AmericanRomanticismIrvingCooper汇总学习教程.pptx

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1、exitcontinueI.Historical BackgroundI.Historical Background1.1.Political:After American Revolution,America Political:After American Revolution,America developed into a political,economic and cultural developed into a political,economic and cultural independence.Democracy and equality became independe

2、nce.Democracy and equality became the ideals of the new nation.Complete changes the ideals of the new nation.Complete changes came about in the political life of the country.came about in the political life of the country.2.Economic2.Economic:Industrialism spread widely and fast.A:Industrialism spre

3、ad widely and fast.A large number of immigrants arrived.All these large number of immigrants arrived.All these produced an economic boom.produced an economic boom.3.Both the change in political and the economic 3.Both the change in political and the economic development brought about a sense of opti

4、mism development brought about a sense of optimism and hope.and hope.4.Culturally:Magazines appeared in ever-4.Culturally:Magazines appeared in ever-increasing numbers and they played an increasing numbers and they played an importantimportant role in facilitating literary expansion.role in facilita

5、ting literary expansion.5.Foreign influence added incentive to the growth 5.Foreign influence added incentive to the growth of romanticism in America.of romanticism in America.第1页/共15页exitcontinueII.General II.General I Introduction to Romanticismntroduction to Romanticism a.a.Romanticism is a compl

6、ex artistic,literary,and Romanticism is a complex artistic,literary,and intellectual movement that originated in the intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe,second half of the 18th century in Western Europe,and gained strength during the Industr

7、ial and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution.Revolution.b.It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social b.It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the sci

8、entific and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature,and was embodied most rationalization of nature,and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts,music,and literature.strongly in the visual arts,music,and literature.第2页/共15页exitcontinueThe movement stressed The movement stres

9、sed a.strong emotion as a source of aesthetic a.strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience,placing new emphasis on such experience,placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation,horror and awe emotions as trepidation,horror and awe especially that which is experienced in especially tha

10、t which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities,both new and its picturesque qualities,both new aesthetic categories.aesthetic categories.b.It elevated folk art and custom to something b.It elevated folk

11、art and custom to something noble.noble.c.c.ItIt argued for a natural epistemology of human argued for a natural epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language,custom and usage.of language,custom and usage.第3页/共15页exi

12、tcontinueIII.British Romanticism III.British Romanticism 1.1.It prevailed in England during the period(1798-It prevailed in England during the period(1798-1832).There are two schools of Romanticists:1832).There are two schools of Romanticists:a.a.passive or escapist These writers protested passive o

13、r escapist These writers protested against capitalist development by turning to against capitalist development by turning to the the feudal past,turning to nature for protection.feudal past,turning to nature for protection.(Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey)(Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey)b.b.active.They h

14、eld out an ideal of a future active.They held out an ideal of a future society society free from oppression and exploitation.(Byron,free from oppression and exploitation.(Byron,Shelly,Keats)Shelly,Keats)2.Their writings are filled with strong-willed 2.Their writings are filled with strong-willed her

15、oes,terrible events,tragic situation,powerful heroes,terrible events,tragic situation,powerful conflicting passion and exotic events.Sometimes conflicting passion and exotic events.Sometimes they resort to symbolic methods,and pay great they resort to symbolic methods,and pay great attention to spir

16、itual and emotional life of man.attention to spiritual and emotional life of man.Nature oNature often personified,also plays an important ften personified,also plays an important role.The creative imagination occupied the role.The creative imagination occupied the center of romantic views of arts.ce

17、nter of romantic views of arts.第4页/共15页exitcontinueIV.IV.American Romanticism American Romanticism(The most important period in The most important period in the history of American literaturethe history of American literature)1.1.Time:Time:It stretches from the end of the 18th It stretches from the

18、end of the 18th centurycentury throughout the outbreak of the Civil War throughout the outbreak of the Civil War2.2.Features of American RomanticismFeatures of American Romanticism a.Imitative a.Imitative:Some of the American Romantic writings Some of the American Romantic writings were modeled on E

19、nglish and European works.The were modeled on English and European works.The Romantic Movement proved to be a decisive influence.Romantic Movement proved to be a decisive influence.Without it,the rise of Romanticism would have been Without it,the rise of Romanticism would have been impossible.Romant

