06Chapter-6-cognition-语言学概论-教学课件.ppt
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1、Chapter SixLanguage and Cognition11.What is Cognition?n nMental processes,Mental processes,information processinginformation processingn nMental process or faculty of Mental process or faculty of knowing,including knowing,including awarenessawareness(意识(意识(意识(意识),perception perception(直觉)(直觉)(直觉)(直觉
2、),reasoning reasoning(推理)(推理)(推理)(推理),and,and judgment judgment(判断)(判断)(判断)(判断).2n nThe formal approach:structural patterns,including the study of morphological,syntactic,and lexical structure.n nThe psychological approach:language from the view of general systems ranging from perception,memory,atte
3、ntion,and reasoning.n nThe conceptual approach:how language structures(processes&patterns)conceptual content.32.Psycholinguisticsn nPsychological aspects of language.n nPsychological states and mental activity with the use of language.n nLanguage acquisition,language production&comprehension.4n nLan
4、guage acquisition(L1/L2)n nLanguage comprehensionn nLanguage productionn nLanguage disordersn nLanguage and Thoughtn nNeurocognitionSix subjects of research62.1 Language Acquisitionn nHolophrastic stage(单词句阶段):(单词句阶段):(单词句阶段):(单词句阶段):Shortly Shortly before their first birthday and lasting from two b
5、efore their first birthday and lasting from two months to a year.months to a year.n nLanguages sound patternsLanguages sound patternsn nPhonetic distinctions in parents language.Phonetic distinctions in parents language.n nOne-word stage:objects,actions,motions,One-word stage:objects,actions,motions
6、,routines.routines.7Two-word stage:around 18mChild utteranceChild utterance Mature speakerMature speakerPurposePurposeWant cookieWant cookieI want a cookieI want a cookieRequestRequestMore milkMore milkI want some more milkI want some more milkReReq qu uestestJoe seeJoe seeI(Joe)see youI(Joe)see you
7、InformingInformingMy cupMy cupThis is my cupThis is my cupWarningWarningMommy chairMommy chairThis chair belongs to MThis chair belongs to MWaWar rn ningingBig boyBig boyI am a big boyI am a big boyBraggingBraggingRed carRed carThat car is redThat car is redNamingNamingThat carThat carThat is a carT
8、hat is a carNaNammi ingng8n nThree-word-utterance stagen nGive doggie paper.Give doggie paper.n nPut truck window.Put truck window.n nTractor go floor.Tractor go floor.10Fluent grammatical conversation stagen nEmbed one constituent inside another:n nGive doggie paper.Give doggie paper.n nGive big do
9、ggie paper.Give big doggie paper.n nUse more function words:missing function words and inflection in the beginning but good use(90%)by the age of 3,with a full range of sentence types.n nAll parts of all language are acquired before the child turns four.11Garden path sentences 19701970年年年年,心理语言学家心理语
10、言学家心理语言学家心理语言学家T.G.Bever T.G.Bever 在在在在 The cognitive basis for The cognitive basis for linguistic structureslinguistic structures一文中指出一文中指出一文中指出一文中指出,在英语中存在一种叫做花园幽径在英语中存在一种叫做花园幽径在英语中存在一种叫做花园幽径在英语中存在一种叫做花园幽径句句句句 (garden path sentence or GP sentences)(garden path sentence or GP sentences)的特别句子,例如的特别句
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