工业工程专业英语chapter1课件.pptx

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1、工业工程专业英语工业工程专业英语o课程性质、目的和任务n专业英语是工业工程专业的一门专业课，通过对本课程的学习，及一步巩固和提高英语水平，特别是提高阅读科技英语及专业英语资料的能力。其任务是培养学生阅读、写作科技英语等方面的能力，使其能以英语为工具顺利获取有关本专业所需的信息。o教学基本要求n了解专业英语的语法特点、专业英语的词汇特点及专业英语的各种文体中常用的符号、公式及其他。掌握工业工程专业的英语文献阅读和理解，能快速阅读科技文章，迅速获取信息和中心思想。理解专业英语翻译的基本方法。o计划学时：26学时工业工程专业英语工业工程专业英语o课时安排章章节节（或内容）（或内容）网网络络习题课习题

2、课讨论课讨论课实验实验其他其他合合计计Chapter 1 Introduction to Industrial Engineering4Chapter 2 Work Study4Chapter 3 Manufacturing Systems4Chapter 5 Production Planning and Control4Chapter 6 Logistics Engineering2Chapter 7 Ergonomics4Chapter 8 Quality Management4Chapter 9 Management Information SystemsChapter 10 Huma

3、n Resources ManagementChapter 11 ScienceTechnology Literature Search合计2626工业工程专业英语工业工程专业英语o作业要求(共10次作业)n要求每次作业独立完成，并在完成学习后3天内上交，要求以Word文档形式上交，文档命名格式为“作业1_10603101_小王”。n作业格式按给定“作业模板”排版。n最后一次结课作业应在课程学习结束前上交o期末结课作业(毕业设计答辩前，要求有科技文献翻译一篇，这项工作可以说是一举两得，希望同学们认真完成，并注意保存)n要求通过文献检索数据库，检索一篇工业工程相关英文科技文献，最好结合毕业设计题

4、目，并翻译成中文。n具体要求：o上交一份检索文献过程的贴图；o检索文献(英文)要求字数(不是字符数，A4版式小五字体大约4页)超过2000字；o上交内容放在同一个word文档中，要求按“论文规范”排版，要有目录，分3个部分，包括：n文献检索过程n外文文献n中文翻译Chapter1IntroductiontoIndustrialEngineeringo计划学时：计划学时：4学时学时o教学内容：教学内容：n3学时，精读，逐句翻译，掌握专业词汇学时，精读，逐句翻译，掌握专业词汇oUnit1IntroductiontoIEn1学时，泛读，了解文章大意，掌握专业词汇，翻学时，泛读，了解文章大意，掌握专业

5、词汇，翻译重点语句译重点语句oUnit2HistoryofIEoUnit3AcademicDisciplinesofIEoUnit4DevelopmentofIEo教学要求：教学要求：n了解工业工程的角色，工业工程毕业生的需求，学习本书的目的，掌握了解工业工程的角色，工业工程毕业生的需求，学习本书的目的，掌握工业工程的定义。工业工程的定义。n了解工业工程设计的学科，工业工程的发展。了解工业工程设计的学科，工业工程的发展。n了解美国工业工程专业在学科中的地位与中国的不同。了解美国工业工程专业在学科中的地位与中国的不同。o本章共两次作业（作业本章共两次作业（作业1，作业，作业2）本章专业词汇本章专

6、业词汇ohypotenuse:斜边（斜边（hypothesis:假设）假设）olag:落后，延迟落后，延迟oimpede：妨碍，阻止：妨碍，阻止ocivilengineering：土木工程：土木工程omilitary：军事的：军事的ofortification：防御工事：防御工事omechanicalengineering：机械工程：机械工程osteamengine:蒸汽机蒸汽机oculminate:达到顶点达到顶点oelectricalengineering：电气工程：电气工程omagnetism：磁学：磁学ostaticelectricity:静电学静电学ocarbon-filament:

