英语语法主谓一致.pptx

《英语语法主谓一致.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语语法主谓一致.pptx（21页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 “一一一一致致致致”是是是是指指指指句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分之之之之间间间间或或或或词词词词语语语语之之之之间间间间在在在在性性性性、数数数数等等等等方方方方面面面面应应应应保持一致。保持一致。保持一致。保持一致。“主主主主谓谓谓谓一一一一致致致致”是是是是指指指指谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词与与与与主主主主语语语语必必必必须须须须在在在在人人人人称称称称、性性性性、数数数数上上上上保保保保持持持持一一一一致致致致，即即即即主主主主语语语语是是是是复复复复数数数数，谓谓谓谓语语语语也也也也用用用用复复复复数数数数形形形形式式式式，如如如如are,are,were,were,hav

2、ehave等等等等，主主主主语语语语是是是是单单单单数数数数，谓谓谓谓语语语语要要要要用用用用单单单单数数数数形形形形式式式式，如如如如：is,is,was,was,has,has,worksworks等。等。等。等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。第1页/共21页意义一致的原则意义一致的原则 （一）谓语动词为单数的情况（一）谓语动词为单数的情况 1.由and 连

3、接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.(那个工人兼作家)(比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing.那位工人和那位作家)Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.2.Every and(every),each and(each,no and(no),many a and(many a)连接两个单数名词作主语。Every desk and every chair is made of wood.Many a boy a

4、nd girl has made the same mistake.3.one/every one/each/either/the number+of+复数名词作主语。Each of the students has a book.第2页/共21页4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.5.以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。Maths is one of my

5、 favourite subjects.6.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.7.由every-,any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。Is everyone here today?8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes.Whatever was left was taken away.9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。第3页/共21页（二）谓语动词

6、为复数的情况（二）谓语动词为复数的情况 1.由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.2.people,police,cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are looking for the missing child.3.goods,stairs,arms 等名词作主语。The goods were sold out.4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.5.a numbe

7、r of/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语。A number of students are reading books in the classroom.第4页/共21页（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。His family is a great one.His family

8、 are music lovers.2.means,works,pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。The steel works is near the station.Two new steel works are being built.第5页/共21页3.“kind,“kind,sort,sort,pair,pair,type type+名名词词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。The kind of paper is made of straw.Some kinds of animals are dying out.4.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语，根

9、据其指代的内容而定。All are present.All the food tastes good.5.“half“half/most most/enough enough/part part/the the rest rest/the the last last/lots lots/plenty plenty/分数、百分数分数、百分数+of +of +名词名词”作主语:谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。Two thirds of the students are girls in our class.Two thirds of building was painted.第6页/

10、共21页就近一致原则就近一致原则 由由or or,either either or,or,neithernor,neithernor,not not onlybut onlybut also also 等等连连接接的的并并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。Not only he but also I am invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.但注意：但注意：“with“with/along along with with/togethe

11、r together with with/including including/but but/except except/like like/among among/as as well well as as/no no more more than than/besides besides/rather rather than than+名名词词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.第7页/共21页谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是

12、跟表语一致?We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being 此题应选B B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子：注意以下类似例子：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need

13、 is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies第8页/共21页集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short Ais，is Bare，are Cis，are Dare，is 此题应选C C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：team(队，队员)，cl

14、ass(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会，委员们)，audience(听众)等：This class consists of 45 students.Mr Green teaches it 这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。This class are all diligent.Mr Green teaches them.这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。第9页/共21页It was late,but the audience was increasing.时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。The audien

15、ce were all moved to tears.听众都感动得流了泪。The team is the best in the league这个队在联赛中打得最好。The football team are having baths足球队队员们在洗澡。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing 衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，furniture家俱，machinery 机械，scenery 景色，jewellery珠宝等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察

16、，cattle牲口等。第10页/共21页 但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数），例如：Who is your brother？谁是你的兄弟？Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？What he said is quite correct他所说的完全正确。What he left me are only a few old books他给我留下的只是几本旧书。第11页/共21页并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？1.You or he _ to blame你或他有一

17、人要受责备。2._ you or he to blame?受责备的是你还是他？Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is 在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。第12页/共21页1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able

18、to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe第13页/共21页下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？A library

19、with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered 用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,together with,along with,as well as,more than,no less than,rather than等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。第14页/共21页1Nobody but Betty an

20、d Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been2A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come3No one except my parents _ anything about this。Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known4The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read

21、 Care reading Dis reading5All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed 第15页/共21页6.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 7.A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.

22、has offered C.are offered D.have offered8.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 9.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were10.E-ma

23、il,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 11._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are第16页/共21页主谓一致精练与解析1.More than one person here _ with the

24、 disease.A.has been infected B.have been infected C.has been infecting D.have been infecting由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数又如：More than one man was injured in the accident.More than one house has been repaired.2.One or perhaps more pages _ missing.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时

25、，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。又如：Are you or he to drive?Was she or you there?第17页/共21页3.An expert,together with some assistants,_ to help in this work.A.was sent B.were sent C.is sending D.are sending由 with，together with，along with，rather than，no less than，but，besides，except等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。又如：Nobody b

26、ut John and Helen was absent.I,rather than you,am responsible for the accident.4.The police _ the black in winter.A.wears B.wear C.put on D.puts on英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。又如：Some people spend a lot of money on clothes.Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.第18页/共2

27、1页5.The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team.A.are B.is C.were D.bethe number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。a number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。又如：The number of cars is increasing in Beijing.A number of books have been published on this subject.6.To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for y

28、our health.A.is B.are C.was D.were由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。又如：Whether to go on or return is not known.Time and tide waits for no man.第19页/共21页7.More students than one _.A.were punished B.is punished C.was punished D.will punishMore 复数名词 than one 和 more than one 单数名词的意义相同，均表

29、示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。又如：More students than one were punished.More than one student was punished.8.What they need _ more people.A.is B.are C.has D.have 名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数，但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what we need指复数内容。又如：What we need is more time.What he needs are books.What he says and what he does do not agree.第20页/共21页感谢您的观看！第21页/共21页