bookUnitlanguagepoints资料学习教程.pptx

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1、.重点短语1.live_继续存在；继续生存2.by _of 用方法；借助3._a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4.keep _坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5.back_back 背靠背6._up with 与合作或一起工作onmeansmakeuptoteam第1页/共58页7._out 划线；标出界限8.take_包括；吸收9.a great/good_许多；很多10._ war on/upon.向宣战11.apply_申请；请示得到 declareformarkinmany第2页/共58页have a population ofdiversity of culture50%(p

2、ercent)of the students by means of in addition(to)1.有人口2.文化的多样性3.50%的学生4.用.方法5.除之外还第3页/共58页6.被统治7.很大比例（的）8.对宣战9.实现.的梦想10.开始/习惯于新的 生活方式/工作等，谋生be ruled bya large percentage(of)declare war on achieve ones dream of doing.make a life第4页/共58页11.保持，保存12.成为的家园13.到的时候14.选择/决定做某事15.不久以后keep up become home tob

3、y the timeelect to dobefore long第5页/共58页1.CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.(1)对人口提问用what,不用how many或 how much。Whats the population of the city?这个城市有多少人口？第6页/共58页(2)population作主语时用单数，但前有分数、小数或百分数时，谓语动词用复数。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.中国人口比美国人口多。80%of

4、thepopulationarefarmers.百分之80的人口是农民。第7页/共58页(3)人口的增加或减少用grow(increase)和fall(decrease);人口的多少用large和small修饰。Therehasbeenarapidincreaseinpopulationinthecityinthelastfewyears.过去几年这座城市人口增长很快。第8页/共58页2.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA,having attracted people fro

5、m all over the world.加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。1）1).distinction n.差别；区分；卓著;distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。You should make your writing distinct.你应把字写清楚。第9页/共58页Completethesentenceswiththewordsabove.1)Hecouldremembereverythingvery_.2)Hehasthe_ofbei

6、ngthemostdiligentstudentinourclass.3)Thereisa_improvementinyourstudy.习惯用语：bedistinctfrom与不同的翻译：那两个建议截然不同。Thosetwosuggestionsarequitedistinctfromeachother.distinctiondistinctlydistinct第10页/共58页2).Italsohasthedistinctionofbeing意思是Whatitisknownforis第11页/共58页3.Scientists believe that these settlers cros

7、sed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。means n.手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）Radio and television are important means of communication.无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。Please find an alternative means of transport.请另外找一种运

8、输方式。Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried.所有方法都试过了。第12页/共58页拓展by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时句子用部分倒装）by every means 尽一切可能的办法She could not speak,but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。We have to finish our task by a

9、ll means.我们必须竭力完成任务。She is by no means poor,in fact,she is quite rich.她可不穷,其实她很有钱。I will help you by every means.我会尽全力帮助你。第13页/共58页翻译句子这绝非解决问题的良计。他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。This is by no means a good way to solve the problem.He let himself down slowly by means of a rope.第14页/共58页4.However,itislikelythatNativeAme

10、ricanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.1)sb./sth.is likely to do sth.某人/某物有可能做某事 It is likely/probable/possible that.有可能 It is possible for sb.to do sth.有可能做.第15页/共58页2)辨析：likely,possible与probablepossible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判

11、断有可能发生的事。第16页/共58页probable:句型为Itisprobablethatpossible:句型为Itspossible(forsb.)todosth./Itspossiblethatlikely的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。第17页/共58页Ishelikelytowin?他有可能获胜吗？Itspossible,thoughnotprobable,thathewillcometomorrow.他明天可能来,但也不一定准来。第18页/共58页5.Of the first Spanish to go to California,the ma

12、jority were religious men,whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the Natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。majority n.大多数；大半 major adj.主要的，重要的，较大的，较多的；主修的;n.主修科目；主修学生;v.主修（in）minority n.少数，半数以下；少数派；少数民 minor adj.较小的；不重要的 be in a/the majority 占大多数 be in the minority 占少数The Demo