7、钨丝钨丝otransmission:传送传送otransportation:运输运输otransformation：转换：转换ofuel：燃料：燃料odye：染料：染料olubricant：润滑剂：润滑剂ointernalcombustionengine：内燃机：内燃机oartificialmaterial：人工材料：人工材料oassiduity：勤奋、刻苦：勤奋、刻苦ointerchangeability:互换性互换性ospecialization:专业化专业化ostandardization:标准化标准化oinstituteofindustrialengineers：工业工程师：工业工程师

8、学会学会(IIE)ophysicalscience：自然科学（：自然科学（naturalscience）oproductive：有生产价值的、多产的：有生产价值的、多产的ocost-effective：有成本效益的、划算的：有成本效益的、划算的oindustrialengineering:工业工程工业工程omanufacturingindustry:制造业制造业oproductionsystem：生产系统：生产系统oservicesystem:服务系统服务系统oefficiency:效率效率oeffectiveness:效果效果ocurricula:课程课程(orcurriculum)ohar

9、monioussociety:和谐社会和谐社会oIEgraduates:工业工程毕业生（工业工程毕业生（IEs）oIEengineers:工业工程师（工业工程师（IEs）ofacility:设备、设施设备、设施ohealth-caredelivery:卫生保健服务卫生保健服务odiscipline:学科学科omethodology:方法方法oliterature:文献文献oeconomicandknowledge-basedera:知识经知识经济时代济时代ospecialty:专业专业ofeedback：反馈：反馈ohandinhand:合作合作oinclinedplane:斜面斜面ocork

10、screw:螺丝刀螺丝刀osimplelever:单杠杆单杠杆ofriction:摩擦摩擦omolecular:分子的分子的oelectricity:电、电学、电流、电气电、电学、电流、电气othermalprocess:热处理热处理omanipulate:处理，使用，操纵处理，使用，操纵ovariable:变量变量oPythagoreantheorem:勾股定理勾股定理Unit1IntroductiontoIEOriginandDefinitionofIndustrialEngineering1.Manufacturing2.Services3.OriginofIE4.Definitiono

11、fIE1.ManufacturingoManufacturingisdefinedasmakingofarticlesbyphysicallaborormachinery,especiallyonalargescale.nbyphysicallabor:apersonwithhandtoolsusedcraftskillstomakeobjects.nbymachinery:ithasplayedanincreasingrole.nonalargescale:withthemassproduction2.ServicesoHealth-caredeliverysystemsoTransport

12、ationsystemsoGovernmentsoBanksoDepartmentsandsupermarketsCharacteristicsofServicesoProductsareintangibleoCloselycontactwithcustomersoHighintensive-laboroDifficulttoevaluateperformanceoDifficulttocontrolqualityofservices3.OriginalofIndustrialEngineeringA.EngineeringB.ScienceC.IndustryA.EngineeringEng

13、ineeringisconcernedwiththeapplicationofscientificknowledgetothesolutionofproblemsandtothequestfora“betterlife.”e.g.:theEgyptPyramids,theGreatWall,theRomanconstructionCivilChemicalElectricalIndustrialMechanicalMilitaryManufacturingNuclearElectronicComputerAeronauticalAstronauticalBioengineeringAgricu

14、ltural/OceanB.ScienceScienceisconcernedwiththequestforbasicknowledge.e.g.:MathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologySocialscience(Behaviorscience,psychology,philosophy,sociology)EngineeringandScienceoEngineeringandsciencehavedevelopedinaparallel,complementaryfashion,althoughnotalwaysatthesamepace.Obviously,

15、knowledgecannotbeapplieduntilitisdiscovered,andoncediscovered,itwillsoonbeputtouse.Initseffortstosolveproblems,engineeringprovidesfeedbacktoscienceinareaswherenewknowledgeisneeded.Thus,scienceandengineeringworkhandinhand.ModerneraofengineeringBeginningin1750,EngineeringschoolsappearedinFranceintheei

16、ghteenthcentury.Thetermcivil engineer wasfirstusedin1750 military engineering civil engineeringmechanicalengineering:steamengineelectricalscience:electricityandmagnetism4.DefinitionofIndustrialEngineering Industrialengineeringisconcernedwiththedesign,improvement,andinstallationofintegrated systemsof

