被动语态学习.pptx

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1、主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语谓语宾语被动语态:例：We clean our classroom every day.（主动）注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也也 要用一般现在时。要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词词 byby的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语的宾语，要用宾

2、格。如上例中的主语wewe改为改为usus。主语 by+宾语be+过去分词Our classroom is cleaned by us every day（被动）第1页/共12页被动语态的构成被动语态的构成被动语态由被动语态由助动词助动词be及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词p.p.构成。构成。人称、数人称、数和时态的变化是通过和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的的变化表现出来的。现举例说明被动语态在各种时现举例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。态中的构成。1.一般现在时：一般现在时：amisarep.p.e.g.English is used by many people around t

3、he world every day.2.一般过去时：一般过去时：waswerep.p.e.g.A number of houses were destroyed in the earthquake on May 12.第2页/共12页3.一般将来时：一般将来时：willshall bep.p.e.g.More tall buildings will be built in the future.4.现在进行时：现在进行时：amisare beingp.p.e.g.Many tall buildings are being built in the city now.5.过去进行时：过去进行时

4、：was/were beingp.p.e.g.The work was being done by many people when we arrived.6.现在完成时：现在完成时：havehas beenp.p.e.g.The exercises have already been finished by the students.第3页/共12页7、含有情态动词的被动语态、含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词情态动词(should,can,may,must)be过去过去分词分词p.p.e.g.The trees may be planted in spring.The room must b

5、e kept clean.Your homework can be done at school.Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet.Teenagers should not be allowed to surf the Internet.Should teenagers be allowed to surf the Internet？What should teenagers be allowed to do?第4页/共12页各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态主动语态主动

6、语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3 一般将来时一般将来时will/be going to+动词原形动词原形will/be going to+be+过过去分词去分词4 过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过去分词过去分词5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分过去分词词6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+现在分词现在分词was/were+being+过去分过去分词词7 现在完成时

7、现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8 过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词第5页/共12页归纳总结方法归纳总结方法 把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、”来进 行。即：变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动 语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：Many people speak English.English by many

8、people.He washed his shoes yesterday.His shoes by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed一变 二套三注意第6页/共12页在被动语态中要注意的问题在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面下面我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感观动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：

9、A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.B.I saw him enter the house.He was seen to enter the house by me.C.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.D.We hear h

10、er sing in the room every day.She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，变为被动语态时，时，doingdoing保持不变。如：保持不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动)第7页/共12页使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb do sth

11、sb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sthlet sb do sthsb be let to do sth感观动词see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sthgo第8页/共12页 含有短语的被动语态结构。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。但许多不及物动词加上副

12、词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：A 及物动词+副词 如：turn off、set up、carry out、put off、take away、turn on、hand in、move away、pass on、write down、put away、put on、take down、send away、try on、put down、sell out、hold on、try out、send up、take off、wear out、wake up、take out、dress up、give back、work out、get

13、back、find out、pick up、give up、pull up、put up 等B 不及物动词+介词 如：look after talk about play with等第9页/共12页C.“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语。如：take care of、pay attention to、make use of等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。请看下面的例子：They set up the factory in 2000.The factory was set up in 2000.Our school will put off the Sc

14、hool Sports meeting until December.The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.People have talked about the accident.The accident has been talked about.You should pay more attention to your study this year.Your study should be paid more attention to this year.带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词

15、或副词拆开。第10页/共12页带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用。有些动词可以带两个宾语，即指人的间宾和指物的直宾。可以将其中一个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。Her parents bought her a new computer yesterday.She was bought a new computer yesterday.A new computer was bought for her yesterday.They have given me some good advice.I have been given some good advice.Some good advice has been given to me.She will write a long letter to David Smith.A long letter will be written to David Smith.David Smith will be written a long letter.buy sth for sbgive sth to sb第11页/共12页感谢您的观看。第12页/共12页