13、crats became the majority in the election.民主党在这次选举中变成了多数党。He won by a large majority.他赢得了大多数票。第19页/共58页注意：the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。the majority of后可以接不可数名词,也可以接可数名词复数。当the majority of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。当the majority of+可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。The majority was/were for the budget.大多数人都赞成这一预算。The maj

14、ority of students are hardworking.大多数学生都很勤奋。The majority of the damage is easy to repair.大部分的破坏很容易修复。第20页/共58页Themajority_infavouroftheproposal.Themajotityoftheworkers_fromthecountryside.Themajorityofthedamage_difficulttorepair.was/were/is/are are/were is/was 第21页/共58页完成句子完成句子(1)他以他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。票的优

15、势赢得了该席位。Hewontheseatwith.(2)她她在在董董事事会会以以110的的多多数数票票当当选选为为董事长。董事长。Shewaschosenasthepresidentofthecompany110intheboard.amajorityof71votesbyamajorityof第22页/共58页(3)多数人喜欢电脑胜过电视。多数人喜欢电脑胜过电视。_seemtoprefercomputertoTV.(4)多数人赞成这个建议。多数人赞成这个建议。Themajority_theproposal.Themajorityofpeoplewas/wereinfavourof第23页/共

16、58页辨析：diefrom,dieofdieof死于疾病、饥饿等,多指内部原因。diefrom常用死于创伤、交通事故,多指外部未知原因。9.Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbyEuropeans.第24页/共58页10.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.辨析:fightfor,fightagainst与fightwithfightfor“为事业,自由

17、,真理,权利等而斗争(战斗)”fightagainst(可用with)theenemy“为反对而斗争”，接人和国家名词，意思是“与战斗”fightwithsb.也可表示与某人并肩作战第25页/共58页Gold minersTheycametoCaliforniawiththedreamof_,butfewachievedit.Somediedorreturnedhome,mostremainedthereto_forthemselves.make a lifebecoming rich第26页/共58页4.开始/习惯新的生活、工作等,谋生谋生_继续生活或生存_过着的生活_Aftergradua

18、tion,hewenttoBeijing,withthepurposeof_there.However,hecouldntfindajobandhadto_bybegging.Hesaidhewas_（过着悲惨的生活）buthewould_andnevergiveupnomatterwhathappened.lead/live a(adj.)lifemake/earn a/ones livinglive onmake a lifemaking a lifelive onliving a miserable lifemake a living第27页/共58页完成句子(1)他们去了西部地区，决心

19、去适应新生活。They went to the West and decided_.(2)他靠卖菜为生。He _ selling vegetables.(3)救援队使婴儿苏醒过来了。The rescue team_.to make a life thereearned/made a/his living bybrought the baby back to lifeearns/makes a/his living by第28页/共58页BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethe31stfederalstateoftheUSA,itwasalreadyamulti

20、culturalsociety.5.electVi.选择，决定做某事；Vt.选举，推选 1).electtodo=choose/decidetodo选择，决定做某事 翻译：现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleelecttoworkathome.2).electsb.(tobe/as)选举/推选某人为翻译：美国人民每隔4年选一次总统。奥巴马当选为美国第44任总统。AmericanselectaPresidenteveryfouryearsandObamawaselectedasthe44thpresidentofAmerica.*adj.候任的，当选而

21、尚未就职的（用于名词后）thepresidentelect候任总统*n.election选举/推选 presidentialelectionstand/runforelectionelectionresultstowin/loseanelection第29页/共58页 6.keepup坚持；维持；保持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）翻译：我们请她别再说话了，但她依旧说下去。我认为你应该鼓足勇气。Weaskedhertostoptalking,butshekeptup.Ithinkyoushouldkeepupyourcourage.keep 的相关短语阻止/妨碍做某事跟上记日记(与)保持联系使离开,避免

22、接近，远离使不靠近/接触/远离抑制某事物的增长，使保持在低水平keepupwithkeep.fromkeepadiarykeepintouch(with)keepaway(from)keep downkeepoff完成句子：It isbecausemostimmigrants_theirownculturesandcustomsthatCaliforniahascomethemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA.keepup第30页/共58页完成句子：1)Ifthisrain_,thegardenwillberuined.2)Thisismyphonenumber.Le

