初中英语语法介词.pptx

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1、什么是介词？它的作用是什么？什么是介词？它的作用是什么？什么是介词？它的作用是什么？什么是介词？它的作用是什么？1.Look atat me.()2.He goes to school byby bike.()3.He is interested inin drawing.()4.The book is onon the desk.()代词代词名词名词 动名词动名词 介词介词:通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与 另一个之间的_。名词名词代词代词代词代词名词名词名词名词动名词动名词动名词动名词关系关系第1页/共39页介词的主要分类：介词的主要分类：介词的主要分类：介词的主要

2、分类：1.at the cinema,in the hospital _2.Write with a pen,go by bus _ 3.in summer,on Septemper 1st _4.by the way,at last,in the end _地点介词地点介词方式介词方式介词时间介词时间介词固定搭配固定搭配第2页/共39页一一一一.地点介词地点介词地点介词地点介词1.at the village,at home,at the corner of the street._2.in Shanghai,in the country,in Asia,in the world,in sp

3、ace _3.in the box,on the chair,under the desk,next to Kate,on the right of Lucy,in front of the house,behind the door _表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具体不同的介词第3页/共39页填上正确的地点介词填上正确的地点介词：1.1.在广州在广州 _ Guangzhou _ Guangzhou 2.2.在电影院在电影院 _ the cinema_ the cinema3.3.在湖边在湖边 _ the lake _ the lake 4.4.在海里在海里 _ the se

4、a_ the sea5.5.树上的苹果树上的苹果 apples _ the treeapples _ the tree6.6.书上的小鸟书上的小鸟 birds _ the treebirds _ the tree7.7.在天空上在天空上 _ the sky_ the sky8.8.在教室外在教室外 _ the classroom_ the classroom9.9.在农场上在农场上 _ the farm_ the farm10.10.在街道上在街道上 _ the street_ the streetinatbyinonininoutsideonin第4页/共39页二二二二.方式介词方式介词方式

5、介词方式介词1.write with a pen,cut with a knife,lock with a lock _2.see with our eyes,do with our hands,smell with our noses,eat with our mouths _3.in English,in French,in your own words,in three language _4.in a loud voice,in a low voice _5.in this way,by this means _使用工具用介词使用工具用介词 withwith使用器官用介词使用器官用介词

6、 withwith使用语言用介词使用语言用介词 inin使用声音用介词使用声音用介词 inin使用方法用介词使用方法用介词 inin或或 byby第5页/共39页6.by bike,by bus,by train,by plane,by ship,by car(on foot)by land 陆路，by sea 水路，by air 空运 _ 但：但：on the bike,on the bus,on the train,on the plane,on the ship,in the car7.Shanghai lies _the east of China.()Japan lies _the

7、east of China.()Hubei lies _the north of Hunan.()8.in a read coat,the girl in yellow,the boy in white _9.lie in bed,after a while,in the sun（在阳光下）under the sun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）使用交通工具用使用交通工具用 bybyintoon在中国内部在中国内部在中国外部在中国外部两地接壤两地接壤表示穿衣服用表示穿衣服用 inin固定搭配()()第6页/共39页三三三三.时间介词时间介词时间介词时间介词1.at six oclock,at n

8、oon,at that time,at half past three,at mid-night _2.on Sunday,on New Years Day,on March 21st,on my birthday _3.in three days,in a week,in a month,in May,in 1998 _4.in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening _ 但：on the morning of May 1st5.at night=_ _ night6.in the day=in the _表示点钟或具体一点时间用表示点钟或具体

9、一点时间用 atat表示在某一天用表示在某一天用 onon表示大于一天的时间用表示大于一天的时间用 inin在早上在早上/下午下午/傍晚傍晚 用用 ininintheday-time第7页/共39页later单独使用可用将来时或过去时态Theotherswilljoinuslater。lateron后来，再过些时候7.具体时间用不同的介词:在放假期间在放假期间 _the holiday _the holiday 在圣诞节期间在圣诞节期间 _ Christmas _ Christmas 三天之后三天之后 three days _ three days _（一般过去时）（一般过去时）_ three

