非谓语动词动词-ing之用法精讲ppt课件.pptx

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1、在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么非非 谓谓 语语 动动 词词DOINGDONETODODOINGDONETODO非非谓语动词动名词动名词gerund不定式不定式infinitive分词分词participle非谓语动词非谓语动词1 1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。语以外一切成分。2 2形式形式

2、 不定式不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。语补足语、状语。动名词动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。定语、宾语。分词分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分主语主语定语定语宾语宾语表语表语状语状语宾语补宾语补足语足语不定式不定式 过去过去分词分词 v-ing形式形式 3 3语态：必须搞清逻辑主语语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态

3、。来确定非谓语动词态的语态。在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么现在分词与动名词现在分词与动名词DOINGDOING A A 动词动词-ing-ing形式的一般式形式的一般式 Swimming is her favorite sport.Learning is important to modern life.They went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.（前）He suggest

4、ed taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.（后）B B 动词动词-ing-ing形式的完成式形式的完成式Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.点津坊点津坊Ireallyregrettedmissingsuchanexcitinglecture.=IreallyregrettedhavingmissedsuchanexcitinglectureWerememberedseeingthefilm.(=Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.)时时态态C

5、C 动词动词-ing-ing形式的被动形式形式的被动形式Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Icantstandbeingkeptwaiting.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.语态语态 D D 动词动词-ing-ing形式的否定形式形式的否定形式His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.否定否定 A A 动词动词-ing-ing形式作主语形式作主语Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeisto

6、believe.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.句子成分句子成分必背必背动词动词-ing-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。形式作主语的几个常用句型。ItIt s s no good no good talking to him.It is useless It is useless telephoning him.He is not willing to come.Its worth Its worth making an effort.There is no There is no saying when

7、it will stop raining.There is no joking about such matters.句句型型 B B 动词动词-ing-ing形式作表语形式作表语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possibleThe problem is quite puzzling.1.Herworkis_(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis_(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis_(bite)nails（指甲）（指甲）.C C 动词动词-ing-i

8、ng形式作宾语形式作宾语1 1 能用动词能用动词-ing-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，只能只能用动词用动词-ing-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语，可用动词可用动词-ing-ing形式作形式作宾语宾语,也也可用不定式作宾语可用不定式作宾语。只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词 suggest doing it in a different way.必背必背只只接动词接动词-ing-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有admit承认承认appreciate感激感激avoid避免避免putoff推迟推迟keep保持保持consider考虑考虑

9、delay耽搁耽搁dislike嫌恶嫌恶resist抵制抵制mention提及提及enjoy喜欢喜欢escape避免避免excuse原谅原谅practice练习练习mind介意介意fancy想不到想不到feellike意欲意欲finish完成完成risk冒险冒险include包括包括forgive原谅原谅giveup放弃放弃suggest建议建议miss逃过逃过imagine设想设想cannothelp情不自禁情不自禁只能接动词只能接动词-ing-ing形式作宾语的形式作宾语的动词动词 。1.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_(go)away.2.Practis

10、e_(put)yourhandtotheground.3.Icanthelp_(have)thetriptoBritain.4.Donttellmeyoualwaysescape_(fine)becauseyouhaveafastsportscar.5.Leaveoff_(bite)yournails!6.Hedidntfeellike_(work),sohesuggested_(spend)thedayinthegarden.7.Youcertainlymustntmiss_(see)thewonderfulfilm.8.Thedoctoradvised_(stay)longerinhosp

11、ital.9.Weappreciateyour_(want)_(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed_(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids_(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested_(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine_(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom_(flood).这类动词虽然既能用这类动词虽然既能用-

12、ing-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：有些动词，如attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary.提示提示应尽量避免接连出现应尽量避免接连出现两个动词两个动词-ing-

