上海高考英语语法复习时态和语态.pptx

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1、上海高考英语语法复习时态和语态上海高考英语语法复习时态和语态动词主动态形式：(以write为例)过去过去现在现在将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进完成进行行第1页/共36页动词主动态形式：(以write为例)过去过去现在现在将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般wrotewrite/writeswill writewould write进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行第2页/共36页动词主动态形式：(以write为例)过去过去现在现在将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般wrotewrite/writeswill writewould write进行进行was/were writing

2、am/is/are writingwill be writingwould be writing完成完成完成进行完成进行第3页/共36页动词主动态形式：(以write为例)过去过去现在现在将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般wrotewrite/writeswill writewould write进行进行was/were writingam/is/are writingwill be writingwould be writing完成完成had writtenhave/has writtenwill have writtenwould have written完成进行完成进行第4页/共36页动词

3、主动态形式：(以write为例)过去过去现在现在将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般wrotewrite/writeswill writewould write进行进行was/were writingam/is/are writingwill be writingwould be writing完成完成had writtenhave/has writtenwill have writtenwould have written完成进行完成进行had been writinghave/has been writingwill have been writingwould have been writi

4、ng第5页/共36页一般过去时：一般过去时：We We didnt havedidnt have any land any land at that timeat that time.过去某一特定时间所发生的事过去某一特定时间所发生的事过去某一特定时间所发生的事过去某一特定时间所发生的事Lu Xun Lu Xun waswas a great writer.a great writer.已故之人的行为已故之人的行为已故之人的行为已故之人的行为It It waswas a pity that you a pity that you didnt godidnt go to the lecture.

5、to the lecture.从从从从实际语境实际语境实际语境实际语境中可以判断是过去发生的中可以判断是过去发生的中可以判断是过去发生的中可以判断是过去发生的常用时间状语：常用时间状语：常用时间状语：常用时间状语：yesterday(morning),last(night),(a yesterday(morning),last(night),(a week)ago,that(day),the day before week)ago,that(day),the day before yesterday,the year before last,in the past,the yesterday,

6、the year before last,in the past,the other day,just now,this morning other day,just now,this morning 第6页/共36页过去进行时过去进行时What were you doing from six to eight yesterday evening?表示表示过去的某个时间点或时间段内过去的某个时间点或时间段内正在发生正在发生的动作的动作We were cleaning the house when they arrived.从上下文的从上下文的语境语境进行判断进行判断 第7页/共36页将来进行时

7、将来进行时This time next week we will be working in that factory.表示表示将来的某个时间点或时间段将来的某个时间点或时间段正在发生的正在发生的动作。动作。第8页/共36页一般现在时Lights Lights travelstravels faster than sounds.faster than sounds.客观真理客观真理客观真理客观真理He He lovesloves sports.sports.事实描述事实描述事实描述事实描述They They walkwalk to work to work every dayevery day

8、.经常性的动作经常性的动作经常性的动作经常性的动作TellTell her the good news when she her the good news when she comescomes.祈使句；主将从现的从句祈使句；主将从现的从句祈使句；主将从现的从句祈使句；主将从现的从句常用时间状语常用时间状语常用时间状语常用时间状语：every(day),usually,often,sometimes,seldom,once a dayevery(day),usually,often,sometimes,seldom,once a day第9页/共36页现在进行时：Look!A woman w

9、ith two children is coming up to us.He is playing football now.表示现在正在做的动作。表示现在正在做的动作。常用时间状语常用时间状语：now,at the moment,at present,always,all the time常见标志词常见标志词：look,listen第10页/共36页注意！The girl is always asking the same question.进行时和进行时和always,all the time连连用，表示用，表示说话人抱怨或赞叹的说话人抱怨或赞叹的情绪，带感情色彩。情绪，带感情色彩。She

10、 is leaving for Nanjing tomorrow morning.表示表示来往动作的动词来往动作的动词可用可用进行进行时时表示将要发生的动作。表示将要发生的动作。eg:come,go,arrive,leave,start,fly第11页/共36页注意！表示表示表示表示“感官，心理活动，状态，从属感官，心理活动，状态，从属感官，心理活动，状态，从属感官，心理活动，状态，从属”的动词的动词的动词的动词不不不不用进行时用进行时用进行时用进行时。感官：感官：感官：感官：sound,smell,taste,feel,look,see,hear,sound,smell,taste,feel

11、,look,see,hear,notice,appear,seemnotice,appear,seem心理活动：心理活动：心理活动：心理活动：hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive,understand,know,realize,prefer,refuse,forgive,understand,know,realize,believe,think,doubt,forget,rememberbelieve,think,doubt,forget,remember状态：状态：状