10、 days _ three days（一般过去时）（一般过去时）_ three days_ three days（一般将来时）（一般将来时）duringlateratafterin注意注意注意注意第8页/共39页(1)(1)介词短语：介词短语：at breakfast from now on from then on on ones way to at first at last in the end in front of in time on time in the middle of at least at most instead of at once on foot at the s

11、ame time by the way 四四.固定搭配的含介词的中考词组固定搭配的含介词的中考词组:在吃早饭在吃早饭在吃早饭在吃早饭第9页/共39页(2)Do you remember them?在岁时 _ the age of 有时 _ times/sometimes 开始,在起初 _ the beginning of 此刻 _ the/this moment=now 在结尾,在尽头_ the end of 例如 _ example=such_ 匆忙地 _ a hurry 到的时候 _ the time=when 从到 _ 在户外,在野外 _ the open air atatatatatf

12、orinbyfromtoinas第10页/共39页 相邻，靠近 next _ 遍及 all_ 将来 _ the future 由于,幸亏 thanks _ 过了一会儿 _ a while 在地球上 _ the earth 到底、究竟_ earth 下课/放学/下班后 _class/school/work 展出 _ show 值日 _ duty 独立,单独 all _ oneself 令(某人)惊讶 _ ones surprisetointoafteronafterononbytooveron第11页/共39页(3)固定搭配:arrive _/_a place find _（发现，找到）get

13、on/along _ be afraid _ sth.hand _(上交）hand _(分发）be angry _ sb.be angry _ sth.be strict _ sb.be strict _ sth.be ready _ be full _=be filled_be good _=do well _ be busy _ sth.be late _ be interested _eat _ give _(放弃）grow _ inatwithupinforatforupupoutofwithwithofinatoutwithinwithin第12页/共39页Remember and

14、translate:hear from(sb)ring up hold on 1.继续;坚持;保持 2.(打电话时)等一等 hurry up stop sb.from doing sth.knock at/on take off laugh at take part in listen to think about look after/at/for/up/out try on try out take care of turn on/off make friends with wait for pay for wake up put on/up/off write down worry ab

15、out make progress with 第13页/共39页be familiar with sb./sth.（人）熟悉某人/某物be familiar to sb.（物）为某人所熟悉be strict with sb.对某人严格要求be strict in sth.严格对待某事 in the air 在空中on the air播出shout to 呼喊，向喊shout at对吼，责骂in the endat lastfinally最后by the end of 到末止at the end of在结束时，在末端，第14页/共39页 be known to sb.为某人所知 be known

16、 as 作为而出名，被叫作 be known for因而出名be busy with sth.忙于某事be busy doing sth.忙着做某事 ahead of time提前，超前 sometime某时 some time某段时间，某一时期 sometimes=at times有时 sometimes 许多次，许多倍 at a time=each time每次 at one time=once曾经第15页/共39页常用易混淆介词辨析常用易混淆介词辨析常用易混淆介词辨析常用易混淆介词辨析after/in皆可表示时间在之后，其区别为：after.表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如：Wel

17、lgooutforawalkaftersupper.表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如：Wellgotoschoolintwoweeks.第16页/共39页between/among1)1)betweenbetween 多指多指两者两者之间。如：之间。如：Whats the Whats the difference between the two words?difference between the two words?2)2)amongamong 指指三者或三者以上三者或三者以上的

18、同类事物之间，在或笼统的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在在中间，在中间，在之中之中”。如：。如：The young people lived and worked The young people lived and worked among the workers.among the workers.注意：注意：注意：注意：我们可以说我们可以说between you and mebetween you and me，但不能说，但不能说 between you and Ibetween you and I，因为，因为betweenbetween是介

19、词。是介词。3)3)betweenbetween还可以用来指还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用。三个或三个以上的名词用andand连接，前面用连接，前面用betweenbetween，而不用，而不用amongamong。如：。如：There is not much There is not much difference difference between the three of thembetween the three of them.Switzerland lies _ France,Ger-many,Austri

