螺纹连接件的画法.pptx

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1、1螺孔Threaded hole第1页/共46页29.1 螺纹的形成、结构和要素 Generation,structure and key elements of thread 螺纹的形成GenerationA螺旋线Helix一个与轴线共面的平面图形（三角形、梯形等），绕圆柱面作螺旋运动，则得到一圆柱螺旋体 螺纹。A cylinder thread is a long narrow projection of uniform cross the section in the form of helix ont the surface of a cylinder 制在圆柱体外表面上的螺纹叫外螺纹

2、。External thread is a thread on the outside of a cylindrical surface,as on a shaft.制在圆柱体内表面上的螺纹叫内螺纹。Internal thread is a thread on the inside of a cylindrical surface,as in a hole.第2页/共46页3车外螺纹Lathe external thread车内螺纹Lathe internal thread工件 A Shaft卡盘Fixture车刀Cutter工件旋转The part rotates车刀沿轴向移动The cut

3、ter move along the axis2.螺纹加工 Machining screw thread第3页/共46页4 螺纹的要素Key Elements of threads 螺纹的牙型 Form of thread三角形Metric 在通过螺纹轴线的剖面上，螺纹的轮廓形状。The cross section of thread cut by a plane containing the axis.梯形ACME锯齿形Buttress常用的有：Most often used:牙型Form第4页/共46页5 螺纹的大径和小径 Major diameter and minor diameter

4、大径：与外螺纹牙顶或内螺纹牙底相切的假想圆柱面的直径。D、d Major diameter:The largest diameter of a screw thread小径：与外螺纹牙底或内螺纹牙顶相切的假想圆柱面的直径。D1、d1 Minor diameter:The smallest diameter of a screw thread牙顶Crest牙顶Crest牙底Root牙底Root小径大径第5页/共46页6 外螺纹External thread内螺纹Internal thread牙顶Crest牙底Root牙底Root牙顶Crest大径Major Dia.D、d小径 Minor dia

5、.D1、d1中径Pitch dia.D2、d2螺纹的中径Pitch diameter：一个假想圆柱的直径。该圆柱的母线通过牙型上沟槽和凸起宽度相等的地方。The diameter of an imaginary cylinder where the thread width is equal to space between the threads.第6页/共46页7 螺纹的线数Number of threads沿一条螺旋线形成的螺纹叫做单线螺纹；Single thread:with only one start.沿两条或两条以上在轴向等距分布的螺旋线所形成的螺纹叫做多线螺纹。Multiple

6、 thread:with two or more starts单线螺纹Single thread双线螺纹Multiple thread瓶口三线螺纹Triple-start thread第7页/共46页8 螺距和导程 Pitch and Lead 螺纹上相邻两牙在中径线上对应两点之间的轴向距离P称为螺距。Pitch:The distance from a point on one thread to the corresponding point on the adjacent thread,measured parallel to the axis of the thread.同一条螺纹上相邻

7、两牙在中径线上对应两点之间的轴向距离L称为导程。Lead:The distance a thread advances axially in one turn.单线螺纹(Single thread)：P=L多线螺纹(Multiple thread)：P=L/n螺距P=导程L螺距P导程L第8页/共46页9 螺纹的旋向 How the thread spiral右旋(常用):顺时针旋转外螺纹时旋入的螺纹为右旋。除非特别注明，螺纹均为右旋 Right-hand(Default)：A thread is always considered to be right-hand unless otherwi

8、se specified.左旋:加标记：“LH”Left-hand：always labeled LH on drawing注意：只有上述五要素完全相同的内、外螺纹 才能旋合在一起。The external thread and internal thread can be mated only when their five elements are all the same.右旋 Right-hand左旋 Left-hand右边升高Slant upward to the right左边升高Slant upward to the left第9页/共46页10螺尾Thread runout倒角

9、Chamfer 牙顶Crest牙底 Root牙型Thread form中径 Pitch dia.牙型 Thread form 小径Minor dia.螺距Pitch 螺距 Pitch 外螺纹External thread内螺纹Internal thread大径Major dia.内外螺纹旋合三要素：牙型、大径、螺距Three key elements for mating:thread form,major dia.and pitch第10页/共46页11退刀槽Thread relief螺尾Thread runout螺纹收尾和退刀槽 Thread runout and relief退刀纹Inc