20、icism writers such as Scott,impossible.Romanticism writers such as Scott,Coleridge,Wordsworth,Byron all made a stimulating Coleridge,Wordsworth,Byron all made a stimulating impact on American literature.impact on American literature.第5页/共15页exitcontinueb b.Independent.Independent:From the very begin

21、ning,American From the very beginning,American Romanticism Romanticism exhibitedexhibited distinct distinct features of its own.It features of its own.It originated from a mixture of factors which were originated from a mixture of factors which were altogether American rather than anything else.alto

22、gether American rather than anything else.American Romanticism was in essence the expression American Romanticism was in essence the expression of of a real new experience a real new experience and contained and contained“an alien an alien qualityquality”.”.E.g.,the American national experience of p

23、ioneering E.g.,the American national experience of pioneering into the west is a rich fund of material for American into the west is a rich fund of material for American writers.It is these Romanticism writers that created writers.It is these Romanticism writers that created an indigenous American l

24、iterature.an indigenous American literature.c.Puritan influence over American Romanticism was c.Puritan influence over American Romanticism was clearly noticeable.E.g.,the author tended more to clearly noticeable.E.g.,the author tended more to moralize than writers in England.moralize than writers i

25、n England.第6页/共15页exitcontinue3.Two phases:3.Two phases:a.1770s to 1830s a.1770s to 1830s Early period Representatives:Washington Early period Representatives:Washington Irving,James Fenimore Cooper Irving,James Fenimore Cooper b.b.1830s to 1860s Late period1830s to 1860s Late period summit summit o

26、f of American American literature Representatives:Emerson,Thoreau,literature Representatives:Emerson,Thoreau,Hawthorne,Melville,Whitman,Dickinson,Poe Hawthorne,Melville,Whitman,Dickinson,Poe etc.etc.第7页/共15页exitcontinueV.Washington IrvingV.Washington Irving1.1.Life Life a.a.born into a wealthy New Y

27、ork merchant family.born into a wealthy New York merchant family.b.b.l learned law but more interested in writingearned law but more interested in writingc.c.In 1809,his first book In 1809,his first book A History of New YorkA History of New York,written under,written under the the name of Diedrich

28、Knickerbocker,was a great success and won name of Diedrich Knickerbocker,was a great success and won him wide popularity.him wide popularity.d.d.In 1815,he went to England to take care of his family business In 1815,he went to England to take care of his family business there,and when it failed,had

29、to write to support himself.there,and when it failed,had to write to support himself.e.e.With the publication of With the publication of The Sketch BookThe Sketch Book,he won a measure of,he won a measure of international recognition.international recognition.f.f.In 1826,as an American diplomatic In

30、 1826,as an American diplomatic attachattach,he was sent to,he was sent to Spain,Spain,where he gathered material for his writing.where he gathered material for his writing.g.g.From 1829 to 1832,he was secretary of the U.S Legation in From 1829 to 1832,he was secretary of the U.S Legation in London.

31、London.h.h.Then when he was fifty,he returned to America and bought Then when he was fifty,he returned to America and bought “SunnysideSunnyside”,his famous home.There he spent the rest of his,his famous home.There he spent the rest of his life,living a life of leisure and comfort,except for a perio

32、d life,living a life of leisure and comfort,except for a period of of four years(1842-1846),when he was Minister to Spain.four years(1842-1846),when he was Minister to Spain.第8页/共15页exitcontinue2.works 2.works a.a.A History of New York from the Beginning of A History of New York from the Beginning o

33、f the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty 1809 1809 纽约纽约外史外史b.b.The Sketch Book of The Sketch Book of GeoffreyGeoffrey Crayon,Gent Crayon,Gent 1819-1820 1819-1820 见闻见闻札札记记c.c.Life of George WashingtonLife of George Washington 1855-1859 1855-1859 华华盛盛顿传顿传第9

34、页/共15页exitcontinue3.3.The Sketch Book of The Sketch Book of GeoffreyGeoffrey Crayon,Gent Crayon,Gent 1819-1819-1820 1820 见闻见闻札札记记a.a.The Sketch Book is a collection of essays,sketches,The Sketch Book is a collection of essays,sketches,and tales.and tales.b.b.In The Sketch Book,the most famous and fr