20、a Switzerland lies _ France,Ger-many,Austria and Italy.and Italy.betweenbetween第17页/共39页besides/exceptWe have seen the crocodile We have seen the crocodile besidesbesides Li Fang Li Fang（除除之外，还有之外，还有）全部计算在内）全部计算在内We are all Chinese We are all Chinese exceptexcept Tom in our class.Tom in our class.（除

21、除之外，不计算在内）之外，不计算在内）All the students in our class went to the All the students in our class went to the cinema _ Kangkang,why?cinema _ Kangkang,why?Because he had a bad cold.Because he had a bad cold.A AExcept BExcept Bbesides Cbesides CBeside DBeside Dwithoutwithout【解析解析】except“except“除除之外之外”，排除，排除在

22、外的意思；在外的意思；besides“besides“除除之外之外”，包含，包含在内；在内；beside“beside“在在旁边旁边”；without“without“没有没有”。根据题意可知用。根据题意可知用exceptexcept，故，故选选A A。第18页/共39页overover表示与某物不接触的表示与某物不接触的“正上方正上方”，underunder与其相对，与其相对，表表示示“正下方正下方”。The sky is The sky is overover our heads.our heads.天空在我们头顶上。天空在我们头顶上。The cat is The cat is under

23、under the table.the table.那只猫在桌子底下。那只猫在桌子底下。aboveabove表示表示“在在的上方的上方”，“高于高于”；belowbelow与其与其相对，相对，表示表示“在在的下面的下面”，“低于低于”。The temperature will stay The temperature will stay above zeroabove zero in the in the day timeday time持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。onon指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的

24、上面。They put some flowers They put some flowers on the teachers on the teachers deskdesk.他们把一他们把一些花放在讲桌上。些花放在讲桌上。over,above,on第19页/共39页cross cross 作动词用，作动词用，“穿过，越过穿过，越过”的意思。主要表示在物体表的意思。主要表示在物体表面上横面上横穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与go acrossgo across同义。同义。例如例如：Be careful when you cross the street.Be c

25、areful when you cross the street.过马路时过马路时要小心。要小心。Cross(Go across)the bridge,and you will see a big Cross(Go across)the bridge,and you will see a big buiding.buiding.过这座桥你就会看到一栋大楼。过这座桥你就会看到一栋大楼。crosscross作名词用是作名词用是“十字架，十字形饰物十字架，十字形饰物”的意思。的意思。acrossacross是介词，有是介词，有“横跨，横穿，穿越横跨，横穿，穿越”之意。之意。acrossacross与

26、与go/walkgo/walk等动词连用表示等动词连用表示“穿过，越过，横穿穿过，越过，横穿”的的意思。与意思。与crosscross基本同义，也是表示从物体表面经过。基本同义，也是表示从物体表面经过。例如例如：Go acrossGo across the road,you will find the post the road,you will find the post office on office on your left.your left.横过这条公路，你会发现邮局就在你的左边。横过这条公路，你会发现邮局就在你的左边。cross，across,through第20页/共39页th

27、roughthrough是介词，是介词，“在在.之中，透过之中，透过”的意思，常与的意思，常与go,walkgo,walk等动词连用，表示等动词连用，表示“穿越，横穿穿越，横穿”等意思。主要表等意思。主要表示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等。示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等。例如例如：The two friends were walking The two friends were walking throughthrough the the forest.forest.这两个朋友正沿着森林走。这两个朋友正沿着森林走。The sunlight comes The sunlight com

28、es throughthrough the glass.the glass.阳光透过玻璃。阳光透过玻璃。1.Wemust_theroadverycarefully.1.Wemust_theroadverycarefully.2.Beforegoing_theroad,youshouldlookleft2.Beforegoing_theroad,youshouldlookleftfirstandthenright.firstandthenright.3.Itrytogetintotheroom_thewindowbecauseI3.Itrytogetintotheroom_thewindowbe