13、ing形式形式I am starting to learn Russian.避免说：I am starting learning Russian.避免重复避免重复come to docome to do表示一个渐渐发展的过程表示一个渐渐发展的过程Ie come doingdoing表示陪衬性的动作表示陪衬性的动作Itwasalreadytwooclockwhenshecamehurryingin.go on to dogo on to do 做做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事事Havingfinishedtheexercises,wewentontolearnthe

14、newwordsinthenextunit.go go on doingon doing 继续继续做同一件事做同一件事。Thoughitwasrainingheavily,theywentonworking。mean to domean to do 想想要做某要做某事事Ididntmeantohurtyou.。mean mean doingdoing 意味着意味着要有一个要有一个结果结果Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.。regret regret to doto do对即将要做的事表示对即将要做的事表示遗憾遗憾IregrettosayImus

15、tleavetomorrow.regret regret doingdoing对所做的事感到对所做的事感到后悔后悔Iregretnothavingtoldherearlier.remember remember to do to do 指指将来将来的事，表示的事，表示“不要忘记不要忘记”Remember tolockthedoorwhenyouleave.remember remember doing doing 讲的是过去的事，表示讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来记起来”I remember postingthatletter.forget to do忘记要做某忘记要做某事事Shenearlyf

16、orgottogivetheporteratipforhisservice.forget doing忘记以前曾做过的忘记以前曾做过的事事Illneverforgetmeetingmyschoolheadmasterforthefirsttime.stop to do停止原来做的事，开始做另一件停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事事Whileworking,hestoppedtotalkwithTomattimes.stop doing停止正在做的停止正在做的事事Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thepupilsstoppedtalking.try to do设法

17、做某设法做某事事Imusttrytogeteverythingready beforehearrives.try doing试验做某试验做某事事Wouldyoupleasetrydoingthatagain?doing doing to be doneto be doneYourcompositionneedscorrecting/tobecorrected.Hiscoatwantscleaning/tobecleaned.Theoldwomanrequireslookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.动词动词-ing-ing形式作介词宾语大

18、都和一些固定搭形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关配有关。D D 动词动词-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 Weheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.复合宾语复合宾语inging正在进行正在进行不定式不定式发生发生结束结束 He saw a girl getting on the bus.He saw a girl get on the bus and drive off.Theyshouldnotleaveuswonderingwhattheywilldonext.Iwonthaveyour

19、unningaboutintheroom.Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.点点津坊津坊一系列一系列Isawhimentertheroomsitdownandlightacigarette.E E 动词动词-ing-ing形式作定语形式作定语 说明被修饰名词的说明被修饰名词的用途用途和和性能性能。areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading阅览室阅览室runningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋跑鞋aworkingmethod=amethodofworking工作工作方法方法adrawingboard画板画板as

20、ewingmachine缝纫机缝纫机aswimmingpool游泳池游泳池awaitingroom候车室候车室adiningcar餐车餐车adrivingpermit驾驶许可证驾驶许可证asingingcompetition歌咏比赛歌咏比赛awalkingstick手杖手杖 表示所修饰的人或物的表示所修饰的人或物的动作动作或或状态状态，在意思，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行正在进行的动作，的动作，也可表示也可表示经常性经常性动作或动作或当时当时的状态。的状态。developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展

21、中国家发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来看起来很普通的房子很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困扰困扰人的问题人的问题比较比较abarkingbarking dog狂吠的狗狂吠的狗adisappointingdisappointingplay令人令人失望的戏剧失望的戏剧anastonishingastonishingadventure惊人的冒险惊人的冒险asleepingsleepingbaby熟睡的婴儿熟睡的婴儿 boilingboilingwater正

22、在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水failingfailingsight逐渐衰退的视力逐渐衰退的视力 thesettingsettingsun落日落日thecomingcomingweek下一周下一周The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.They lived in a house facing south.作定语的动词作定语的动词作定语的动词作定语的动词-ing-ing-ing-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如动作同时

23、发生，如动作同时发生，如动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生两者不能同时发生两者不能同时发生两者不能同时发生的话，则需的话，则需的话，则需的话，则需使用定使用定使用定使用定语从句语从句语从句语从句。【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.后置后置 动词动词-ing-ing形式的完成式一般只用来形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。作状语，不作定语。【误】The temple having