10、omplete thread due to tool exits开始退刀 Cutting tool begins to exit退出车刀Exit completely外退刀槽External relief内退刀槽Internal relief退刀纹Incomplete thread 第11页/共46页129.2 螺纹的种类 Classification of threads commonly used螺纹Thread连接螺纹Connecting传动螺纹Transmitting普通螺纹Metric thread管螺纹Pipe thread 粗牙螺纹Coarse细牙螺纹 Fine 梯形螺纹Trap

11、ezoidal thread锯齿形螺纹Buttress thread密封管螺纹Screw-sealed非密封管螺纹Non-screw-sealed第12页/共46页13联接螺纹Conne-cting传动螺纹Transm-issionMGTrB粗牙Coarse细牙Fine螺 纹Metric管 螺 纹Pipe thread梯形螺纹Trapezoidal锯齿形螺纹Buttress普 通是最常用的联接螺纹 Most often used connecting thread用于细小的精密或薄壁零件Used for fine or thin part 用于水管、油管、气管等薄壁管子上，用于管路的联接。Us

12、ed for connection of pipes or tubes of water,oil or gas 用于各种机床的丝杠，作传动用。Power transmission,like in lead screw.只能传递单方向的动力。Transmit power in one direction only,like in a car jack螺 纹 种 类Types特征代号Labels外 形 图Profiles用 途Use常用的几种螺纹的特征代号及用途The labels and common uses of some threads第13页/共46页149.3 螺纹的规定画法Conve

13、ntional representation of threads牙顶用粗实线表示(外螺纹的大径线，内螺纹的小径线)。The crest line(i.e.major dia.for external thread and minor dia.for internal thread)defined by thick solid line.牙底用细实线表示(外螺纹的小径线，内螺纹的大径线)。The root line(i.e.minor dia.for external thread and major dia.for internal thread)defined by thin solid

14、line.在投影为圆的视图上，表示牙底的细实线圆只画约3/4圈。On an end view,the root should be represented by a circle of approximately 3/4 of the circumference drawn by thin solid line.螺纹终止线用粗实线表示。The thread end lines(The limits of useful thread)should be shown by a thick solid line.不管是内螺纹还是外螺纹，其剖视图或断面图上的剖面线都必须画到粗实线。For thread

15、ed parts shown in a sectional view,The section lines should be extended to the thick solid lines.第14页/共46页15螺纹终止线画粗实线Thread end line by thick solid line 外螺纹画法 Representation of external threads小径线画细实线且画到倒角内Minor dia.by thin solid lines and extended cross the chamfer line小径0.85d倒角圆不画Chamfer circle no

16、t shown on such view小径圆约画3/4圈Minor dia.by a thin solid line circle of approximately 3/4外螺纹剖视画法：Section of external thread:小径大径AA螺纹终止线画一小段Thread end line appears short 剖面线画到粗实线Section lines extended to thick solid linesAA 大径线画粗实线Major dia.by thick solid lines 第15页/共46页16螺纹终止线Thread end line by thick

17、solid line 内螺纹画法 Representation of Internal threads 大径线画细实线Major dia.by thin solid lines 小径线画粗实线，0.85d Minor dia.by thick solid lines and extended cross the chamfer line 倒角圆不画Chamfer circle not shown on such view大径圆约画3/4圈Major dia.by a thin solid line circle of approximately 3/4剖面线画到粗实线Section lines

18、 extended to thick solid linesAAAA第16页/共46页171200.5D不穿通螺纹孔的画法Blind tapped hole:钻孔Drill攻丝Tap第17页/共46页18C2 螺纹局部结构的画法 倒角Chamfer 退刀槽Relief 螺尾 Runout245245b与轴线成30细实线Thin solid lines 30to the axis螺尾只在有要求时才画，不需标注。Runout not shown unless its required.P505表第18页/共46页19AA4.螺纹联接的画法Representation of threaded con

19、nectionAA旋入深度Length of screwed 大径线和大径线对齐；小径线和小径线对齐。Two major diameters are collinear,so does the two minor diameters.旋合部分按外螺纹画；其余部分按各自的规定画。For threaded connection part,external thread covers internal thread.按不剖画As non-sectioned内、外螺纹剖面线方向相反Reversed section lines for internal and external threads为什么？第

20、19页/共46页20画图步骤Steps：画外螺纹（小径画0.85d）External thread(Major dia.as 0.85d)确定内螺纹的端面位置 Determine the location of internal thread ends 画内螺纹及其余部分投影 Finish the remaining part of internal thread.第20页/共46页219.4 螺纹的标注 Thread designation 标注的基本模式 General symbols螺纹代号Designation of threads公称直径Nominal dia.螺距 或 导程(P螺距