29、causeIcantopenthedoor.cantopenthedoor.4.Theydrove_thestreetquickly,butthepolice4.Theydrove_thestreetquickly,butthepolicecaughtthematlast.caughtthematlast.5.Itsdangeroustoswim_theriver.5.Itsdangeroustoswim_theriver.6.Go_thebridgeandyouwillseethestation.6.Go_thebridgeandyouwillseethestation.crosscross

30、acrossacrossacrossacrossacrossacrossacrossacrossthroughthrough第21页/共39页in front ofin front of 表示表示“在某人或某物的前面在某人或某物的前面”，在某，在某个范围个范围以外；以外；in the front ofin the front of 表示表示“在在的前部的前部”，在某个，在某个范围以内范围以内例如：例如：There are some tall trees There are some tall trees in front ofin front of the the building.build

31、ing.在楼前有一些高树。在楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting The teacher is sitting in the front ofin the front of the the classroom.classroom.老师坐在教室前面老师坐在教室前面infrontof,inthefrontof第22页/共39页aboveoveronbelowunderaboveaboveoveroverbelowbelowunderunderononBe careful,there is a heavy box_ your head.Be careful,there is

32、a heavy box_ your head.The sun is _ the mountain in the east.The sun is _ the mountain in the east.There are some stamps _ the desk.There are some stamps _ the desk.The position he pointed to was _ the sea The position he pointed to was _ the sea level.level.The little mouse is _ the table,so it is

33、not easy to The little mouse is _ the table,so it is not easy to find it.find it.overabove onabovebelowunder第23页/共39页表示“延续的一段时间”时，可用“for时间段”或“since过去的时间点”，常与含延续动词的完成时连用。How long have you been in this city?你在这座城市待了多久了？For ten years.十年。Mr Smith has lived here since 1998.史密斯先生自从1998年就住在这。since,for第24页/

34、共39页表示表示 在在上上 时，不是都用时，不是都用onon，有时须用，有时须用inin。在树上在树上在树上在树上inthetreeinthetree 用于指树上的鸟、人等。用于指树上的鸟、人等。onthetreeonthetree用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。在墙上在墙上在墙上在墙上inthewallinthewall镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。onthewallonthewall在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。在报纸上在报纸上在报纸上在报纸上inthenewspaperinthenewspap

35、er用于指报上的内容。用于指报上的内容。onthenewspaperonthenewspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。in,on第25页/共39页be made ofbe made of 从成品上看得出的材料从成品上看得出的材料be made frombe made from从成品上看不出的原料从成品上看不出的原料be made inbe made in产地产地 be made bybe made by制造者制造者be made up ofbe made up of由由组成，由组成，由构成构成be made into be made into 被制

36、成被制成It is said that this kind of cloth It is said that this kind of cloth is made ofis made of silk and silk and it it is made inis made in China.China.据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国制造。制造。This wine This wine is made fromis made from grapes.grapes.这酒是葡萄酿的。这酒是葡萄酿的。This machine This machine is ma

37、de byis made by Uncle Wang.Uncle Wang.这机器是王伯伯制造的。这机器是王伯伯制造的。The article The article is made up ofis made up of four parts.four parts.这篇文章有四部分组成。这篇文章有四部分组成。FlourFlour（面粉面粉）can be made intocan be made into bread.bread.bemadeofbemadeof、bemadefrombemadefrom、bemadeinbemadein、bemadebemadebyby、bemadeupofbe

38、madeupof、bemadeintobemadeinto第26页/共39页be used for doing sth.=be used to do sth.be used for doing sth.=be used to do sth.意为意为“被用来做被用来做”。介词。介词forfor表示用途，后接名词或动词表示用途，后接名词或动词inging形式。形式。be used bybe used by 意为意为“被被使用使用”，介词，介词byby后面接动作的执行者后面接动作的执行者(宾语宾语)。be used asbe used as 意为意为“被用作被用作”，介词，介词asas表示表示“作为

39、作为”，be used to doing sth.be used to doing sth.意为意为“习惯于做习惯于做”，toto是介词。是介词。The stamp The stamp is used foris used for sending letters.sending letters.邮票是用来邮信的。邮票是用来邮信的。English English is is widely widely used byused by travellers and business people travellers and business people all over the world.al