23、ts_.3)Thepoliceaskedthepeopleto_thesceneoftheaccident.4)Weappealtothegovernmentto_thehighpricesofhouses,aboutwhichmanypeoplearecomplaining.5)Thenoisesmadebymyneighbourswhentheyplaymahjong always_me_sleeping.6)Itsofgreatbenefitforyou_inEnglish.keeps upkeep off/keep away fromkeep downkeep in touchkeep

24、 fromto keep a diary第31页/共58页17.application(n.)申请(application to sb.for sth.);应用(application of sth.to sth.)apply(vi.)申请(apply to sb.for sth.);(vt.)应用(apply sth to sth.)applicant(n.)申请人1)His application to the club for membership has been refused.2)The application of new technology to teaching has i

25、mproved education greatly.3)He applied to a company for a job.4)The new technology was applied to farming.第32页/共58页8.It didnt occur to me that.我没有想到 occur v.发生；出现，存在；被想起，浮现Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.这一地区经常发生地震。Do giraffes occur in Africa only?长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有?A brilliant idea occurred to

26、me.=A brilliant idea struck me.=I struck on a brilliant idea.我想到一个极好的主意。It occurred to me to visit my teacher.我想到要去看看我的老师。It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。第33页/共58页sth.occurs to sb.=sth.strikes sb.=sb.strikes on sth.某事被想起/某想法浮现于某人脑海中It occurs to sb.that.某人想起某事It occ

27、urs to sb.to do sth.某人想起去做某事occurrence n.发生的事情；存在的事物；发生；存在；出现【易混辨析】occur,happen,take place与come aboutoccur较正式,既可以指自然发生，也可以指有意安排。happen一般用语，强调事情发生的偶然性。take place发生；举行。指事先计划安排好的事情。come about侧重事情发生的原因，常与how连用。第34页/共58页完成句子完成句子(1)第二年他死了。第二年他死了。thefollowingyear.(2)今年发生了几场火灾。今年发生了几场火灾。Severalfiresthisyear

28、.(3)他突然产生了一个想法。他突然产生了一个想法。tohim.HisdeathoccurredhaveoccurredAnideaoccurred第35页/共58页(4)我突然想去探望双亲。我突然想去探望双亲。_tovisitmyparents.(5)她突然想她可能会收养一个无家她突然想她可能会收养一个无家可归的孩子。可归的孩子。_thatshemightadoptahomelesschild.ItoccurredtomeItoccurredtoher第36页/共58页20.indicate(vt.)表明，象征，暗示，提及 indication(n.)表明，标示，象征1)A red sky

29、at night often indicates fine weather the next day.2)Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.3)They gave no indication of how the work should be done.第37页/共58页22.apparent(adj.)显而易见 apparently(adv.)看来，显然1)It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.2)I thought she had reti

30、red,but apparently she hasnt.第38页/共58页12.teamupwith：与合作或一起工作Iteamedupwithhimtodothework.类似结构短语有：keepupwith：跟上；和.保持联系comeupwith：赶上;(针对问题等)想出;提供endupwith：以.告终/结束第39页/共58页13.Theres a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.有一种专为旅游者选定的驾车游活动。mark out 划线；标出的界线They marked out the tennis court with white

31、paint.他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training.已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。mark sb.out for sth.选出/选定某人做某事mark down 写下，记下；降低的价格mark up 标出；提高的价格mark in 加画；绘入mark out for 看中；选定第40页/共58页 翻译句子他被选定担当更高的职位。我把那一点记在我的笔记本上。He was marked out for a higher position.I marked that dow

32、n in my notebook.第41页/共58页14.Its a 79km round trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。take in 包括；吸收；欺骗；收留；理解，领会；改小The study of physics takes in many difficult subjects.物理的学习包括许多困难的方面。The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies.这个推销员发现老太太们容易上当受骗。He had nowhere