17、people,materials,information,equipment,andenergy.Itdrawsuponspecialized knowledgeandskillinthemechanical,physical,and social sciencestogetherwiththeprinciplesandmethodsofengineering analysisanddesigntospecify,predict,and evaluate,theresultstobeobtainedfromsuchsystemsUnderstandingthedefinitionofIE(1)

18、Industrial:anyorganizationintegratedsystems:afactory,acityspecializedknowledge:mechanical,physical,andsocialsciences,theprinciplesandmethodsofengineeringanalysisObjectives:tospecify,predict,andevaluate,theresultstobeobtainedfromsuchsystemsUnderstandingthedefinitionofIE(2)Disciplinecharacter:Engineer

19、ingtech.Researchobject:systems(macro/micro)Theory&methods:mathematics,naturalsciencesandsocialsciencesObjectives&tasks:effectiveness&efficiency作业作业1：1.重点语句翻译（把下列语句翻译成中文）Industrialengineering(IE)isemergingasoneoftheclassicandnovelprofessionsthatwillbecountedforsolvingcomplexandsystematicproblemsinthe

20、highlytechnologicalworldoftoday.Industrialengineeringisconcernedwiththedesign,improvement,andinstallationofintegratedsystemsofpeople,materials,information,equipment,andenergy.Itdrawsuponspecializedknowledgeandskillinthemathematical,physical,andsocialsciencestogetherwiththeprinciplesandmethodsofengin

21、eeringanalysisanddesigntospecify,predict,andevaluate,theresultstobeobtainedfromsuchsystems.作业作业1：2.课外翻译（把下列语句翻译成中文）Ontheotherhand,todaysIEhasathisorherdisposalmoretechnologyandtoolsthantheIEof30yearsagocouldhaveeverimagined.Ifapersonlosessightofthetotaljobandstartslookingattheindividualpieces,itcome

22、soutalittlehairy.ProblemsassociatedwithrenamingIEdepartmentstodescribetheirparticularfunctionmayhavemoretodowithappearancethanwiththeactualjobbeingperformed.3.用英文回答下例问题Whatisscience?Whatisengineering?Whatisindustry?Whatisindustrialengineering?Unit2HistoryofIndustrialEngineeringoCharlesBabbage(巴贝奇，17

23、92-1871)nBritishmathematicianandinventorofananalyticalmachinebasedonprinciplessimilartothoseusedinmoderndigitalcomputers.nDivisionoflabor,laborrelationsFormulationofIndustrialEngineeringFormulationofIndustrialEngineeringoEliWhitney(1765-1825)nAmericaninventorandmanufacturerwhoseinventionofthecottong

24、in(1793)revolutionizedthecottonindustry.Healsoestablishedthefirstfactorytoassemblemusketswithinterchangeableparts,markingtheadventofmodernmassproduction.nMassproductionsystem,interchangeablemanufacture;thedesignandconstructionofnewmachinesFormulationofIndustrialEngineeringoFrederickWinslowTaylor(泰勒，

25、1856-1915)nAmericaninventor,engineer,andefficiencyexpertnotedforhisinnovationsinindustrialengineeringandmanagement.nAnalyzeandimprovethemethodofperformingwork,reducethetimesrequired,andsetstandards(timestudy)nThePrinciplesofScientificManagement(1911)FormulationofIndustrialEngineeringoFrankB.Gilbreth

26、(吉尔布雷斯，1868-1924)ntheidentification,analysis,andmeasurementoffundamentalmotionsinvolvedinperformingwork(motionstudy)nThiswasafundamentalstepinthedevelopmentofindustrialengineeringasprofessionbasedon“science”ratherthan“art.”FormulationofIndustrialEngineeringoDr.LillianGilbreth(1878-1972),wifeofFrank.

