过去分词的用法讲解.pptx

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1、现在分词现在分词形式形式过去分词过去分词形式形式一般式一般式一般式一般式doingdoingdonedone完成式完成式完成式完成式havingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone现在分词现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成表示动作是被动的和完成分词在句中可以作分词在句中可以作表语表语、定语定语、宾语补足宾语补足语和状语语和状语。第1页/共50页1.及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。(1)The cup is broken.茶杯

2、破了。2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。(2)He is retired.他已退休。3.有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。(3)The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山。q过去分词作表语第2页/共50页【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）

3、(2)The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing 形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用-ing 形式来修饰物。(3)The book is interesting and Im interested in it.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。第3页/共50页q过去分词作定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只

4、表完成。1.过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。2.过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。第4页/共50页3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。(1)The meeting,attended by over five

5、thousand people,welcomed the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。第5页/共50页q 过去分词作状语 1.过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。(1)Written in a hurry,this article was not so good!因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。【注意】written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。(2)Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。第6页/共50页2.过去分词作

6、状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。(1)Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。（given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I，即 I 被再给一个小时。）(2)Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.从 山 顶 看 城 市，城 市 显 得 更 漂 亮。（seen 为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。）第7页/共

7、50页 3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。(1)Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are gro

8、wn in rich soil.第8页/共50页 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状语,如when，while等。例如：When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。4.过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。He stood there silently,moved to tears.=Moved to tears,he sto

9、od there silently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。第9页/共50页表示时间Seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fogWhen it is seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fog从山顶上看，我们的城市看起来像被雾气笼罩了。Once published，the dictionary will be very popularOnce it is published，the dictionary w

10、ill be very popular一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。第10页/共50页拓展:有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，如when，while等。例如：When completed，this railway will link many industrial cities to a seaport这条铁路建成后，将把许多工业城市和一个海港连接起来。When told to go to the teachers office，the girl began to cry当被告知去老师办公室时，这女孩开始哭起来。第11页/共50页表示原因:Tired out by hard

11、 work，he soon fell asleepSince he was tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleep由于干重活疲劳至极，他很快就睡着了。第12页/共50页表示条件:Given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much betterIf we had been given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much better 要是我们有更多的时间，我们肯定会把工作完成得更好些。Beaten by

12、the opposite team，the players were not discouragedThough they were beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气。第13页/共50页表示伴随:The professor sat there，surrounded by a lot of students教授坐在那里，许多学生围着他。He came back，utterly exhausted他回来时疲惫不堪。第14页/共50页q 过去分词作宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾

13、补的动词有以下三类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等。(1)I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；）(2)He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大。（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found）第15页/共50页2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)

14、Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。(2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Dont leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。第16页/共50页（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。(1)He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：(2)He had his leg broken

15、.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）第17页/共50页q“with宾语过去分词”结构“with宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）(4)Sh

16、estoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。第18页/共50页1_time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven2_in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.ABeingfoundedBItwasfoundedCFoundedD

17、Founding3Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvitedDCA第19页/共50页4_,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.AHehadbeentoldmanytimesBHavingbeentoldmanytimesCToldmanytimesDAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes5Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.Ai

18、ntroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroducedAB第20页/共50页6Thereseemedtobenothing_todobut_forthedoctor.Aleave/sendBleft/tosendCleft/sendDleaving/send7_everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_themselves.AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohideCHunted/hidingDHunted/tohideCD作介词but,expect,besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 do时，不定式通常省去to

19、 第21页/共50页 8.The _ morning,the father came into the lonely house,_ by his naughty boy.A.following,following B.followed,followedC.following,followed D.followed,following9.Mrs.White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery.A.looked;taken B.

20、looking;takenC.looked;took D.looking;takingCB第22页/共50页10.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tiedC.to be tied D.tied11._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To giveC.Giving D.Having givenDA第23页/共50页1.TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,did

21、ntincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考点点拨考点点拨第24页/共50页简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语;再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词play来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。第25页/共50页2.Whatsthelanguage_inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词

22、作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichisspoken。第26页/共50页3.Mostoftheartists_tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whowereinvited。第27页/共50页4.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opene

23、d简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。第28页/共50页5.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichwerewritten。第29页/共50页例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhish

24、ands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而hishands对于动词tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。第30页/共50页_many times,he still cant understant it.A.Having been told B Having told C.Told D.Telling第31页/共50页1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mi

25、ning Company,_ as 3M.A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，3M3M与与knowknow之间是被动关系，故用过之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。第32页/共50页2.The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.havi

26、ng recorded高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，discdisc与与recordrecord之间是被动关系，故之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。用过去分词表示。第33页/共50页3.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。knowknow与与wordswords，

27、expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。示被动。第34页/共50页4.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语，。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰修饰flowersflowers。smellsmell为系动词，不能用于为系动词，不

28、能用于被动语态，相当于被动语态，相当于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。第35页/共50页Practice1.Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?A.to be held B.having been held C.held D.being held2.Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?A.to be put on B.being put on C.put on D.putting on 3.I borrowed a book _

29、by Mark Twain from the library last week.I like it very much.A.written B.writing C.was written D.to write4.Please dont forget him.He is one of _.A.those invited B.invited those C.those inviting D.inviting thoseCBAA第36页/共50页3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfo

30、llowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB第37页/共50页4.When_intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken第38页/共50页5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun第39页/共50页6.Mr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,star

31、tedtoreadanovel.(03北京春北京春)A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring第40页/共50页9._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01全国夏)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered第41页/共50页10.Before_,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.using11.Pric

32、esofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02京皖春)A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying第42页/共50页12.TheEmperorsNewClothes,isan_text.Allofusare_init.A.exciting;excitingB.excited;excitedC.excited;excitingD.exciting;excited第43页/共50页13.Sheaskedifthereisanything_fortonight.A.toplanB.planne

33、dC.thatplansD.planning第44页/共50页15._thesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand_fromthetopofathirty-storedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen第45页/共50页16._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrigh

34、tlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving第46页/共50页17.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted第47页/共50页20.Ifoundacar_inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick第48页/共50页第49页/共50页感谢您的观看！第50页/共50页