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1、1.谓语动词:概述:概述:2.非谓语词:非谓语词:在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词讲解一:谓语动词与非谓语动词判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法1.She got off the bus,She got off the bus,_ _(leave)(leave)her handbag on her seat.her handbag on her seat.2.She got off the bus,She got off the bus,butbut _ _(leave)(leave)her handbag on her seat.her handb
2、ag on her seat.leavingleft第1页/共49页非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子一个句子一个句子当中,当中,当中,当中,已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句主句主句(谓语动词)(谓语动词)(谓语动词)(谓语动词),又没有又没有又没有又没有连词连词连词连词的情况下的情况下的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。1.Themantookoutthekey,_(open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthe
3、re,_(read)abook.3._(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.5._(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.openedreadingWork discussedTo improve 第2页/共49页非谓语非谓语不定式(to do)分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)v-ingv-ed非谓语动词讲解二:构成第3页
4、/共49页动词不定式的基本形式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式todotodotobedonetobedonetohavedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendonetobedoingtobedoing 由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成有时为了强调也可用never第4页/共49页 不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法 1.不不定定式式的的动动作作与与谓谓语语动动词词同同时时发发生生时时,或或之之后后发发生生,用用一一般般时时态态 1)He wanted _(see
5、)you.2)I hope _(see)you again.toseeto seeto be readingtohavewrittentohavebeenworkingtohavebeenworking4.强调动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,并可能持续下去时,用完成进行式Sheissaid(work)ontheproblemformanyyears.3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时Heissaid_(write)anovellastyear.2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretended(read)abook.第5页/共49
6、页分词的基本形式被动语态完成式主动语态一般式过去分词现在分词doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonedone及物动词(do)不及物动词(go)主动语态havinggonegonegoing第6页/共49页3)否定形式“not+分词”。Nothavingfoundherchild,themotherwasveryworried.注意1)现在分词一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或此时正在进行的行为;完成式(having+过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。Seeingfromhere,wecanhaveagoodviewoftheBird
7、sNest.Havingfinishedthelessons,allthestudentswentbackhome.2)过去分词表示在谓语动词的动作之前发生,本身表示被动含义,没有完成式。第7页/共49页非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语动词讲解三:句法作用 第8页/共49页动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarn
8、edthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语 宾语表语 定语 状语 宾补第9页/共49页动词不定式动词不定式动词动词-ing形式形式动词过去分词动词过去分词一般式一般式tododoingdone一般被动式一般被动式tobedonebeingdone完成式完成式tohavedonehavingdone完成被动式完成被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendone进行式进行式tobedoing完成进行式完成进行式tohavebeendoing非谓语动词的形式(以do为例)第10页/共49页1.Tomreturnedfromth
9、emanagersoffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.Themantalkingwithmyfat
10、herisMr.Wang.7.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowersboughtbyhermother.8.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词(含短语)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词(含短语)第11页/共49页下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤第12页/共49页一.非谓语动词的七大经典原则第13页/共49页原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则二:用
11、作伴随状语,原则上要用现在分词原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用-ing,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作已经发生,同时表示被动意义英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则第14页/共49页原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesai
12、dhewassentthere_foraspaceflight.(2007江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的,所以要用不定式,因此可排除A和B。另外,由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系,故选D。如:Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._thiscake,youllneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006广东卷)A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making tocatchup
13、thefirstbus.第15页/共49页3.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(2007湖南卷)A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved4.Hesat_toher_thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的,所以用-ing作伴随状语;listento后跟不带to的不
14、定式/-ing作宾补。【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系,且表示当时持续了一会儿,故用-ing。句意为:当信号灯变绿时,我站在那儿一会儿没动,心想自己该怎么办。原则二:原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用用作伴随状语,原则上要用-ing.-ing.listentodo/doing 第16页/共49页inging形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to doto do作目的状语的区别:作目的状语的区别:作伴随状语的作伴随状语的inging形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在谓语动词的
15、动作后发生谓语动词的动作后发生,且且前面不能用逗号前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,_thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher(hope)2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_onabigrock(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,_alongspeech.(prepare)4._warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)preparingtoresthopingTokeep,第17页/
16、共49页原则三:用作结果状语时,可用原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing-ing或不定式,其原则区别是,或不定式,其原则区别是,一般用一般用-ing-ing,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。意料之中。不定式不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,_inthenaturallightduringtheday.(2007天津卷)A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havin
