英语四六级写作讲座.ppt
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1、大学英语四级考试写作篇写作篇试卷要求试卷要求lDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.l1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该lHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?评分原则评分原则 l1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语
2、教学大纲的四级和六级教学要求,对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。l2.CET作文题采用总体评分(GlobalScoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(RewardScores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。l3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。l3.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分;该给低分的给低分,包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。评分标
3、准评分标准v1.短文写作部分满分为15分。v2.阅卷标准共分五等:14分、11分、8分、5分、及2分。各有标准样卷一至二份。v3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对照参照卷评分,若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似,即定为该分数(即8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数,则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分),但不得加或减半分。评分标准评分标准l14分切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。(漂漂亮亮)l11分切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。(清清楚楚)l8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误。(马马虎虎)l5分基
4、本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。(稀里糊涂)l2分条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。(一塌糊涂)字数不足应酌情扣分字数不足应酌情扣分累计字数CET-41101191001099099808970796069505949CET-61401491301391201291101091001099099808979扣分12345679各档作文相当于百分制的得分各档作文相当于百分制的得分作文分15141312111098得分率10094878074676054作文分76543210得分率4740342720147014 points Thes
5、edaysmanyparentstendtomakealldecisionsfortheirchildrenforfearthattheymightdosomethingwrong.Theparentspurposeisquiteclear:toprotecttheirkidsfrompossiblefailures.Butthispracticeturnsouttomaketheirchildrenincreasinglydependentonthem.Fortheirchildrensfuturedevelopment,parentsshouldhelpthemtobeindependen
6、t.Theearliertheytakemeasurestodoso,themorebenefittheirchildrenwillget.Parentsshouldfirstteachtheirchildrenhowtomakeplan,anindispensableskillfortheirfuturesurvival.Parentsshouldalsogivetheirchildrenmorefreedom,amusttochildrensindependence.Ifthechildrenonlyfollowrulessetbytheirparents,theywillnevergai
7、nthesenseofindependence.Mostimportantly,parentsshouldbeopentodifferentideasfromtheirchildren.Ifchildrenfeelthattheirideasarewelllistenedtoandrespected,theywillbecomemoreconfident.Tosumup,parentsshouldprovidetheirchildrenwithplan-makingskill,freedomandrespect.Inthisway,childrenwillgrowmoreindependent
8、.11 points Nowadays,manyparentsdoeverythingfortheirchildren.Theycookmealsandwashclothesfortheirchildren.Andtheyevenmakeallthechoicesfortheirchildren.Everythinghasdonebytheparentsandthechildrenwilldonothingbutfollowingtheparentsdecisions.Inordertohelpchildrentobeindependent,parentsshouldfollowingthes
9、uggestionsgivenbelow.First,letchildrendosomehousework,suchaswashingdishesandcleaningrooms.Theseworkswillnottaketoomuchtime,buttheyaresuitableforchildrentolearntoliveindependently.Second,givethechancetomanagethefamily.Asafamilymember,childshouldknowhowtomanagethefamily.Andtheparentsshouldteachthemthi
10、skindofskills.Inthisway,childrencanlearnthenecessaryabilitiestoliveontheirown.Andmostimportant,givemorefreedomtochildrenandletthemmaketheirownchoice.Onlyinthiswaycanchildrengrowuphealthily.8 pointsNowadays,manyparentsdoeverythingfortheirchildren.Therearemanyreasonsforparentstodothat.Thefirstoneistha
11、ttheylovetheirchildrenandwantthemlivebetter.Thesecondoneisthattheythinktheywoulddoeverythingbetterthantheirchildren.Allthesethingsmakesthechildrendontknowhowtolivewithoutparents.Theydontknowhowtobeindependent.Whattheparentsdohaveareallybadeffecttotheirchildren.Sotheyshouldtryanotherway.Theyshouldtea
12、chtheirchildrenhowtodothingsinsteadofdoingthingsforthem.Then,theyshouldletthechildrenknowthattheywouldleaveonedayandchildrenmustlivebythemselves.Sothechildrenhavetolearntolivealonewhenitisnottoolate.Nextparentsshouldputitintopractice.Theymaycreatmorechanceforchildrentolivealonewhenchildrenareyoung.I