27、Shewitnessedandcontributedtothebirth,growth,andmaturationoftheIEprofession.nthefirstladyofengineeringnthefirstwomantobeelectedtotheNationalAcademyofEngineeringFormulationofIndustrialEngineeringoHenryLaurenceGantt(1861-1919)nAmericanengineeroGantt chartnTheGanttchartwasasignificantcontributioninthati

28、tprovidedasystematicgraphicalprocedureforpreplanningandschedulingworkactivities,reviewingprogress,andupdatingtheschedule.Ganttchartsarestillinwidespreadusetoday.oW.A.ShewhartnDevelopedthefundamentalprinciplesofstatisticalqualitycontrolin1924.Thiswasanotherimportantdevelopmentinprovidingascientificba

29、setoindustrialengineeringpractice.FormulationofIndustrialEngineeringoManyotherindustrialengineeringpioneerscontributedtotheearlydevelopmentoftheprofession.oDuringthe1920sand1930smuchfundamentalworkwasdoneoneconomicaspectsofmanagerialdecisions,inventoryproblems,incentiveplans,factorylayoutproblems,ma

30、terialhandlingproblems,andprinciplesoforganization.FormulationofIndustrialEngineeringScientificmanagementPeterDruckersystematicworkstudyChronologyofIECharacteristicsandFunctionsofIndustrialEngineeringoFeaturesofacademicdisciplineoIndustrialengineeringasaprofessionoProfessionalethicsoIEfunctionsFeatu

31、resofacademicdisciplineo(1)Engineeringo(2)Cross-disciplineso(3)ManufacturingandservicesorientedIndustrialengineeringasaprofessiono(1)Associatedwithaprofessionisasignificantbodyofspecialknowledge.o(2)Preparationforaprofessionincludesaninternship-liketrainingperiodfollowingtheformaleducation.o(3)Thest

32、andardsofaprofession,includingacodeofethics,aremaintainedatahighlevelthroughaself-policingsystemofcontrolsoverthosepracticingtheprofession.o(4)Eachmemberofaprofessionrecognizeshisresponsibilitiestosocietyoverandaboveresponsibilitiestohisclientortoothermembersoftheprofession.EngineersTaskoEngineersar

33、efrequentlyinvolvedindecisionsthathaveaprofoundeffectonsociety.oThedesignofparticulardevicesalmostalwaysinvolvesthesafetyoftheuser.oThedesignoftheprocessesfrequentlyaffectstheenvironment.oThedesignandlocationofafactoryaffectthecommunityanditscitizens.oThedesignofamanagementsystemgreatlyaffectstheind

34、ividualsworkingfortheorganizationtheircomfort,theirsenseofworth,theirfinancialstatus,andsoon.IEfunctionsoProductionoperationsoManagementsystemsoCorporateServicesUnit3AcademicDisciplinesofIndustrialEngineeringoBigfivedisciplinesoManagementoOperationsResearchoSystemsEngineering oStatistics oErgonomics

35、oManufacturingEngineeringBigfivedisciplinesoBigfive:civil,chemical,electrical,industrial,andmechanicalengineeringoOthers:nuclearengineering,electronicengineering,aeronauticalengineering,computerengineering,astronauticalengineering,environmentalengineering,bioengineering,agriculturalengineeringandoce

36、anengineeringManagementoProductionmanagement-conceptsandtechniquesspecifictotheanalysisandmanagementofproductionactivity;howtoanalyzeanddesignproductivesystemsandthecontrolproceduresforefficientlyoperatingsuchsystemsoThetrainingofaracecardriverisanalogoustomanagementeducation:thedesignofthecarisanal

37、ogoustoindustrialengineeringeducation.ManagementoPlanningoOrganizingoCoordinatingoControllingoencouragingoCommunicatingOperationsresearchoDefinitionofO.R.oSimilaritytoIEoNatureofO.R.oCategorizationofO.R.OperationsresearchoDefinitionofO.R.Theattackofmodernscienceoncomplexproblemsarisinginthedirection

38、andmanagementoflargesystemsofmen,machines,materials,andmoneyinindustry,business,government,anddefense.Thedistinctiveapproachistodevelopascientificmodelofthesystem,incorporatingmeasurementoffactorssuchaschanceandrisk,withwhichtopredictandcomparetheoutcomesofalterativedecisions,strategies,orcontrols.T

39、hepurposeistohelpmanagementdetermineitspoliciesandactionsscientifically.OperationsresearchoSimilaritytoIEIEandO.R.havecommonalities.O.R.andIEindeeddohavemanyofthesameobjectivesandworkonmanyofthesameproblems.TheprimarydifferenceisthatO.R.hasahigherleveloftheoreticalandmathematicalorientation,providin

