第三单元词汇翻译精选文档.ppt
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1、第三单元词汇翻译本讲稿第一页,共五十九页第三单元词汇翻译(语言语境)3.1判断词义3.2选择用词(3.3变换用词、3.4词语搭配)(非语言语境)3.5特殊词汇翻译本讲稿第二页,共五十九页Wordsdonothavemeanings;peoplehavemeaningsforthem.-EricPartridge(1894-1979),lexicographer,one of the twentieth centurys leading experts on American,English,and Australian slang.Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextis
2、anewword.-JohnRupertFirth(1890-1960),theLondonschooloflinguistics本讲稿第三页,共五十九页3.1判断词义1.查阅字典(网上字典)2.分析句子、句群的语法结构3.上下文逻辑关系、篇章的整体效果语言语言语境语境本讲稿第四页,共五十九页查阅字典(网上字典)1.Whatyouhavealwayswanteduntilnowhasbeenaset,steady,constantpurpose.2.Thecarpetreallywantscleaning.3.Theywerenotrich.Theyhadlivedalltheirlivesi
3、n want.4.Heis wanted inconnectionwiththemurderofateenagegirl.5.Youare wantedonthephone.本讲稿第五页,共五十九页sanctionsanctionsgroundgroundsTheleafslowlyflutteredtotheground。Jimhasstronggroundstoaskformoremoney.customcustomseconomyeconomiesdamagedamagesexportexportstransactiontransactions理由理由节约措施节约措施海关海关赔偿费赔偿费
4、出口货物出口货物(会议的)讨论、(会议的)讨论、记录记录本讲稿第六页,共五十九页分析句子的语法结构Hetookchargeofhisfailingfatherandafteratime.failtobeunsuccessfulinsthyouwanttodo,inexam/test,orinbusinessbodyorgansstopsworkingfailingsight/health衰退的视力/身体本讲稿第七页,共五十九页分析句群的语法结构(关联词表达的逻辑关系)thattheremustbesomethingdashingand“fast”inhisappearance,whereash
5、iscostumewasperfectlyplain,theexpressionofhisfacegraveandearnest,时髦放荡朴素严肃诚挚本讲稿第八页,共五十九页fastMarxandEngelswerefastfriends.Thebabyisfastasleep.Sheheldonfastastheywentroundthebend(弯道).Weshouldholdfasttoourfaithstilltheveryend.MuslimsfastduringRamadan.本讲稿第九页,共五十九页1.Mysisterthinksitis futiletostudyhardthe
6、nighbeforeanexam,butIfinditquiteuseful.2.Cellphoneshavebecomeubiquitous;youcanseeandhearthemeverywhere.3.Desalination,ortheremovalofsaltfromseawater,isamethodofprovidingfreshwaterforbusiness,homeandagricultureuse.Australianpassportswillnowhavethreegenderoptions-male,femaleandx.Thenewcategoryisonlyfo
7、ruseby intersex people-whoarenotbiologicallyentirelymaleorfemale.本讲稿第十页,共五十九页girlfriend voiceGirlfriend voicereferstothechangeinpitchortoneofamansvoicewhentalkingtotheirsignificantother.Thegirlfriendvoiceischaracterizedbyahigherpitchandamoreeffeminate(温柔的)tonewithspeechpatternsscatteredwithpetnamesa
8、ndchildishwords.女友专用调女友专用调指男士在跟自己的另一半说话时声调和语气上的变化。这种变化主要体现为:声调提高、语调更显温柔,并且不时夹杂着各种爱称和幼稚的语言。本讲稿第十一页,共五十九页根据词语的词性back1.Iwillcomeback,Iwill.2.Itwassaidthattheywouldbacktheplan.3.Itsthelaststrawthatbreaksthecamelsback.1.我一定会回来的。2.据说他们会支持这个计划。3.压死骆驼的最后一根稻草。本讲稿第十二页,共五十九页分析上下文逻辑关系、篇章的整体效果等来判定词义Arrests Made
9、in China Gutter Oil ScandalChinesepolicehavearrested32peopleforproducing andsellingadulteratedcookingoilmadefromleftoversdredgedfromguttersbehindrestaurants.我国公安机关抓获了非法炼制非法炼制及销售餐馆地沟油制成的食用油的32名犯罪嫌疑人。Morethan100tonnesofsuch oilwasseizedafterbusting(摧毁)acriminal networkspanning14provinces,theministryof
10、publicsecuritysaid.公安部称在摧毁了这个涉及14个省的地沟油犯罪网络地沟油犯罪网络后,公安机关共查处了地沟油炼制的食用油地沟油炼制的食用油逾百吨。本讲稿第十三页,共五十九页3.2选择用词1.确切理解所选用词的含义2.注意所选用词的感情色彩和语体色彩3.慎用文言文和方言本讲稿第十四页,共五十九页确切理解所选用词的含义及感情色彩FromCharlesDickenstoHisSon狄更斯致子函Iwritethisnotetodaybecauseyourgoingawayismuchuponmymind,andbecauseIwantyoutohaveafewpartingwords
11、frommetothinkofnowandthenatquiettimes.IneednottellyouthatIloveyoudearly,and am very,very sorry in my heart to part with you.Butthislifeishalfmadeupofpartings,andthesepainsmustbeborne.我今天写这封短信,一来因为你的离去萦绕我心,二来也想给你只字片语,让你在宁静的时间里时而思量。我不必告诉你,我爱你有多深,也不必说,与你分离让我多么惆怅。但是人生有聚有散,而这些痛苦是必须承受的。愁肠百结本讲稿第十五页,共五十九页It
12、ismycomfortandmysincereconvictionthatyouaregoingtotrythelifeforwhichyouarebestfitted.Ithinkitsfreedomandwildnessmoresuitedtoyouthananyexperimentinastudyorofficewouldeverhavebeen;andwithoutthattraining,youcouldhavefollowednoothersuitableoccupation.你将去体验最适合你的生活,这是我的安慰,也是我诚挚的信念。与书房或办公室的工作相比,我认为那种自由而又不羁
13、的生活更适合你。少了那样的训练,你就不能从事其他适合你的职业。wildness放荡不羁不羁无拘无束本讲稿第十六页,共五十九页1.Heflatteredher,sayinghowbeautifulhereyeswere.2.Iwasflatteredtobeinvitedtowriteanarticleforthefamousmagazine.他奉承她,说她的眼睛有多美丽。获邀为那本著名的杂志写文章,我受宠若惊。本讲稿第十七页,共五十九页凡是能用白话表达的,尽量不要使用文言词语。(para2,p34)方言词语的使用也要看原文的语言特色。慎用文言词和方言本讲稿第十八页,共五十九页3.3变换用词1.
