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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上句子成分分析组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。1. 主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。如:The car is running fast.(名词)We are students.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)Its bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。2. 谓语:说明主语的
2、动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如:He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词+表语)How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.宾语:是及物动词所
3、涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如:He is doing his homework.(名词)They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)【注意】有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave等。如:He bought me a book.Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如:Han Ch
4、en lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等。如:I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind(介意), practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等。如:Do you mind my opening the win
5、dow?有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如:Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如:What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom
6、.(数词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:Thank you very much.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast
7、when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:He is old enough to go to school.6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)She is at home.(介词短语)
8、I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:We elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定
9、式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)8同位语: 同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批学生) We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的我们)9分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。 例: Studying hard, your score will go up. 简单句的5种基本结构通过一个爱情故事掌握5种简单句。1, 主语+谓语:She comes.2, 主语+系动词+表语 She is lovely.3, 主语+谓语+宾语 I love her.4, 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 I gave her a rose.5, 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 I made her happy.专心-专注-专业
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