13、fparentsdowellintheseways,theirchildrenwillsurelyknowhowtobeindependent.5 pointsRecentyears,atopicofhowshouldparentshelpchildrentobeindependent,whichhasarousedwidelypublicattention.AsfarasIamconcernedthatisrightinasense,whichparentsdoeverythingsfortheirchildren.Becauseofthechildrenisparentssallthing
14、s.However,Iamfavorofparentsshouldhelpchildrentobeindependentassoonaspossible.Howshouldparentshelptheirchildrentobeindependent.Inmyopinion,parentsshouldbelievetheirchildrenfirst.Parentsshouldbecertainwiththeirchildrencanrecognizethetrueorfaultandrightorwrongofsomething.Secondly,parentshadbesttoletthe
15、irchildrentorelizetheresponsityofhimselfandthefamily.Inaddition,parentsalsoneedtoconnectwiththeirchildrenandknowaboutwhatchildrenisdoingrecently.Bydoingso,childrenmaymakemistakeevenlosttheirwayandsoon.However,dontworried,parents.Yourchildrenmustbesucceedfromtheirexperience.2 points Intheworld,howman
16、ypeopleisveryhappy?Becausetheyarehasparents,friends,teachersandsoon.Theyaretakesmuchloveforthem.Sotheyareveryhappy.Inpresent,parentsaredoingmuchmoreanythingfortheirchildrens.Includinganythinginthehome.Forexample,theirclothes,theirdinner,theirfriendsandsoon.Intheschool,theirparentstakesthemforschoolb
17、ycar,bybikeandonfoot.Fortheirchildrensafe.Todayschildrendontdoanythingexcepttheirparents.Forchildrenaloneintheworld.Forchildrendoinganythingaloneintheworld.Parentsmakesdoexchangethemselves.Parentsarentdoanythingfortheirchildren.Theycandosomethingbythemselves.Theycanwiththeirfriendstogotoschool,tobuy
18、somethinginthestoryanssoonparentsshouldnotupset.Allowtheirchildrensdoingthemselves.Parentsshoulddoanythingfortheirchildrens,butdoesntdoallthethingsfortheirchildren.写作五步骤 l英语写作的一般步骤为审题、立意、提纲、草稿以及修改等五步。任何文章都不是一蹴而就的,必须循序渐进,经过这五个步骤,从准备到动笔,到最后完稿,每一步都要细心谨慎,只有这样,写出来的文章才符合题目的要求。一、审题 l审题的任务,就在于明确文章的主题和写作的内容,
19、找到贯穿全文的纲。具体而言,审题过程应完成以下三点任务:l()理解命题的基本要求,对于提供关键词或提纲的作文,应确定各个关键词或各个要点之间的逻辑联系;()确定采用的文体,是记叙文、描写文、说明文,还是议论文;()确定写作的内容,是写人、记事,还是议论;是解释现象,还是讲道理、论是非。例例1lDirections:Forthispart,yourareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicElectricityandOurDailyLife.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourco
20、mpositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:l电的用途:提供动力/照明/日常生活。l假如没有电:生产/生活,都会受到影响。l因此,我们要节约用电。SamplelElectricityisessentialinourdailylife.Itrunsthemachinesinfactories.Itstartsthevehiclesandlightthestreetsandrooms.Withit,wecanwatchTV,listentothetaperecorder,cookmealsorstorefoodinthefridge.Inaword,ith
21、elpsusalotinourdailylife.lIftherewerenoelectricity,allthemachineswouldstopworking.Atnight,itwouldbeverydark.Wewouldhavetowashourclotheswithourhands.Studentswoulduseoillampstodotheirhomework.Wewouldliveasourancestorsdidcenturiesago.lTherefore,electricityisveryimportanttous.Ourlifecannotgoonwithoutit,
22、nottomentiontheconstructionofourcountry.Ourcountryisshortofelectricity,now.So,everybodyshouldtrytosaveit.例例2lDirections:Forthispart,yourareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicAnannouncementforavoluntaryprogram.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninC
23、hinese)below:l1校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动,现招聘志愿者l2本次志愿者活动目的内容及安排l3报名条件和联系方式二、立意:l立意就是确定文章的中心思想。当我们拿到题目,经过审题这一步骤,了解了文章题目所包含的所有信息之后,就要对主题进行确定,将与主题有关的信息、事实排列成序,考虑从不同角度、用不同事实来进一步说明、解释、丰富主题。例例3 lDirections:Forthispart,yourareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicCreateaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120word
24、sandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:l1.建设绿色校园十分重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色环境3.为了建设绿色校园我们应该 SamplelItisofgreatimportancetomakeandmaintainagreencampusinouruniversityorcollege.Obviously,agrowingnumberofpeoplearebeginningtorealizethatitisourdutytodothatinthepresentdays,sincetheconceptof“
25、agreenworld”hasbecomethefocusofthesociety.lTheideaof“agreencampus”isbeyondagreenenvironment.Tobeginwith,thedevelopmentonthecampusistobesustainableandrecyclable.Someoftheauthoritiesbudgetshouldbeonhowtoreduceofthewaste.Whatsmore,wedbetterbeawareoftheseriousnessofpollutionaroundus.Thustheideaofenviron
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