14、通过替换同义词、近义表达法替换同义词、近义表达法实现变化用词2.通过转译(词性转换)转译(词性转换)实现变化用词本讲稿第十九页,共五十九页Inthetimeofautumn,coldwindswhicharenotatallpleasantgenerallyblow.在秋天,冷风冷风一点也不会让人愉快。在秋天的日子(秋日里),通常是寒风飒飒寒风飒飒,一点也不令人喜悦(讨人喜欢)。Butspringhasnoneofthesedrawbacks;但是春天没有这些缺点缺点但是春天毫无这些缺憾缺憾theflowersbloom,thewoodsandgrassesgrowluxuriantly.Th
15、eweatherismildandtheairisbalmy.花儿盛开,树木草地茂盛地生长,天气温和,空气温馨。百花儿盛开,草木茂盛(葱茏),气候温和,春风和煦。替换同义词替换同义词本讲稿第二十页,共五十九页HowtogrowoldSomeoldpeopleareoppressed bythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofearthattheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthat
16、theyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoys and sorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatabject and ignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeitsoatleastitseemstomeistomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallso
17、ftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife.本讲稿第二十一页,共五十九页Someoldpeopleareoppressed bythefearofdeath.有些老人因怕死而惶惶不安。Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoys and sorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatabject and ignoble.但是对老年人来说,经历了人生的酸甜苦辣,自己能做到的事情都做到
18、了,怕死就未免有些可鄙,有些不光彩了。本讲稿第二十二页,共五十九页转译(词性转换)转译(词性转换)Shetriestocalmherdaughterwithafaint smileandgentle caressofherhair.她淡淡地微笑着淡淡地微笑着,温柔地爱抚着温柔地爱抚着女儿的头发,让她平静下来。本讲稿第二十三页,共五十九页SpeculationthatVladimirPutinmayhavehadcosmeticsurgeryhasresurfacedashepreparestoassume the Russian presidencyforthethirdtime。The58-
19、year-oldRussianprimeministersettheblogospherealightattheweekendafteracceptinghispartyspresidentialnominationataglitzyMoscoweventwithhisfacelookingsuspiciouslysmooth。在普京打算第三次竞选俄罗斯总统之际,关于他可能进行过整容手术的猜测又一次浮出水面。这位五十八岁的俄罗斯总理上周末在莫斯科接受统一俄罗斯党总统候选人提名时,皮肤看起来不可思议地平滑,这一现象立马在博客引起热议。本讲稿第二十四页,共五十九页3.4词语搭配1.并列关系2.偏正
20、关系3.动宾关系4.主谓关系本讲稿第二十五页,共五十九页并列的结构应该含有相似的结构,发挥同等的语法功能。(para3,p38)Alittlecottagenestlingamidstthewaysidetrees,thebluesmokecurlingupagainstthegreen,andabowerofrosesroundthedoor.小小的农舍偎依在路旁的树丛中,绿色的屏绿色的屏障上,炊烟袅袅,障上,炊烟袅袅,荫凉的蔷薇丛绕着门庭。小小的农舍偎依在路旁的树丛中,袅袅炊烟袅袅炊烟飘向绿色屏障,飘向绿色屏障,荫凉的蔷薇丛绕着门庭。并列关系本讲稿第二十六页,共五十九页Icame;Isaw
21、;Iconquered.(JuliusCaesar)我来了,我看见了,我征服了。我来到了(这片土地),我看到了(这片土地),我征服了(这片土地)。我来到,我看见,我征服。本讲稿第二十七页,共五十九页IwashatedinChinaanddontwanttobehatedbypeoplehere,MsFengsaidtoTheNewYorkPostinhernativeChinese.Americaisstillaplacewhereanyonecansucceed.Icanopenasmallbusiness,developintoabigbusiness,takeitpublicandthe
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