17、glet【解析此处用-ing表示自然而然的结果。如:Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatplace.6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.(2005山东卷)山东卷)A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching第18页/共49页8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(2006
18、陕西卷)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told7.Hehurriedtothestation,only_thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东卷)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的结果。第19页/共49页练一练:ThecaptaingotmetobelievethatthewaterwassowarmsoIwentoffintothePacifictoswimashoretoanisland,only_(discover)hisideaofwarmwasntqui
19、tethesameasmine.Helefthishometown20yearsago,never_(see)again.Helefthishometown20yearsago,never_(return)tobeseentoreturntodiscover扩展:S+V+,+never todosth/tobedone某人做从未/再也不/不被第20页/共49页原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用式;如果所涉
20、及的动作正在进行,则用-ing-ing的被动式的被动式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(2007浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard【解析】根据句意,此处指的是“被听见”,故要用被动式,因此可排除B和C。另外,由于“设法被听见”为目的状语,动作在当时尚未发生,故用不定式,即选A。第21页/共49页11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_atthebackoftheclassroomwith
21、hiseyes_uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】of后应接-ing,desks与openandclose之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,又因couldbeheard,所以选-ing的被动
22、式表正在被进行的动作。of astrangerhiseyessittingseat vt.fixoneseyesupon=I was seated.I seated myself.=I sat down第22页/共49页原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000,_.(2006陕西卷)A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anext
23、rajobhasbeengiventoJohn13.Whilewatchingtelevision,_.(2005全国卷III)A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringswatchingfacedwith(be)facedwith第23页/共49页原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式)14._fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanypla
24、ntsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.(2005湖北卷)A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated 15.Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.(2005江西卷)A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.makinglefthas第24页/共49页16.LiMingissaid_abroad.Doyouknowwhatcou
25、ntryYes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavestudyinghestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?CABisSbissaidtodo据说第25页/共49页原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用用-ing-ing,表示动作正在进行,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscien
26、tistsattendingthemeeting_thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGoghspaintings.(2006上海卷)A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait themeetingthedayaftertomorrowvisitors第26页/共49页19.“Things_nevercomeagain!”Icouldnthelptalkingtomyself
27、.(2007湖南卷)A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost20.Thelastone_paysthemeal.Agreed!(2007全国I)A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arrivingThingsThelastonelose vt.losesb/sth注:受thefirst,thesecond.thelast修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。练一练:你是第二个犯这错误的人。Youarethesecondtomakethemistake.第27页/共49页Translate the following sentences int
28、o English.1.这是一个已经讨论了的问题。2.这是一个正在讨论的问题。3.这是一个将要讨论的问题。Thisisaproblemdiscussed.(已经完成的被动动作)Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.(正在进行的被动动作)Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.(将要进行的被动动作)discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed已经正在将要第28页/共49页原则一:用作目的状语,原则二:用作伴随状语,原则三:用作结果状语,原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,
29、原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则一:用作目的状语,原则上用不定式.原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上用-ing.原则三:用作结果状语,可用-ing/todo,原则区别是:-ing表示一定逻辑的结果,todo表示非逻辑的结果。原则四:凡是有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。如果动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动形式;如果动作正在进行,则用-ing的被动形式。原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,原则上要用完成式(-ing的完成式或不定式的完成式)原则七:用于名词后作定语,原则是:不定式表示动作尚未发生;-ing表示动作正在进行:过去分词表示
30、动作完成,被动。第29页/共49页二.非谓语动词解题四大步骤第30页/共49页(一)分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldC_A注意连词第31页/共49页3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._arainyday;wedec
31、idednottogothere.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意标点符号第32页/共49页 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。(二)找逻辑主语(二)找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from So
32、uth Africa.4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he told his colleagues about it.一一般来说,作般来说,作状语状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语;语;作作宾补宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语;的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语;作作定语定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。第33页/共49页A.totakeB.takingC.tobetakenD.takenDB1._everythingintoconsideration,theyoughttoha
33、veanotherchance.2.Everything_intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.Everythingthey第34页/共49页(三)分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1.“Youcantcatchme!”Janeshouted,_away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.