12、态：状态：be,exist,remain,stay,obtain,gain,getbe,exist,remain,stay,obtain,gain,get从属：从属：从属：从属：have,possess,own,contain,belong to,have,possess,own,contain,belong to,consist ofconsist of第12页/共36页一般将来时：I I will/shall arrivewill/shall arrive tomorrowtomorrow.将来某个时间点要做的事将来某个时间点要做的事将来某个时间点要做的事将来某个时间点要做的事 I I w

13、ill letwill let you know when I finish.you know when I finish.主将从现的主句主将从现的主句主将从现的主句主将从现的主句 Hurry up,or you Hurry up,or you will bewill be late.late.祈使句后面跟的并列句祈使句后面跟的并列句祈使句后面跟的并列句祈使句后面跟的并列句 常用时间状语：常用时间状语：常用时间状语：常用时间状语：tomorrow(morning),next(year),in(a week),the day after tomorrow(morning),next(year),

14、in(a week),the day after tomorrow,in the future,in a minute,before long,at once,soon,tomorrow,in the future,in a minute,before long,at once,soon,right away,right now,right off,presentlyright away,right now,right off,presently第13页/共36页注意!will do/shall do 将要发生的动作或状态。be going to do 打算；自然现象表明。be to do 按

15、计划必须要做的事。be about to do 刚要做某件事。第14页/共36页现在完成时：The city has taken on a new look.How many pages have you covered?到现在为止已发生的动作。到现在为止已发生的动作。常用时间状语：常用时间状语：already,yet,never,ever,since,for(some time),recently,lately,so far,by now,up till now,to this day,in the past 10 years,for the last few days,before第15页

16、/共36页注意!瞬间动词瞬间动词不能和不能和for(some time)for(some time)连用连用：become-become-die-die-leave-leave-return-return-marry-marry-get up-get up-borrow-borrow-join the army-join the army-bebebe deadbe deadbe awaybe awaybe backbe backbe marriedbe marriedbe upbe upkeepkeepserve in the armyserve in the army第16页/共36页现在

17、完成进行时I have been writing letters all the morning.表示过去某一时刻开始的动作且状态表示过去某一时刻开始的动作且状态一直一直延续到现在延续到现在。常用时间状语常用时间状语：all the morning,all day long,all night long,all the year round.第17页/共36页过去完成时：When we got to the station,the train had left.The task was much harder than we had expected.以以过去某个时间点过去某个时间点作参照，在

18、作参照，在这之前已发生的动作。（过去这之前已发生的动作。（过去的过去）的过去）第18页/共36页过去将来时：She felt sorry and said she would make an apology to you.Without your help,I wouldnt succeed now.以以过去某个时间点过去某个时间点作参照，将来要做的动作参照，将来要做的动作。常用于作。常用于间接引语间接引语和和虚拟句虚拟句中。中。第19页/共36页有固定时态用法的几种情况：by the end of/by the time by the end of/by the time 后跟后跟后跟后跟过

19、去过去过去过去时间，主句时间，主句时间，主句时间，主句过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时。by the end of/by the time by the end of/by the time 后跟后跟后跟后跟将来将来将来将来时间或时间或时间或时间或一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时，主句，主句，主句，主句将来完成时将来完成时将来完成时将来完成时。Hardly/Scarcelywhen,No soonerthan Hardly/Scarcelywhen,No soonerthan 主句主句主句主句过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时，从句从句从句从句一般一般一般一般过去时过去时

20、过去时过去时。hope,expect,intend,mean,want,plan hope,expect,intend,mean,want,plan 用过去完成时表示用过去完成时表示用过去完成时表示用过去完成时表示没有实现的愿望，没有实现的愿望，没有实现的愿望，没有实现的愿望，打算或意图打算或意图打算或意图打算或意图。例：例：例：例：I I had hopedhad hoped that I could pass the driving test,but I failed again.that I could pass the driving test,but I failed again.I

21、t is the first/second/third time that+It is the first/second/third time that+现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时It was the first/second/third time that+It was the first/second/third time that+过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时第20页/共36页It is(high)time that+It is(high)time that+did/should dodid/should dowould rather(that)would ra

22、ther(that)sb+did/had donesb+did/had done 过去时表过去时表过去时表过去时表示示示示现在或将来的愿望现在或将来的愿望现在或将来的愿望现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时表示；过去完成时表示；过去完成时表示；过去完成时表示过去的过去的过去的过去的愿望愿望愿望愿望have/has donesincedidhave/has donesincedid主句主句主句主句现在完成现在完成现在完成现在完成时时时时,从句从句从句从句过去时过去时过去时过去时It is/has been+It is/has been+一段时间一段时间一段时间一段时间sincedidsincedid从句