21、)Pitch or Lead(P&pitch value)LH(如为左旋)LH(if left-hand)一个或两个公差带代号One or two tolerance zone symbols旋合长度代号Symbol for length of engagement粗牙螺纹不标注螺距；P502旋合长度为中等时，“N”可省略。右旋螺纹省略标注;长Long：L 中等Middle：N短Short：S中径和顶径公差带代号第21页/共46页22 标注示例 ExampleM 20 2 LH-5g6g-s普通螺纹Metric thread大径Major dia.d20螺距 2(细牙)Pitch is 2(f

22、ine thread)短旋合长度Short engagement length顶径公差带代号Major dia.tolerance zone左旋Left-hand中径公差带代号Pitch dia.tolerance zone例1：例2：Tr407(14/2)7HL梯形螺纹Trapezoidal thread大径Major dia.D40螺距 7导程14,双线螺纹Pitch is 7,lead is 14,double thread.中径、顶径公差带代号Major dia.and pitch dia.tolerance zone长旋合长度Long engagement length右旋 Righ

23、t hand两公差相同则只标一个。小写字母表示外螺纹，大写字母表示内螺纹。If the two tolerance zone symbols are the same,only one indicated。Capital for internal and small for external threads.P502第22页/共46页23M202 标注方法 Thread notesM20-7HG1外螺纹External尺寸界线应 从大径引出！The extension lines should be from the major dia.管螺纹注：G后面的数字不是管螺纹的大径，而是它的公称直径

24、。The value after letter“G”is not the major dia.but its nominal dia.内螺纹Internal1 in=25.4mm P504P502第23页/共46页249.5 螺纹紧固件的标记和画法Threaded fasteners 常用的螺纹紧固件有：螺栓、螺钉、螺柱、螺母和垫圈等。由于这类零件都是标准件，通常只需在装配图中用简化画法画出，同时给出其规定标记。标记方法按“GB”有关规定。Threaded fasteners,which include bolts,screw,stud,nut and washer etc.,are stan

25、dardized.On assembly drawings they are specified by means of designations and shown in conventional representation.Designation according to“GB”第24页/共46页25 六角螺母 Nuts P 513规定标记 Specified designation：螺母 GB/T 6170 M122d0.8d简化画法 Simplified drawing：国标号GB symbol for nuts螺纹规格Thread size例：比例画法见P414 图15-20 Se

26、e P414 Fig.15-20 for proportional drawing as第25页/共46页26 六角头螺栓 Bolts P506规定标记：Specified designation螺栓GB/T 5782 M1280（由设计决定）Determined by design0.7d L2dd0.1d45简化画法：Simplified drawing螺栓长度LLength of stud L例：比例画法见P414 图15-20See P414 Fig.15-20 for proportional drawing as第26页/共46页27 垫圈 Washers P514规定标记：Spe

27、cified designation垫圈GB/T 97 12简化画法Simplified drawing：规格,指用于M12的螺栓或螺柱 Size 12 means that it is used for M12 bolts or studs0.15d1.1d2.2d例：P514为平垫圈，P515为弹簧垫圈 P514 shows plain washers while P515 about spring washers第27页/共46页28 螺钉 Screws P511规定标记：Specified designation螺钉GB/T 65 M8450.2d0.3d1.5dd0.6dL2d0.1

28、d45开槽圆柱头螺钉 Slotted cheesed head screw简化画法：Simplified drawing例：P508 内六角圆柱头螺钉Hex.Socket cheese head screwP510开槽沉头螺钉 Slotted countersunk head screw螺钉长度LLength of screw L第28页/共46页29 螺栓联接 Bolt joints9.6 螺纹紧固件装配图的画法 Representation of fasteners in assembly drawing用于将两个都有通孔的零件联接Used to hold two parts togeth

29、er each of which has a through and clearance hole.第29页/共46页301L螺栓联接装配图画法 Drawing of bolt jointsLd=1+2+0.15d(垫圈厚 height of washer)+0.8d(螺母厚height of nut)+0.3d螺栓、垫圈、螺母沿轴线剖到按不剖画 Bolt,washer and nut as non-sectioned along the axis螺栓的有效长度按下式计算 Design length of the bolt is calculated as:将Ld与标准规定的公称长度系列L比较