40、l over the world.英语被全世界的旅行者和商人广泛使用。英语被全世界的旅行者和商人广泛使用。English English is used asis used as the second language in many countries.the second language in many countries.英语在许多国家被当作第二语言。英语在许多国家被当作第二语言。I I am used toam used to getting up early every morning.getting up early every morning.我习惯早晨早我习惯早晨早起。起。b

41、eusedfordoingsthbeusedfordoingsth、beusedtodosthbeusedtodosth、beusedbeusedbyby、beusedasbeusedas、beusedtodoingsth.beusedtodoingsth.第27页/共39页单词拼写单词拼写:1.There are _(超过)sixty students in our class.2.Fish cant live_(没有)water.3.We havent seen each other for a long time _(自从)we met last time.4.Do you worry

42、about _(他们 )?5.Whos _(值日 )duty today?6.Have you paid _(付款 )the book?7.Please turn_(关掉 )the lights.8.Its bad for your health to go to school_(不吃)breakfast.overwithoutsincethemonforoffwithout第28页/共39页1.Weusuallyhavelunch_noon.2.LinTaowasborn_February18th.3.Annsits_myright,_Katesleft.Shesits_us.4.Myfat

43、herisleaving_Suzhoutomorrow.5.Wemustlearn_eachother.atatononononononbetweenbetweenforforfromfrom用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空第29页/共39页6.Theywent_thegateandenteredthegarden.7.Wecandoallthings_ourhands._theendofthelastcap，hecaughtup_theothers.9.Bekind_people.Dontshout_people.10.Lastmonthheworked_ateacher_threeweek

44、s.throughthroughwithwithAtAtwithwithtotoatatasasforfor第30页/共39页1.His father is very angry_him his study.A.at，to2.Paper is made_wood.3.The basket is full_apples.4.Kate cant come.Lets ask wei Hua instead_her.5.The heavy rain stopped me_getting to school on time.A.to B.from C.on D.for B BA AB BA AB B第3

45、1页/共39页6.Li Lidas parents are very proud _ their son.7.The fox looked up_ a cock sitting the tree.A.to，in B.at,in C.for，on8.Please wait _ the bus stop near my home.A.for B.at C.next D.in front9.Where is your bike made_?A.in B.from C.of D./10.When the red light is on，its dangerous to go_the street.A.

46、across B.through C.cross D.toD DB BB BD DA A第32页/共39页11.He is rich _ unhappy.12.Take a rest _ you finish the work.13.You cant pass the exam,_ you study hard.14._our team tried best,_ we failed.A.Though,but B.Because,so C.If,and D.Though,/15.Dont get off _the bus stops.D DB BD DC CC C第33页/共39页16.Ther

47、e is a good play_TV this evening.A.on B.by C.in 17.How far is it _ Guangzhou_Beijing?A.fromto B.fromfor C.awayto18.Japan lies _the east of China.A.to B.in C.on19.Mr.Brown has gone to Canada.He will be back _ tow weeks.A.for B.after C.in20.A:What time did you get there this morning?B:_ eight.A.In B.A

48、t C.On21.We all agree _you.Lets start at once.A.to B.for C.withAAACBC第34页/共39页22.My aunt arrived here _a warm spring morning.A.in B.at C.on23.A:When did your uncle arrive _ China?B:He got to Guangzhou_the morning of the 16th of April.A.in,on B.in,in C.at,on24.Hawaii is famous _its beautiful beaches.

49、A.in B.for C.with25.We must stop children from_with fire.A.play B.played C.playingCABC第35页/共39页26.Look,Tina is waiting _ the bus stop.26.Look,Tina is waiting _ the bus stop.A Afor Bfor Bat Cat Cin Din DToTo27.27.What would you like to do _ such a bad What would you like to do _ such a bad boy?boy?A

50、Awithwith B Bon Con Catat D Dinin28.28.The young man walked _ the forest and The young man walked _ the forest and came to a big river at last.came to a big river at last.A Aon on B Boverover C Cthrough through D Dacrossacross29.29.The food _ my country is quite different _ The food _ my country is