33、 to go,so I took him in.他无处可去,所以我收留了他。I wonder if hes really taking it in.我想知道他是否真的明白了。The dress needs to be taken in a bit.这衣服需要稍微改小一点。第42页/共58页拓展take off 脱下；起飞；成功；流行take on 呈现；承担；雇用take to 喜欢；亲近 take up 拿起；占据；开始从事；继续 take over 接管take down 拿下，揭下；写下，记下；拆除take.for.把看作；把误认为是take after （外貌或行为）像父亲或母亲第43

34、页/共58页 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 take off;take up;take in;take on;take down;take toThe city has been developing very fast and it has _ _ a new look.The old man _ _ the story at this point.Dont be _ _by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.The plane for Beijing _ _at four oclock.taken ontook upta

35、ken intakes off第44页/共58页辨析：agreatdealof常与不可数名词连用，agreatmany则与可数名词的复数形式连用，它们的区别与much和many的区别相同。15.agreatmany许多，很多Thereareagoodmanypeopleinthehall.a great many+名词复数,谓语用复数many a+名词单数,谓语用单数 第45页/共58页29.fascinating(adj.)迷人的 fascinated(adj.)入迷的(by sth.)fascinate(vt.)深深吸引 fascination(n.)魅力,极大的吸引力1)It is fa

36、scinating to see how different people approach the problem.2)The children watched,fascinated,as the picture began to appear.3)China has always fascinated me.4)Water holds a fascination for most children.第46页/共58页34.miserable(adj.)痛苦的,可怜的 miserably(adv.)可怜地,痛苦地 misery U 痛苦,悲惨1)I spent a miserable wee

37、kend alone at home.2)They wandered around miserably.3)Fame brought her nothing but misery.35.punishment(n.)惩罚,处罚(for sth)punish(vt.)惩罚(punish sb.for sth./for doing sht.)1)What is the punishment for murder?第47页/共58页39.thankful(adj.)感谢,感激(be thankful for sth./to do sth./that)thankfully(adv.)幸亏;感激地 tha

38、nkless(adj.)吃力不讨好的 thank(vt.)感谢(thank sb.for sth./for doing sth.)thanks pl.感谢(thanks to sb.for sth.)第48页/共58页 1)I was thankful to see theyd all arrived safely.2)There was a fire in the building,but thankfully no one was hurt.3)Sometimes being a mother and a housewife felt like a thankless task.第49页/

39、共58页重点句型1However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在15000年前就在加州生活着。2.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.第50页/共58页3Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestco

40、astofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.二百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国的西北沿海。4Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。第51页/共58页5AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastc

41、oastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。第52页/共58页5Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们相信过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以至于

42、不再有明显的种族或文化团体，而仅仅是一个种族和文化的混合体。第53页/共58页1.本句式中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。Itislikelythat.是可能的。此句型可转化为：Sb./Sth.belikelytodo.某人/物可能干某事。Shesverylikelytoringmetonight.Itslikelythatshewillringmetonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。Itslikelythatitwillsnowtonight.Itislikelytosnowtonight.今天晚上可能下雪。第54页/共58页2It_is_believed_thatbefore

43、longthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有明显的种族或文化团体，而仅至于不再有明显的种族或文化团体，而仅仅是一个种族和文化的混合体。仅是一个种族和文化的混合体。第55页/共58页本句用的句型是Itisbelievedthatclause。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的thatclause。类似

44、的结构还有：Itbesaid/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedthatclause.此句型可转化成：(1)Peoplesay/know/agree/think/suppose/reportthatclause.(2)Sb./Sthbesaid/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedtodo.第56页/共58页ItisbelievedthatMrSmithisinnocent.MrSmithisbelievedtobeinnocent.人们认为史密斯先生是无辜的。ItisbelievedthatProfessorJohnsonhasfinishedhissecondnovel.ProfessorJohnsonisbelievedtohavefinishedhissecondnovel.人们相信约翰逊教授已完成了他的第二部小说。第57页/共58页感谢您的观赏！第58页/共58页