40、gamajorportionofthesciencebaseofIE.OperationsresearchOperationsresearchoNatureofO.R.Mathematicalinvolvemente.g.:economicorderquantity（经济订货量）Plantlocation（工厂选址）JobevaluationQualitycontrolTransportationprogrammingproblemsOperationsresearchoCategorizationofO.R.DeterministicApproachAnytimerandomvariatio

41、nisnotallowedProbabilisticApproachAnytimerandomvariationisallowedSystemsEngineeringoDefinitionofasystemoClassificationsofsystemsoSystemsofIESystemsEngineeringoDefinitionofasystemAsystemmaybedefinedasasetofcomponentswhicharerelatedbysomeformofinteraction,andwhichacttogethertoachievesomeobjectiveorpur

42、pose.SystemsEngineeringoClassificationsofsystemsNaturalvs.Man-MadeSystemsStaticvs.DynamicSystemsPhysicalvs.AbstractSystemsOpenvs.ClosedSystemsSystemsEngineeringoSystemsofIEIndustrial engineers design systems at two levels.Thefirst level is called human activity systems and isconcernedwiththephysical

43、workplaceatwhichhumanactivityoccurs.Thesecondleveliscalledmanagementcontrol systems and is concerned with procedures forplanning,measuring,andcontrollingallactivitieswithintheorganization.SystemsEngineeringoSystemsofIEcyberneticsNorbertWiener(1894-1964),Americanmathematicianwhofoundedthefieldofcyber

44、netics.control and Communication in the Animal and the MachineClaudeShannon(香农),InformationtheoryThe Mathematical Theory of CommunicationSystemsEngineeringoSystemsofIENegativefeedbacke.g.:Themostcommonlyusedexampleofnegativefeedbackisthethermostat.Whenthetemperaturedropssufficientlybelowsomedesiredv

45、alue,thethermostatinitiatestheheatingportionofthecycle,andtheheatisaddeduntilatemperatureisreachedthatisgreaterthanthedesiredtemperature.Heatingisthenstoppedtopermitcoolingtonegatetheoverheating.Negativefeedbackmeansthatsomeactionistakentoopposeornegateanunacceptabledifference.SystemsEngineeringoSys

46、temsofIENegativefeedbacke.g.:aconceptualmodelofnegativefeedbackinmanagementsystemsStatisticsStatisticshasbeenandwillcontinuetobedistinctfromindustrialengineering.However,theapproachofindustrialengineeringhaschangedsignificantly;theworldaroundusisviewedasprobabilisticinnatureratherthandeterministic.B

47、ydeterministicitismeantthatallactionsunderconsiderationinaparticularstudysituationareassumedtobecertain.Probabilisticimpliesthatatleastoneaspectofthestudysituationhasaprobabilityofoccurrenceassociatedwithitthatmustbeconsidered.ErgonomicsErgonomicspreviouslycalledhuman factors,isAsubdisciplineofindus

48、trialengineering,closelyassociatedwithbothindustrialandexperimentpsychology.Human-machinesystemdesign:PhysiologicalaspectsofhumanperformancePsychologicalaspectsofhumanactivitiesHumaninterfacewiththeworldofworkManufacturingEngineeringManufacturingEngineeringmaybedefinedasdesigningtheproductionprocess

49、foraproduct.Industrialengineeringandmanufacturingengineeringaredistinctandtypicalcomplementaryfunctionsinamanufacturingorganization.Mostfirmsneedbothfunctionsrepresentedintheirorganizationstobetrulyeffective.Ifonetriestosubstituteonefunctionfortheother,thefunctionomittedtypicallyrepresentsaweaknessi

50、nthatmanufacturingorganizationthatwilllikelylimittheoverallcapacityofthetechnicaleffortinthatorganization.ManufacturingEngineeringAtypicalmanufacturingengineeringdepartmentiscomposedofnumeroustechnicalprofessionals(mechanicalengineers,thermodynamicists,materialengineers,computerscientists,etc.).Each