跨文化交际Halls Culture Context Model学习.pptx

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1、Edward Hallthe father of intercultural communicationoriginated the conceptsHigh-context and low-context communication refers to how much speakers rely on things other than words to convey meaning.第1页/共15页High-contextmuch information is imlied inclues the situation or surrounding circumstances,relati

2、onships of the communicators,their family background,title,age,sex,education,status,social networkslittle provided in the verbal message itself第2页/共15页Low-contextthe majority of the information is contained in the verbal codethe message is stated clearly and explicitly without depending on the conte

3、xt of the communication第3页/共15页Communication StylesBackground informationFace ConcernsNonverbal codes（不用语言的）第4页/共15页Most of the information is either in the physical context or initialized in the person.The mass of information is vested in the explicit code.Dense,intersecting networks,long-term rela

4、tionships,strong boundaries,relationship more important than task.Loose,wide networks,shorter term,compartmentalized relationships,task more important than relationship.High-context cultureHigh-context culture Low-context cultureLow-context culture The Structure of RelationshipsImplicit,complicated

5、patterns,hard to explain Explicit,consciously organized Main Type of Cultural Knowledge第5页/共15页Relationships depend on trust,build up slowly,and are stable.Relationships begin and end quickly.Many people can be inside ones circle;circles boundary is not clear.Things get done by relationships with pe

6、ople and attention to group process.Things get done by following procedures and paying attention to the goal.Ones identity is rooted in groups(family,culture,work).Ones identity is rooted in oneself and ones accomplishments.Social structure is decentralized（分散）own第6页/共15页High use of nonverbal elemen

7、ts;voice tone,facial expression,gestures,and eye movement carry significant parts of conversation.Message is carried more by words than by nonverbal means.Verbal message is indirect;one talks around the point.Verbal message is direct;one spells things out exactly.Communication is seen as a way of ex

8、changing information,ideas,and opinions.Communication is seen as an art form -a way of engaging someone.第7页/共15页Disagreement is personalized（个人化）.(One is sensitive to conflict with another.Conflict must be solved or avoided before work.)Disagreement is depersonalized.(One withdraws from conflict wit

9、h another and gets on with the task.Focus is on rational solutions,not personal ones.)第8页/共15页In-groups and Out-groupsIn high-context cultureOut-groupsIn-groupsClear distinctionIntimate friends generallyCasual acquaintances generally第9页/共15页In low-context culturesIn-groupsOut-groups not clear-cutCha

10、nges rapidly第10页/共15页The commitment is strong and deepLoyalty to families and friendsShare a lot of unspoken rules in communication The extent of involvement and commitment is lowThe bonds between people are quite fragileTo be explicit and articulate is emphasized in communicationIn high-context cul

11、turesIn low-context cultures第11页/共15页Orientation to TimeIn high-context cultures Time is viewed as more open and less structured.Immediate needsTime constraints It is okay to late for 5 to 10 minutes第12页/共15页In low-context cultures Time is highly organized and carefully scheduled.Immediate needsTime constraints Im sorry Im late第13页/共15页 Thank you！第14页/共15页感谢您的观看！第15页/共15页