英语翻译技巧.pptx

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1、一、主宾换位译所谓主宾换位译是指在翻译时将英语句子中的主语和宾语换一下位置，使其主语译成汉语句子中的宾语，宾语或介词宾语译成汉语句子中的主语。能够换位译的英语句子虽然不是很多，它主要取决于英语句子中的谓语动词，如 fail，happen，occur，desert，deny，appeal，come等，但由这些动词构成的句子却都是地地道道的英语常用句。例如：第1页/共30页His heart failed him（他失去了勇气。）Such a chance denied me（我没有得到这样一个机会。）If anything should happen to the machine，please

2、let us know（如果机器出了什么毛病，请通知我们。）At the most crucial moment，his self-confidence deserted him（在最关键的时刻，他失去了信心。）第2页/共30页The word finally came to me（我终于记起了那个词。）Good works appeal to everyone（人人都喜爱好的作品。）Suddenly a good idea occurred to me（突然我想到了一个好主意。）Something has gone wrong with the computer第3页/共30页二、前后反向译

3、前后反向译这种方法主要用在before作连词引导的一些状语从句当中，或用在一些诸如It was not wont be long before等固定句型当中。在这些句子中，为了使译文更符合汉语的表达习惯，有时往往不是将before译成在.之前，而是将其译成后，以后或在.之后。例如：Look before you leap（三思而后行。）第4页/共30页I knocked several times before an elderly lady answered the door（我敲了几次门以后一位老妇人才来开门。）New ideas sometimes have to wait for ye

4、ars before they are fully accepted（有时候，新思想等待多年以后才能被人们完全接受。）It was not long before everyone came to like him（不久之后人人都开始喜欢起他来了。）第5页/共30页It wont be long before we work out some plans to promote our sales（用不了多久以后我们就会拿出促销计划。）It will be three years before we can meet againIt was almost two weeks before the

5、y tracked down the facts they needed（几乎两个星期之后他们才找到所需要的论据。）第6页/共30页三、正反对调译 正反对调译这种方法在英汉翻译中使用频率极高，它可以运用在词、短语或句子等各个层面的翻译中。它是指在英语中许多从正面表达的意义，在汉语译文中却要从反面来表达，而在英语中许多从反面表达的意义，汉语译文却又从正面来表达。即正的反着译，反的正着译。例如：第7页/共30页1英语从正面表达，汉语译文从反面表达Haste makes waste.All good things must come to an end（天下没有不散的宴席。）He knew he w

6、as mortally ill（他知道自己得的是不治之症。）Excuse meIm at a loss in recalling your name（对不起，我想不起你的名字来。）第8页/共30页2英语从反面表达，汉语译文从正面表达His story was nothing but lies（他的那番话纯粹是谎言。）Our advice was not lost on him（我们的劝告对他起了作用。）Such things couldnt long escape notice.The police were not going to lose sight of him（警察将会继续监视他的行

7、踪。）第9页/共30页四、正反对调译在固定句型中的应用 正反对调译这种翻译方法除了在词、短语或句子等中大量使用以外，还经常被使用在一些常用的固定句型当中。例如：1在notuntil句型中（从正面表达）We did not notice this matter until yesterdayIt was not until the teacher came that we began the experiment（直到老师来了我们才开始做实验。）第10页/共30页2在It is has hadsince句型中（从反面表达）It is two months since Bill has smoke

8、d a cigar（比尔已经有两个月不吸烟了。）It had been six or seven hours since I had had anything to eat and drink（我没吃没喝已经六、七个小时了。）第11页/共30页3在tooto句型中（从反面表达）This book is too difficult for me to read（这本书太难，我看不懂。）Instances are too numerous to list（例子多得举不胜举。）第12页/共30页4在cant cannottoo over enough 句型中（从正面表达）You cant be to

9、o over careful when you drive a car（开车时你务必小心谨慎。）We cannot be thankful enough to them（我们对他们万分感激。）第13页/共30页5在cant couldnt do comparison句型中（从正面表达）I couldnt agree more about it（我对此非常赞同。）She couldnt have explained it more clearly（她把那件事解释得够清楚了。）第14页/共30页6在would ratherthan句型中（从反面表达）I would rather go out fo

