofcountrymusic,andseveralofhissongsarepopstandardsaswell.Hisdeathattheageoftwenty-ninehelpedfuelhislegend.BuddyHolly(19361959)wasanAmericansinger-songwriterandapioneerofrock

21、androll.Althoughhissuccesslastedonlyayearandahalfbeforehisdeathinanairplanecrash,HollyisdescribedbycriticBruceEderasthesinglemostinfluentialcreativeforceinearlyrockandroll.”One of the biggest reasons Buddy Holly was so important is that he wrote his own songs.He showed that no longer did“pop songs”h

22、ave to be written by some invisible people who knew how to write“hits”.you could write your own things,say what you wanted to say,and still be a hit and be popular and successful.This showed the way forward for a whole new generation of writers and musicians.ElvisPresley(1935-1977)wasasingerandactor

23、,andheisaculturalicon.HeiscommonlyknownsimplyasElvis“,andisalsosometimesreferredtoasTheKingofRocknRollorTheKing.In1954,Presleybeganhiscareerasoneofthefirstperformersofrockabilly,anup-tempofusionofcountryandrhythmandblues.Bob DylanBobDylanisagiantof20thcenturymodernmusic.Originallyafolkartistinfluenc

24、edbythebluesofLeadbellyandtheworkingmansmusicofWoodyGuthrie,Dylanbecameoneofthegreatliteratewritersofmodernmusic,andtookitintoareasnobodyhadthoughtpossible,takinginrock,folk,country,bluesandthelanguageofmodernpoetryintoanoriginalandunmatchablemusicthatinfluencedsubsequentgenerations.Dylanneverfollow

25、edfashions,hesimplyshowedpeoplewhatwaspossible.Butnobodyhaseverreallymatchedhisrangeorhisinfluence.Hetookpopularmusicintonewareas,anditsneverbeenthesamesince.Atthesametimeasallthiswashappeningintheearly1960s,BritishmusicintheshapeofTheBeatlesinfluencedAmericanpopmusic.Thisbecameknownas“theBritishinv

26、asion.”Infact,themusicofDylanandTheByrdsalsobecameaninfluenceonTheBeatles,anditsactuallyalmostimpossibletoseparatethedevelopmentofAmericanandBritishmusic.TheTamlaMotownrecordlabelstartedin1960,andplayedanimportantroleintheracialintegrationofpopularmusic,asitwasthefirstrecordlabelownedbyanAfricanAmer

27、icantoprimarilyfeatureAfrican-Americanartistswhoachievedcrossoversuccess.Inthe1960s,Motownwasastyleofblackmusicwithadistinctpopinfluence.ItfeaturedartistssuchasDianaRoss&TheSupremes,andSmokeyRobinson&TheMiracles.Thelanguageofhip-hopandrapcanbetraceddirectlybacktoitsrootsinthesimplicityoforalpoetryan

28、dAfrican-Americansongsofworkandprotestandaffirmationofequalrights.Buttherearesomany“crossovers”thesedaysitsalmostimpossibletotalkbrieflyaboutanyofthesegenres.AduolikeGnarlsBarkleybeganlifeinhip-hop,buttheirmusicnowincludesnumerousdifferentinfluences,andBrianBurton(knownasDangermouse)isalsoarecordpro

29、ducerwhoworkswithallkindsofdifferentmusicians.Indiemusicshortforindependentmusicbeganinthelate1970sasyoungmusiciansintheUSA(andtheUK)begantomaketheirownrecordsindependentlyfromthemajorrecordlabelssuchasEMI,SonyorWarnerBrothers.Thepunkerasawagreatgrowthinindiebands,anditsneverstopped.Indiemusicrepres

30、entsexactlywhatitsays:independence,independentthought,experiment,andcreativity.Itdoesntputsuccessfirst.Althoughmanyindiebandshavebecomeinternationalstars,suchasR.E.M.,mosthaveretainedtheiroriginalartisticaimsandintegrityandcontinuetomakeinterestingandcreativemusic.Nirvanawerethemostwell-knownofthe“g

31、runge”indiebandsandwereenjoyinghugesuccessuntilthesuicideoftheirleader,KurtCobain.Theinternetnowallowsindiebandstobeveryfamousallaroundtheworld.Hitrecordsnolongermatter.KEY POINTSqThatthebluesoriginatedinslavesongsandamongtheblackpopulationqThatfolkandcountrymusicbeganbybeingaboutordinarypeopleslive

32、sandproblemsqThatthedifferenttypesofrootsmusic(blues,country,folketc)developedintoandinfluencedtodaysdifferenttypesofrockandpopularmusicqyoushouldknowthenamesofthesingerswhoarementionedhere,andthetypeofmusictheymade.Knowingthecultureincludesknowingsomeofthemostimportantandfamouspeopleintheculturesarts,andmusicisVERYimportant.Youwillbetestedonsomeofthis.