24、 been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.F F 动词动词-ing-ing形式作状语形式作状语句首句首句末句末1 1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.(=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations.)2 2 表

25、示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.(=Sincehewasill.)Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=Althoughtheyknewallthis.Helayonthegrass,stari

26、ngattheskyforalongtime.=.andstaredattheskyforalongtimea.a.分词分词表示的必须表示的必须是是主语主语的的一个动作一个动作；b.b.分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是（或状态）是同时同时发生的；发生的；c.c.分词表示的是比较分词表示的是比较次要次要的动作，对谓的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d.d.大部分放在大部分放在谓语谓语之后；之后；e.e.分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。号隔开。伴伴随随状状语语2、通常通常3、必须必须4

27、、whenwhileifthus动动 词词 -ing-ing 形形 式式 的的 逻逻 辑辑 主主 语语 A A 作主语的动词作主语的动词-ing-ing形式形式Reading aloud is very helpful.点津坊点津坊物主代词物主代词名词所有格名词所有格His fathers falling ill worried him greatly.(his father是falling ill的逻辑主语)B B 作表语的动词作表语的动词-ing-ing形式形式Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.(stayingtoolateeve

28、rynight的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是her)C C 作定语的动词作定语的动词-ing-ing形式形式它修饰的它修饰的名词。名词。aninterestingbook=abookthatinterestsitsreadersarunningstream=astreamthatisrunning被动式被动式The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great importance.(the meeting和举行之间的关系是被动的，所以用being held)D D 作宾语的动词作宾语的动词-ing-ing形式形式比较比较 HeinsistedonHei

29、nsistedondoingithimselfdoingithimself.HeHeinsistedoninsistedonmydoingitmydoingit.WouldWouldyoumindyoumindopeningthewindowopeningthewindow?WouldWouldyoumindyoumindmyopeningthewindowmyopeningthewindow?E E 作宾语补足语的动词作宾语补足语的动词-ing-ing形式形式它前面的宾语它前面的宾语We often hear her singing this song.We often hear this

30、song(being)sung.F F 作状语的动词作状语的动词-ing-ing形式形式句句子子主语主语Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.如动词如动词-ing-ing形式表示的动作不是句中主语发出或形式表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。这种无依着的承受的，那就是误用。这种无依着的-ing-ing形式，形式，语法上称之为语法上称之为“垂悬分词垂悬分词”。【误误】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.【正正】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesaw

31、abeautifulgarden.【误误】Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.【正正】Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.逻辑主语逻辑主语Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.Weatherpermitting,thefootballmatchwillbeplayedonFriday.独立主格独立主格独立主格独立主格如：TheTheshowerbeingovershowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.,w

32、econtinuedtomarch.(时间时间)SoSomanymanystudentsstudentsbeingbeingabsentabsent,wewedecideddecidedtotoputputthethemeetingoff.meetingoff.(原因原因)WeatherWeatherpermittingpermitting,wellwellhavehaveananoutingoutingtomorrow.tomorrow.(条件条件)HeHerushedrushedintointothetheroom,room,hishisfacefacecoveredcoveredwith

33、withsweatsweat.(伴随情况伴随情况)必背必背 一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣.Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsciencethangirls.从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustcomefromCanada.Consideringhowpoorhewas,wedecidedtolethimattendtheconcertforfree.Supposingitrains,whatwillyoudo?2、通常通常3、

34、必须必须4、whenwhileifthus分词作状语分词作状语Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.HavinglivedinBerlinmanyyears,heknewthecitywell.分词作状语分词作状语肯定式肯定式否定式否定式一般式一般式doingnot doing完成式完成式having donenot having done现在分词作状语现在分词作状语同时发生同时发生之之前发生前发生动作之前动作之前肯定形式肯定形式否定形式否定形式一般式一般式being donenot being done完成式完成式having been done not having been done现在分词的语态现在分词的语态