演示文稿定语从句(教育精品).ppt

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1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解定语从句讲解景泰二中景泰二中定语从句的定义定语从句的定义：定语可以由形容词，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可由一个句子来担任。担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句。定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称形容词性从句形容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词，代词或整个句子。定语从句是由先行词，关系词先行词，关系词构成的。被定语从句所修饰的名词代词称为先行词先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词。定语从句复习定语从句复习定定语语从从句句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性

2、定语从句限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关关系系词词关系代词关系代词 Who,whom,which,whose,that,as关系副词关系副词 When，where，why先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.2.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.3.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.the boy=whothe boys=w

3、hosein the school=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系词的作用：关系词的作用：1.连接作用2.替代作用3.成分作用关系词的选用关系词的选用1.看引导的从句是限定性的还是非限定性的看引导的从句是限定性的还是非限定性的2.先行词是指人还是物先行词是指人还是物3.根剧它在从句中所充当的成分根剧它在从句中所充当的成分.如果从句中如果从句中缺少时间，地点，或原因状语，则用关系副缺少时间，地点，或原因状语，则用关系副词；若缺少主语或宾语，

4、则用关系代词。词；若缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词。1.She is the girl lives next door2.That is the girl I teach.3.This is the girl achievement are well known.4.This is the house window broke last night.Who/that whoseWhom/who/thatwhose指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhoWhom关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可关系代词在从句中可以：以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省

5、略时可以省略关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathec

6、ametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.Idontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketr

7、aveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=whyin the way=that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhich几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词4.

8、Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.which 及物动词及物动词why/forwhichthat/which及物动词及物动词介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecityth

9、at/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+whom，which 中介词的选择中介词的选择1.根据定语从句中动词所需的某种习惯搭配根据定语从句中动词所需的某种习惯搭配2.eg.I bought a

10、great many books,on which I spent all my money that I saved.2.根据先行词的某种习惯搭配根据先行词的某种习惯搭配。1949 was the year in which the PRC was founded.3.根据所表达的意思。根据所表达的意思。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.注意注意:有些含有介词的固定动词短语不可拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。有些含有介词的固定动词短语不可拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。This is the Little

11、boy that you are looking for.1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhich6.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlonge

12、st_istheYellowRiver.7.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.8.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.9.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.ofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich1.当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时,如如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,ever

13、ything,等等只能用只能用that做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2.当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the same,little,few,no,any等修饰时等修饰时3.当人和物合做先行词时当人和物合做先行词时4.当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或是被当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或是被序数词序数词或形容词最高级或形容词最高级修饰时修饰时5.在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Wetalked

14、aboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.Exercisethat,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句

15、中只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况在介词后面在介词后面难用的难用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose=the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格难用的难用的 whose The hous

16、e is mine.The window of the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses window Thehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbroken非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,who

17、iskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Please compare:形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译限制性定限制性定语从句语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释不能不能能能.的的Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,i

18、s beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略所以不能省略as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting b

19、ook _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatasthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._

20、 is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,关系代词关系代词as，which的区别的区别1.位置上的

21、区别位置上的区别 As引导的非限制性定语从句即可在主句前，又可引导的非限制性定语从句即可在主句前，又可在后，而在后，而which非限制性定语从句只能置于句后。非限制性定语从句只能置于句后。The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is roundas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected as is well known which/as As2.当从

22、句与主句语意不一致时用当从句与主句语意不一致时用as，反之则，反之则用用whichShe has married again,was expected.She has married again,was unexpected.3.As 在定语从句中作主语时，后面常接动词在定语从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。主动语态一般用的被动语态。主动语态一般用which。She has been absent again,is expected.Tom has made rapid progress,makes me very happy.aswhichaswhich定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的

23、主谓一致1.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致Mr.Smith,who is now downstairs,is asking to see you.The smiths,who are now downstairs,is asking to see you.2.One of+复数名词复数名词+关系代词关系代词+复数动词复数动词Jeff is one of the students who were awarded.3.The only，very，right one the one of+复数复数名词名词+关系代词关系代词+单数动词单数动词Jeff is

24、the only one of the students who was awarded.4.当关系词as与which引导非限制性定语从句修饰主句内容时，若as，which作主语，则从句谓语动词用单数。Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.She has passed the examination,which makes parents very happy。先行词是先行词是way 和和time后的定语从句后的定语从句1.先行词是先行词是way（方式），且关系词在定语从句中作状语（方式），且关系词在定语从句中作状

25、语时，关系词用时，关系词用that 或是或是 in which 或省略。或省略。I dont like the way(that/in which)he laughs at her.2.Time 作先行词表示“次数次数”，应用that，that 可省略；若 time 表示“一段时间一段时间”，用关系副词 when 或是介词介词+which 引导定从，且不可省略。This is the first time that the President has visited our country.That was at a time when/during which there was no ra

26、dios,no telephones or no TV sets.定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别1.所表达的内容不同所表达的内容不同 定语从句是用来说明名词的性质、特征、来源等；同位语从句则用以说明名词所表示的内容。2.在句中所起的语法作用不同在句中所起的语法作用不同 引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它主要起连接引导作用，并代表先行词在从句中充当成分，作宾语可省略；引导同位语从句的that是连词。只起 连接作用，不充当句子成分，不能省略。3.同位语从句的先行词常有 message news，fact，hope，desire，problems，idea，suggestion，advice，doubt，thought，truth等。Eg.The news that our team won the game excited us all.The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all.