周末if宾语从句和条件状语从句.pptx

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1、语法语法1：正确使用正确使用that,if/whether（是否）（是否）,who,why 等疑问词引等疑问词引导的宾语从句。导的宾语从句。语法语法2：if（如果）引（如果）引导的条件状语从句导的条件状语从句第1页/共22页 什么是宾语从句？什么是宾语从句？在复合句中做宾语成分的句子叫宾语从句。在复合句中做宾语成分的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句的分类、引导词和语序宾语从句的分类、引导词和语序原句式原句式引导词引导词从句语序从句语序陈述句陈述句一般一般疑问句疑问句特殊特殊疑问句疑问句that不变不变whether/if改为陈述句改为陈述句 语序语序 特殊特殊 疑问词疑问词改为陈述句改为陈述句 语序语

2、序 第2页/共22页宾语从句的时态主句主句从句从句一般一般现在时现在时保留原来句子的时态保留原来句子的时态或根据实际情况而定或根据实际情况而定一般一般过去时过去时一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时任一时态任一时态若表客观事实、普遍真理及自然现象用若表客观事实、普遍真理及自然现象用一般现在时一般现在时第3页/共22页注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来）

3、2.He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转）he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时句一律用一般现在时第4页/共22页由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句e.g.1.I want to know _.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）他是否跟我

4、们一起去公园）2.Ask him _.（他是否能来）他是否能来）3.I dont know _.（是否要下雨）是否要下雨）if(whether)he will go to the park with us whether(if)he can come whether it is going to rain or not当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.第5页/共22页If 与whether 的区别1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he is handsome.3.He wondered _

5、 to stay here the next week.4._ he will come is not decided.与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether第6页/共22页由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词 when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句when well have a meetingwhere he ishow I can get to the stationwhy the trai

6、n is latewho could answer the questionwhose handwriting was the best in the class1.He asked _.(谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2.Do you know_.（他们在等谁他们在等谁）3.He asked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Please tell me _.（我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会）5.Can you tell me _.（他在哪儿他在哪儿）6.Could you tell me _.（我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站）7.Would you tell me _

7、（为什么火车迟到了为什么火车迟到了）whom they are waiting for第7页/共22页把下列句子连成带宾从的复合句：1.You sucked your finger again.(I hear.)2.They will go shopping tomorrow.(He told me).3.Whose bike is this?(Does anyone know)4.Who went fishing yesterday?(He asked)I hear that you sucked your finger again.Does anyone know whose bike t

8、his is?He told me that they would go shopping tomorrow.He asked who went fishing yesterday.第8页/共22页5.How old is he?(She doesnt know)6.Has he returned to America?(I want to know)7.Can Mike drive a car?(Could you tell us)8.Did Alice work out the problem by herself?(Please tell me)She doesnt know how o

9、ld he is.I want to know if he has returned to America.Could you tell us if Mike can drive a car?Please tell me if Alice worked out the problem by herself.第9页/共22页位置：从句可放在主句之前或之后，但是放在主句之前须有逗号隔开eg:如果我有足够的钱，我就去环游世界If 引导条件状语从句 定义：if “如果,假如”它引导的句子表示某事发生所需的条件，即“在条件下，某事才能发生”，在句子中充当状语，因此称之为条件状语从句。（If引导的条件状语

10、从句表示假如有从句的动作发生，就会有主句动作的发生）If I have enough money,I will travel around the world=I will travel around the world if I have enough money第10页/共22页if 引导的条件状语从句时态u主将从现u祈使句u情态动词I will sing a song if I am happy.Dont cross the road if the light is redYou must stop if the traffic light is red.第11页/共22页用法：1.如果

11、主句是祈使句，从句要用一般现在时。如果主句是祈使句，从句要用一般现在时。Dont go and play football if you dont finish your homework.Please call me if he comes next Sunday.if（如果）引导的条件状语从句:第12页/共22页2.如果主句是一般将来时，如果主句是一般将来时，if从句则用一般现在时。从句则用一般现在时。If it rains（从句），I will stay at home.Ill go with you if you dont want to go alone（从句）.3.如果主句含有如果

12、主句含有must,may,can 等情态动等情态动 词，词，if从句也要用一般现在时。从句也要用一般现在时。If you drive too fast,you may have an accident.You must stop if the traffic is red.第13页/共22页1.主祈从现2.主将从现 if will/wont3.主情（can，may，should，must）从现第14页/共22页1.If you _(want)to listen to music,_(choose)a CD.2.If you _(buy)a new camera,_(get)a good one

13、.3.If the light _(not come)on,_(wait)for one minute.4.If it _(not work),_(wait)a minute and then _(try)again.5.If you _ (not know)how to use the camera,_(read)the instructions.wantchoosebuygetdoesnt comewaitdoesnt workwaittrydont knowreadComplete the sentences.第15页/共22页 2.Youmay_(pass)theexamifyou_(

14、study)hard.4.Heaskedusifeverybody_(be)here.rainswill stay passstudywas 3.Ifyouwanttorecord,_(press)theredlight.press1.IfIt_(rain)tomorrow,I_(stay)athome.Fill in the blankets with the proper form 第16页/共22页Have a try 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1.If the rain _(stop)tonight,we will go to the cinema.2.Ill buy a compu

15、ter if I _(have)enough money.3.You _(not get)nervous if you _(do)enough exercise.4.If she _(be)kind to me,I _(not argue)with her.5.I want to know if he _(come)tomorrow,if he _(come),I _(give)the massage to him.stopshave wont getdo iswont argue will come comes will give第17页/共22页if的用法的用法2.引导条件状语从句：引导条

16、件状语从句：译为译为“如果，假如如果，假如”(1)if从句从句+祈使句祈使句(2)if从句从句+主句（一般将来时）主句（一般将来时）1.引导宾语从句引导宾语从句：译为：译为“是否是否”，表示不确定的概，表示不确定的概念。念。I dont know if your father can come together.Can you tell me if miss your parents?第18页/共22页e.g.If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。If he had hurri

17、ed,he could have caught the train.如果他抓紧点，他会赶上火车的。如果他抓紧点，他会赶上火车的。If I were to go abroad,I would go to America.如果我出国了，我会去美国。如果我出国了，我会去美国。3.非真实条件句（虚拟语气）非真实条件句（虚拟语气）：表示不可实现的条：表示不可实现的条件或根本不存在的条件。件或根本不存在的条件。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。过去的一种假设。第19页/共22页 if条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。条件句表可能，主将从现不一般；条件句表事实，主句常用现在时If还有“是否”意,宾语从句放后边summary第20页/共22页Thank you,and have a great day.第21页/共22页谢谢您的观看！第22页/共22页