30、，选择最接近于计算值的公称长度。（P506)Compare the length Ld with the nominal length L series specified in the standard and choose the one closest to the calculated value.两块板的剖面线方向相反 Reserved directions of section lines for two parts0.3d2被联接件的孔径=1.1d Holes in two parts drawn as diameters of 1.1d 螺栓大径为d Major dia.Of

31、the bolt is d参见P416 图15-23 Refer to P416 Fig.15-23 第30页/共46页31画图步骤 Steps:先画俯视图较方便Top view first recommended第31页/共46页322.螺钉联接 Screw joints 螺钉连接用于受力不大且不要求调整的机构。Screw joints are used on machines requiring few adjustments and lower strength.光孔Clearance hole螺纹孔Tapped hole第32页/共46页33bmL0.5d旋合长度bm与被零件材料有关:

32、Length of screwed bm is determined by material of jointed part:钢Steel：bm=d铸铁Cast iron:bm=1.25d铜Copper:bm=1.5d铝Aluminum:bm=2d螺钉计算长度：Length calculated by:Ld=bm+查表定L-P511 Find L in list of P511参见P418 图15-28 Refer to P418 Fig.15-28 螺钉联接画法 Drawing of bolt joints45第33页/共46页34常见的错误画法Incorrect drawings：允许将螺

33、纹画到底Simplified representation permitted螺钉末端应不拧到底The screw should not touch the end of the tapped hole.螺纹终止线应高于两零件分界Thread end line should be higher than the demarcation line第34页/共46页35锥顶角度？What is the angle?倾斜角度？How inclined?剖面线画到何处？Where the section lines extended to?画在何处？The structure of the cone?

34、第35页/共46页36 3.双头螺柱联接 A stud joints光孔Clearance hole螺纹孔Tapped hole螺柱联接用于零件材料较厚不能制通孔的机构。Stud joints are used on machines which are difficult to drill through holes in.螺母端Nut end旋入端Metal end第36页/共46页37双头螺柱联接画法 Representation of stud jointsbmLLd=+0.15d+0.8d+0.3d 旋合长度bm（即螺柱旋入端长度），同螺钉一样由被联接件的材料决定。As in scr

35、ew joint,length of screwed bm is（i.e.the length of metal end of the stud）determined by material of jointed part查表 P507螺柱画法参见P415图15-20 ，螺母端螺纹长度可近似为2d。See P415 Fig.15-20 for drawing of stud，the length of nut end can be drawn as 2d.螺柱联接画法参见P417 图15-25 和15-26 Refer to P417 Fig.15-25 and 15-26 对齐Aligned

36、第37页/共46页38小 结Conclusion1.在螺纹的规定画法中，要抓住三条线。The key is three lines in the conventional representation of thread:牙底用细实线表示(用手摸不着的柱面)。The root by thin solid line(The portion that cant be touched)螺纹终止线用粗实线表示。The thread end line by thick line.注意剖视图中剖面线的画法。Note the section lines.2.螺纹标注的目的，主要是把螺纹的类型和参数体现出来。

37、尺寸界线要从大径引出。The notes of threads show the types and parameters。The dimension extension lines should be from the Major dia.牙顶用粗实线表示(用手摸得着的柱面)。The crest by thick solid line(The portion that can be touched)第38页/共46页393.螺栓、螺钉、螺柱、螺母、垫圈都是标准件，掌握其联接装配图的规定画法（简化画法），注意比较它们的相同点和区别。掌握其标记内容。The screw fasteners are

38、 standardized which are specified by means of designations and their representations（conventional and simplified）in assembly drawing are symbolized。4.会查阅螺纹及螺纹联接件的标准手册。Use thread tables to specify or draw threaded fasteners 第39页/共46页40参考教材Refer to：P403-420作业：习题集 P97，98（1-3），99（1）下周：期中测验(尺寸标注,剖视,轴测图,螺

39、纹)Next week:Mid-exam(dimensioning,section,isometric drawing,thread)第40页/共46页41ANSI中表达外螺纹的两种方式:Two representing for external threads in a drawing ANSI:第41页/共46页42ANSI 内螺纹ANSI internal thread:细节图（剖视）简图（剖视）未剖视 侧视第42页/共46页43ANSI 公制螺纹标注ANSI metric thread specification:第43页/共46页44ANSI 英制螺纹标注ANSI thread specification（in inches）:大径0.5英寸每英寸28齿牙型注C系列（C指粗糙）注：UN是普通牙型配合类型（3为精密，2 为普通，1为松配合）B指内螺纹（A指外螺纹）第44页/共46页45第45页/共46页46感谢您的观看！第46页/共46页