10、r a walk than stay in the room doing nothing（我宁愿到外面去散步也不愿呆在房间里什么事也不做。）Im sure he would rather resign than take part in such a dishonest transaction（我相信他宁愿辞职也不会参与那样一桩不正当的交易。）第15页/共30页7在know better than to do句型中（从反面表达）You should know better than to make noise while the others are sleeping（你应该知道在别人睡觉时吵

11、闹是不对的。）He ought to know better than to go swimming straight after a meal（他应该知道饭后直接去游泳是不好的。）第16页/共30页英语中一些容易误译的短语 英语中有些短语的字面意思与实际含义相差甚远，你知道如何翻译下面这些似是而非的短语吗？1.They often talk horse.误他们常常谈论马。正他们常常吹牛。talk horse吹牛talk about/of the horse谈论马第17页/共30页2.She has a bee in her bonnet.误她帽子里有只蜜蜂。正她神经有点失常/胡思乱想，想得出

12、神。have a bee in ones bonnet 想得入迷，盯住一件事想;胡思乱想，神经有点失常3.The machine is in repair.误那台机器正在修理之中。正那台机器状况良好。be in repair维修良好的be under repair在维修中第18页/共30页4.Well stand up to the project.误我们都赞成这个工程。正我们将抵制这个计划。stand up to(sb./sth.)反对，抵制；拒绝接受所给予的不公正待遇stand up for sb./sth.赞成；支持；保卫；维护5.Dont make a fuss of them!误别对

13、那些事大惊小怪！正别讨好他们(或别溺爱他们)！make a fuss of sb.过分关心(宠爱)，过分表面化的赞扬；过度体贴；百般呵护；溺爱make a fuss大惊小怪，小题大做第19页/共30页6.She is in the dock.误她在码头上。正她在被告席上。(或她在受审)。be in the dock在被告席/犯人栏be in dock在船坞中7.The boss gave her the sack.误老板给了她一个麻袋。正老板解雇了她。give sb.the sack(boot,bag,kick)解雇；开除give sb.a sack给某人一个麻袋第20页/共30页8.That

14、 girl student is in the green.误那个女学生身着绿装。正那个女学生正值豆蔻年华。be in the green处于青春期，风华正茂be(dressed)in green穿绿色衣服。9.That young man has lost his heart.误那个青年人失去了信心。正那个青年人处于热恋之中。lose ones heart极其喜欢(某人)，爱上(某人)lose heart感到沮丧、灰心；丧失信心第21页/共30页10.The woman in labor is his wife.误那个劳动的妇女是他的妻子。正分娩的妇女是他的妻子。be in labor分娩，

15、生孩子labor劳动11.Dont call him names!误别叫他的名字！正别骂他！call sb.names谩骂，骂人call sb.s name点名，叫某人的名第22页/共30页12.I have seen him through.误我看透了他。正我帮助他渡过难关。see sb.through(sth.)一贯支持或帮助(某人)；向(某人)提供足以维持的东西，帮助(某人)使之得以渡过难关see through sth./sb.看透，看穿，识破13.The man is in the dumps.误那个人在垃圾堆里。正那个人神情沮丧。be in the dumps抑郁的，闷闷不乐的be

16、 in a dump在垃圾堆里第23页/共30页14.They are fighting like cats and dogs.误他们像猫狗一样地打架。正他们正大打出手。fight like cats and dogs大打出手15.He is a confidence man.误他是个有信心的人。正他是个骗子。a confidence man(欺诈钱财的)骗子a confident man自负的人，有信心的人第24页/共30页16.Lets talk turkey.误让我们谈谈火鸡。正让我们谈谈正事。talk turkey坦率认真地谈话，谈正经事talk of/about the turkey

17、谈论火鸡第25页/共30页你会译这些句子吗 He served me with a kind of coffee.He served me with coffee of a kind.He is not a little afraid of it.He is not a bit afraid of it.He went to Beijing for pleasure.He went to Beijing with pleasure.He went to Beijing at pleasure.第26页/共30页His English is anything but correct.His En

18、glish is nothing but correct.Your request is out of question.Your request is out of the question.The old man is in charge of the children.The old man is in the charge of the children.第27页/共30页He has words with me.He has a word with me.They are of age.They are of an age.May we meet again!We may meet again.第28页/共30页He doesnt think much about that suggestion.He doesnt think much of that suggestion.His speech was reported at length in the newspapers.At length,his speech was reported in the newspapers.第29页/共30页感谢您的观看！第30页/共30页