34、LostC.BeinglostD.LosingJane thetwostudents第35页/共49页(四)(四)分析时态分析时态1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C_B_D第36页/共49页二.找逻辑主语三、分析语态四、分析时态一.辨别“谓与非谓”三.非谓
35、语动词解题步骤方法总结:谓非谓,找主语,析语态,定时态第37页/共49页Practice第38页/共49页从高考试题看非谓语动词考查方向从高考试题看非谓语动词考查方向考点一:考查非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别。考点一:考查非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别。07年年1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_31_(1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_31_(breakbreak)downneararemoteand)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.poorvillage.2.Whileshewasgettingme_34_(2.Whileshe
36、wasgettingme_34_(settlesettle)intoatinybutcleanroom,)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoatheheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.smalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.brokesettled第39
37、页/共49页0808年年 1.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop_32_(help)it1.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop_32_(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.grow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.2.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_40_(result)2.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_40_(result)inthecont
38、rarytoourintention.inthecontrarytoourintention.tohelpresults第40页/共49页0909年年1.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_32_1.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_32_(pleaseplease)ashermotherashermother,whowasalwayswhowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.delightedwithperfume.2.Besides2.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearshoppingatthisti
39、meoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_34_onyourfeetor_34_(pushpush)youwithyouwiththeirelbowstheirelbows(肘部),(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettohurryingaheadtogettoabargain.abargain.3.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasat3.Hermotherwasexcited.“Your
40、fatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_40_lastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_40_(inform).inform).topleasepushedwasinformed第41页/共49页1010年年1.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoung1.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_33_(present)thewatertotheoldman_33_(present)thewatertotheoldman.man.2.Afterthestudentleft,thetea
41、cherlet2.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,anotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,_37_(say)itwasawful._37_(say)itwasawful.1111年年Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedamanandthenInoticedaman1818(sit)atthe(sit)a
42、tthefront.Hefront.He1919(pretend)thatatigertoywas(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.realandgivingitavoice.presentedsayingsitting/sitwaspretending第42页/共49页考点二:考查非谓语动词作定语。例2(2011年高考湖南卷)21.Theability_(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.例3(2011年高考湖南卷)23.Theplayers_(select)fromthewhol
43、ecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.例4(2011年高考山东卷)27.Lookovertheretheresaverylong,windingpath_(lead)uptothehouse.toexpress总结:当先行词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语来修饰,常见的抽象名词有:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。selectedleading第43页/共49页Heisthefirstm
44、an_(set)footonthemoon.第44页/共49页考点三:考查非谓语动词作状语。例5(2011年高考重庆卷)29.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced_(raise)peoplesconcernoverfoodsafety.例6(2011年高考湖南卷)29.Doyouwakeupeverymorning_(feel)energeticandreadytostartanewday?例7(2011年高考四川卷)16._(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgo
45、tachancetobecomefamous.toraisefeeingOffered第45页/共49页考点四:考查非谓语动词作补足语。高考卷中对于宾补的考查主要集中在keep,make,find,have,permit等动词带宾补的用法上,如:例10(2011年高考重庆卷)33.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_(remind)ofhisowndreams.例12(2011年高考福建卷)27.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable_.+周测findremindedtohold第46页/共49页考点五:考查非谓语动词作主、宾、表语。非谓语动词作主、宾、表主要适用于不定式和动名词(-ing)。例14(2011年高考四川卷)2.Lydiadoesntfeellike_(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.例15(2011年高考上海卷)27.Itsnouse_withouttakingaction.(主语)studyingcomplaining第47页/共49页Thank you!第48页/共49页感谢您的观看!第49页/共49页
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