2022年2022年全国二卷阅读理解B篇【2022职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解题及解析8】.doc

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1、2022年2022年全国二卷阅读理解B篇【2022职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解题及解析8】职称英语网权威发布2022职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解题及解析8，更多2022职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解题及解析8相关信息请访问职称英语考试网。 Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 year

2、s ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are di

3、sabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starve

4、d, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rul

5、es which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have mo

6、re illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often go on welfare if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the pas

7、t and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been

8、built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel. 词

9、汇： dependency / dipend?nsi/ n.依赖性 contemporary / k?ntemp?r?ri / .现代的 obligation / ,?bliei?n / n. 义务 insurance / in?u?r?ns / n. 保险 welfare / welf? / n.福利 senile / si:nail / dj. 衰老的 grave /reiv / dj. 严肃的 convalescent /,k?nv?les?nt/ dj.康复的 sponsor / sp?ns?/ v. 发起，资助 institution /,institju:?n / n. 机构 注释

10、: 1. Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population:延长人类生命的结果使得人口的数量有了增加。句中的 prolonging human life是动名词短语。由动名词短语作句子的主语时，句中动词必须用单数形式。如 : Collecting stamps is his hobby. 2. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago:如果今天活着的很多人

11、生于一百年以前，他们会死于各种儿童疾病。 3. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time:因为有更多的人寿命更长，所以在任何一个特定的时间里的人也就更多。 4. the dependency load: 抚养人口数量。 5. In times of famine: 在饥荒年代 6. go on welfare : 靠福利救济 go on 有许多意思，其中的一个意思是依靠过活。例: Many people go on welfare when jobs become scarce. (工作难找时，许多人靠政府救济金过日子。) 7. grave problems: 严重的问题 8. convalescent hospitals: 康复医院;疗养院 9. profit-making organizations: 赢利机构 10. dumping grounds: 垃圾场第 4 页 共 4 页