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1、精英考研英语翻译讲座 第九讲正反交替相得益彰第九讲正反交替相得益彰 考题实例:Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(2002)字面翻译:直到这些问题被解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续被排斥,解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。(如果)这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。精英考研英语翻
2、译讲座英语中的否定按语言学家们的划分大致上有4类:完全否定(带no的词语,如nothing,none等)半否定(hardly,scarcely等)部分否定(not all,not every等)带否定意义的词语(fail,without等)翻译时一般情况下可以对号入座。不过也并非见到yes便是“是”,no便是“不”,有很多情况需要根据具体问题酌情处理,譬如这样一例:A:“I dont think he saw us.”B:“Yes,he did.”精英考研英语翻译讲座 英译汉的正反交替的一般处理方法1.英语为肯定式,汉语译作否定式有时候,照字面译出来会造成文句不通顺,因此需要正说反译。譬如:P
3、lease keep the fire burning我们一般不说“请保持火燃烧”,而是译作“别让火灭了。”这种方法可广泛用于各种词类、短语、甚至句子的翻译上,如:1)It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.(prep.)他无权签订这种合同。(介词beyond由“超过”之意转译为“无”)2)Time is what we want most,but what,alas,many use worst.(adv.)时间是我们最缺少的,但可叹之至,偏偏许多人最不善于利用。(副词worst由“最糟”之意转译为“最不善于”)精英考研英语翻译讲座3)
4、I have read your article.I expect to meet an older man.(adj.)拜读了你的大作,没想到你这样年轻。(形容词older由“较年长”之意转译为“没想到”)4)The guerrillas would rather fight to death before they surrendered.(conj.)游击队员们宁愿战斗到死而决不投降。(连词before由“之前”转译为“决不”)5)I dropped medicine and took up physics我不再学医,改学物理了。(动词dropped由“掉下”之意转译为“不再学”)6)T
5、he mother said she would let off her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper母亲说,如果她儿子晚饭前能做完作业,就不让他刷碗了。(动词短语let off由“放开”之意转译为“不让”)7)He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the boy他没脱衣服就跳进水里救出了孩子。(状语fully clothed由“全身衣着”之意转译为“没脱衣服”)精英考研英语翻译讲座2 英语为否定式,汉语译作肯定式其交替转
6、换的情况和前者类似,有时需要反说正译,主要也是从便于表达考虑。1)Dont lose time in posting this letter.赶快把这封信寄出去。(不要丧失赶快)2)Some people can eat what they like and get no fatter有些人爱吃什么就吃什么,照样瘦。(不长胖照样瘦)3)He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business.(noun)他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。(不喜欢厌恶)4)Such flight couldnt long escape notice.这类飞
7、行迟早会被人发觉的。(不能长期赶快)5)The post office is at the next corner,you cant miss it邮局就在下个路口,你会找到的。(不会错过会找到)精英考研英语翻译讲座3同一词语,既可译作肯定式,又可译作否定式这类情况需根据上下文,视情况的需要,取其相应的含义。1)Im new to the work.这工作我是生手。(这工作我不熟悉。)2)He is free with his money.他花钱大手大脚。(他花钱从不吝啬。)3)He realized that he was in trouble.他意识到遇到麻烦了。(他感到自己的处境不妙。精
8、英考研英语翻译讲座4)The station is no distance at all.车站近在咫尺。(车站一点儿也不远。)5)Its no less than a fraud.这简直是一场骗局。(这无异于一场骗局。)6)The works of art were left intact,the money gone.艺术品还在,钱却不翼而飞。(艺术品原封未动,钱却不翼而飞。)7)The criminal is still at large.(phrase)罪犯还未捉拿归案。(罪犯还逍遥法外)精英考研英语翻译讲座4英语中的双重否定结构双重否定一般来说可译作肯定,其道理如两个负数相加为正数一样
9、。不过,它是一种特殊的强调句式。以have to(不得不)为例,两个“不”字去掉之后意思不变,但语气强度就差多了。下面是一些较为典型的双重否定译例。1)There is no rule that has no exception.所有的规则都有例外。(没有不例外的规则。)2)There is not any advantage without disadvantage.有一利必有一弊。3)It never rains but it pours.不雨则已,雨必倾盆。4)It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.人不会不犯错误。
10、(人总会犯错误。精英考研英语翻译讲座5否定的转移英语动词think,believe,suppose,notbecause等否定结构,在译成汉语时,须将否定的部位由句子的前面转移到后面,这就叫做“否定的转移”。如:1)I dont think we need waste much time on this.我想我们不必在这个问题上浪费许多时间。2)She didnt believe that such things mattered much.她认为这种事情无关紧要。3)The engine didnt stop because the fuel was finished.引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽
11、而停止运转。4)Dont scamp(草率地做)your work because you are pressed for time.不要因为时间紧而敷衍工作。精英考研英语翻译讲座6翻译中的否定的陷阱allnot(并非都)1)All that glitters is not gold.发光的不一定都是金子。2)All cities did not look like as they do today.在过去,城市并不都像今天这样个个千篇一律。bothnot(并非两者都)1)But you see,we both cannot go.但是我告诉你,我们俩不能同时都走。2)Both the ins
12、truments are not precision ones.这两件东西不都是精密仪器。精英考研英语翻译讲座cannottoo(怎么也不足以)1)The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated.这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。2)I shall never be able to stress too much for your kindness.不管我怎么感谢你,都不足以报恩于万一。3)You cannot be too careful in proofreading.校对时,越仔细越好。精英考研英语翻译讲座for a
13、ll(尽管;不;说不定)1)He seemed as fresh as ever,for all that I never saw him drink or eat.尽管我从未见到他喝点什么或吃点什么,他似乎仍然精神饱满。2)You may leave at once for all I care.你尽可立即离开,我才不管呢。3)For all we knew,the files we were supposed to photograph were already on their way.说不定那些该由我们去拍摄的文件已在途中。精英考研英语翻译讲座It be+adj.+noun+that(再也会)1)It is a good workman that never blunders.智者千虑,必有一失。(再聪明的工匠也难免出错。)2)It is a long lane that has no end.路必有弯。(再长的胡同也有尽头。)3)It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.坏事未必对人人都有害处。(再坏的事也不是对人人都有害处。)
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