35、equently In The Sketch Book,the most famous and frequently anthologized are “Rip Van Winkleanthologized are “Rip Van Winkle”瑞普瑞普 凡凡 温温克克 “The Legend of Sleepy HollowThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow”睡谷的睡谷的传说传说c.Tc.The short story as a genre in American literature he short story as a genre in American lite

36、rature began with The Sketch Book.began with The Sketch Book.d.d.The book touched the American imagination and The book touched the American imagination and foreshadowed the coming of Hawthorne,Melville,and foreshadowed the coming of Hawthorne,Melville,and Poe.Poe.e.e.It also marked the beginning of

37、 American It also marked the beginning of American RomanticismsRomanticisms.第10页/共15页exitcontinue4.The style of Washington Irving4.The style of Washington Irvinga.a.Irving wrote to amuse and entertain.Irving wrote to amuse and entertain.b.Hb.He is good at enveloping his stories in an e is good at en

38、veloping his stories in an atmosphere atmospherec.c.His characters are vivid and true so that they His characters are vivid and true so that they tend to linger in the mind of the reader.tend to linger in the mind of the reader.d.d.The humor is such that reading him,it is The humor is such that read

39、ing him,it is difficult not to smile.difficult not to smile.e.He.His language is finished and musical.is language is finished and musical.5.The evaluation of Irving 5.The evaluation of Irvinga.“a.“Father of American literatureFather of American literature”b.“b.“Father of the American short storyFath

40、er of the American short story”c.c.The first The first AmericanAmerican writher of imaginative writher of imaginative literature to gain literature to gain internationalinternational fame fame 第11页/共15页exitcontinueVI VI James Fenimore Cooper James Fenimore Cooper 1.1.Life Life a.born in a rich famil

41、ya.born in a rich family of New Jersey of New Jerseyb.b.At 14,At 14,attended Yale but expelledattended Yale but expelledc.c.spent spent five years at seafive years at sead.inherited d.inherited his fatherhis father s vast s vast fortune then fortune then lived lived a comfortable lifea comfortable l

42、ifee.e.began to writebegan to write novels because one novels because one day he day he was was disgusted by one novel disgusted by one novel and challenged by and challenged by his his wife.wife.2.2.worksworksa.a.The SpyThe Spy 间谍间谍b.b.“Leatherstocking Tales”“Leatherstocking Tales”皮皮袜袜子故事集子故事集第12页/

43、共15页exitcontinue3.3.“Leatherstocking Tales”“Leatherstocking Tales”a.a.It is It is a series of five novels about the frontier lifea series of five novels about the frontier life:The PioneerThe Pioneer拓荒者拓荒者,The Last of MohicansThe Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干人最后的莫希干人,The PrairieThe Prairie大草原大草原,The The P

44、athfinderPathfinder探路者探路者,The DeerslayerThe Deerslayer杀杀鹿者鹿者b.Its cb.Its central character:Natty Bumppo(several names entral character:Natty Bumppo(several names for same character:Hawk-eye,thefor same character:Hawk-eye,the Pathfinder,the Deerslayer,Leatherstocking)Pathfinder,the Deerslayer,Leather

45、stocking).He is.He is a typical frontier man:honest,simple,innocent,a typical frontier man:honest,simple,innocent,generousgenerous and and represents brotherhood of man,nature represents brotherhood of man,nature and freedomand freedoma.a.Its historical importance lies in the fact that it eas Its hi

46、storical importance lies in the fact that it eas propbably the first romance of the frontier in propbably the first romance of the frontier in American literature.American literature.b.Tb.The che central character:Natty Bumppoentral character:Natty Bumppo represents the represents the ideal American

47、,living a virtuous and free life In ideal American,living a virtuous and free life In GodGod s world.s world.第13页/共15页exitcontinue4.ThefeaturesofCoopera.Heisamythicwriterb.Goodatinventingplots(Cooperhadneverbeentothenfrontierareapersonally.)c.Style:powerful,yetclumsyanddreadfuld.WoodenCharacterse.Useofdialect,butnotauthentic(criticizedbyMarkTwain)第14页/共15页感谢您的观赏！第15页/共15页