23、从句从句从句过去过去过去过去时时时时It will be+It will be+一段时间一段时间一段时间一段时间beforedo/doesbeforedo/does从句从句从句从句现现现现在时在时在时在时It was+It was+一段时间一段时间一段时间一段时间beforedidbeforedid从句从句从句从句过去时过去时过去时过去时有固定时态用法的几种情况：第21页/共36页容易混淆时态的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时与一般过去时The restaurant has been closed down.The restaurant was closed down yesterday

24、.现在完成时现在完成时强调过去发生的动作强调过去发生的动作对现在的对现在的影响影响，一般过去时，一般过去时发生的动作发生的动作与现在没有与现在没有联系联系。第22页/共36页现在完成进行时与现在完成时 They have been repairing cars.他们一直在他们一直在修汽车。修汽车。They have repaired several cars.他们已修他们已修了几辆汽车。了几辆汽车。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时强调动作的强调动作的不间断性不间断性，当，当与与for+some time连用时可以与现在完成时连用时可以与现在完成时互换使用。互换使用。第23页/共36页过去过去现在现

25、在将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般进行进行完成完成动词被动态形式第24页/共36页过去过去现在现在将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般was/were doneam/is/are done will be donewould be done进行进行完成完成动词被动态形式第25页/共36页过去过去现在现在将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般was/were doneam/is/are done will be donewould be done进行进行was/were being doneam/is/are being done/完成完成动词被动态形式第26页/共36页过去过去现在现在将来将来过去将来过

26、去将来一般一般was/were doneam/is/are done will be donewould be done进行进行was/were being doneam/is/are being done/完成完成had been donehave/has been donewill have been donewould have been done动词被动态形式第27页/共36页1.(1.(人们人们人们人们)普遍认为普遍认为普遍认为普遍认为2.2.据说据说据说据说 3.3.据报道据报道据报道据报道4.4.众所周知众所周知众所周知众所周知5.5.必须指出必须指出必须指出必须指出It is

27、generally believed thatIt is generally believed that,It is,It is generally considered that,It is generally considered that,It is universally acknowledged thatuniversally acknowledged thatIt is said thatIt is said thatIt is reported thatIt is reported thatIt is well known thatIt is well known thatIt

28、must be pointed out thatIt must be pointed out that汉语句子汉语句子汉语句子汉语句子没有明确主语没有明确主语没有明确主语没有明确主语时，在英语中一般用被动结构表示时，在英语中一般用被动结构表示时，在英语中一般用被动结构表示时，在英语中一般用被动结构表示 第28页/共36页不同形式的被动语态的转换1.含有直宾和间宾的句子含有直宾和间宾的句子He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him.Aunt made

29、me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dress was made for me by aunt.第29页/共36页2.2.含有复合宾语的句子含有复合宾语的句子含有复合宾语的句子含有复合宾语的句子They call her Mary.They call her Mary.She is called Mary.She is called Mary.He left the door open.He left the door open.The door was left open by him.The door was left o

30、pen by him.My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young.young.注意：注意：注意：注意：make,have,hear,watch,se

31、e,feel,noticemake,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice等动词变为被动，等动词变为被动，等动词变为被动，等动词变为被动，必须必须必须必须还原还原还原还原toto第30页/共36页3.情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态They can not find him.He can not be found.You must pay me for this.I must be paid for this.He can repair your watch.Your watch can be repaired.第31页/共36页4.4.短语动词的被动语态短语动词的

32、被动语态They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.They will set up a new public school here.A new public school will be set up here.第32页/共36页主动形式表被动含义 1.The door wont open.1.The door wont open.The pen writes smoothly.The pen write

33、s smoothly.This set of books sells well.This set of books sells well.表示表示表示表示主语的性质主语的性质主语的性质主语的性质时，必须用主动态时，必须用主动态时，必须用主动态时，必须用主动态2.2.不定式不定式不定式不定式to blame,to letto blame,to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表（出租）作表语时，主动形式表（出租）作表语时，主动形式表（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义被动含义被动含义被动含义3.need,want,require doing=need,want,require 3.need,wa

34、nt,require doing=need,want,require to be doneto be done4.deserve doing=deserve 4.deserve doing=deserve to be doneto be done5.be worth doing 5.be worth doing 主动形式表主动形式表主动形式表主动形式表被动含义被动含义被动含义被动含义第33页/共36页不用被动的情况 1.谓语动词为谓语动词为不及物动词或短语不及物动词或短语时，无被动。时，无被动。例：例：benefit,cost,last,lack,fail,happen,occur,take place,belong to,break out,consist of,come true,go/come/get/run构成构成的词组，以及表示的词组，以及表示“感官，心理活动，状感官，心理活动，状态，从属态，从属”的动词等等。的动词等等。第34页/共36页强调人为因素时才用被动语态的动词：强调人为因素时才用被动语态的动词：change,develop,hang,improve,prove,open The theory proved to be true.The theory was proved by the scientist.第35页/共36页感谢您的观看。第36页/共36页