二三层交换机设计原理及转发流程（PPT36页)32823.pptx

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1、HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Security Level:Slide title:40-47pt Slide subtitle:26-30ptColor:white Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:A二三层交换机二三层交换机设计原理及转发流程设计原理及转发流程柏杰先 3694 Content Page Title 35-40pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:Frutig

2、erNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:Arial Content Page Text:28-30ptBullets level 2-520-30pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:Arial目录目录基本概念基本概念集线器、交换机、路由器集线器、交换机、路由器交换原理及转发过程交换原理及转发过程常见的基本配置常见的基本配置HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,L

3、TD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for

4、field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.Page 3网络分层概念网络分层概念网络分层概念网络分层概念 七层

5、：应用层，七层：应用层，telnet/ftp/路由路由协议。四四层：传输层，TCP/UDP协议。三三层：网：网络层，通常是，通常是IP，数据包成，数据包成为报文。文。二二层：链路路层，比如，比如说以太网，数据包称以太网，数据包称为帧。一一层：物理：物理层。以太网头IP头L2 HEADERL3 HEADERDATAL4 HEADERTCP头HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to b

6、e used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our d

7、esign colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.链路路层链路路层：负责直接相直接相连的网的网络设备之之间的通的通讯二二层设备：连接同接同类型的型的链路网段，如两个以太网的物理网段路网段，如两个以太网的物理网段Page 4L2L1L2L2L1L3L3HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Con

8、fidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,cu

9、stomer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.链路路层地址地址在以太网使用的地址是在以太网使用的地址是MAC地址地址(48 bit二二进制

10、的地址制的地址)，可划分，可划分为单播地址、多播地址和广播地址。播地址、多播地址和广播地址。6字节数字，如 00-50-FC-1F-C0-3A第一字节最低位为0，如 00-e0-fc-00-00-06，单播地址。第一字节最低位为1，如 01-e0-fc-00-00-06，多播地址。特殊地址：FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF广播地址MAC地址没有地址没有层次关系，所有的次关系，所有的MAC地址只有数地址只有数值的不同，没的不同，没有网有网络上的包含关系上的包含关系一个一个MAC地址唯一代表网地址唯一代表网络上的一个点上的一个点Page 5HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.

11、Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for fie

12、ld-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.链路路层链路路层网网络是一个平面的网是一个平面的网络：没有：没有层次关系

13、次关系Page 6等于HUBHUBHUBHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by cust

14、omers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesettin

15、g Standard”.网网络层网网络层：负责一个网一个网络内的通内的通讯三三层设备：连接多个接多个IP网段网段Page 73层交换机/路由器L2L1L3L2L1L3L2L2L320.0.0.0/830.0.0.0/8HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBulle

16、ts level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should onl

17、y use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.网网络层地址地址IP地址：地址：4字字节数字数字IP地址有地址有层次关系次关系10.0.0.0/8 是一个大网络地址10.1.0.0/16 是其中的一个子网10.1.30.23/16 是这个子网中的一个主机地址10.1.255.255/16是这个子网中的广播地址Page 8网络地址主机地址掩码长度HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Sl

18、ide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or pa

19、rtner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.网网络层在网在网络层，才可以，才可以组建大型网建大型网络Page 910.1.30.2310.2.10.11180.

20、23.6.310.0.0.0/8180.23.0.0/16HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be use

21、d by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“T

22、ypesetting Standard”.目录目录基本概念基本概念集线器、交换机、路由器集线器、交换机、路由器交换原理及转发过程交换原理及转发过程常见的基本配置常见的基本配置HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Colo

23、r:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color

24、 group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.网网络设备主要主要类型型Page 11集集线器器 Hub2层交交换机机 L2 Switch3层交交换机机 L3 Switch路由器路由器 RouterHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by custom

25、ers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can

26、 be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.集集线器器物理物理层以太网以太网设备，没有智能，没有智能简单的硬件的硬件实现简单的功能的功能把每个端口收到的把每个端口收到的报文向所有其他端口广播，就象一个分文向所有其他端口广播，就象一个分线盒盒“共享共享10M”Page 12HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confi

27、dential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,cust

28、omer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.交交换机机由硬件芯片由硬件芯片执行数据行数据帧或或报文文转发的数据通的数据通讯设备，分，分为二二

29、层交交换机和三机和三层交交换机机通常接口单一，主要就是以太网硬件强大，软件较简单转发能力高：10万-1000万PPS三层交换机也逐渐实现了复杂的功能和多种协议Page 13HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color

30、:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color

31、group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.二二层交交换机机二二层交交换机机 有少量的智能，可以学习MAC地址，精确转发。可能支持生成树协议，可以避免多个以太网段之间出现环路“独占10M/100M”。Page 14HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used

32、by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design c

33、olors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.三三层网网络设备三三层交交换机机有很强的智能，功能类似于路由器通常用CACHE代替路由表，容量较小路由器路由器Router通过IP路由做转发，可跨越大型的、各种链路类型的网络。Page 15HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Sl

34、ide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or pa

35、rtner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.路由器路由器传统路由器的路由器的转发能力能力较低：低：1万万-10万万PPS以前，广域网的带宽也低：9.6K,64K

36、，128K，2M.当前的高端路由器也采用高速硬件来当前的高端路由器也采用高速硬件来实现高效率的高效率的转发Page 16HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:Fruti

37、gerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specif

38、ic usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.接口接口类型型交交换机：机：以太网以太网为主主路由器：路由器：同步串口，异步串口，同步串口，异步串口，10/100M以太网，以太网，ATM,E1/E3/PRI，T1/T3，HSSI，BRI 高端路由器高端路由器/交交换机：机：100M/1G/10G以太网以太网,255M/622M/2.5G POS,155M/622M ATMPage 17HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153

39、 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The followi

40、ng nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.二二层交交换机主要机主要结构构软件：件：二二层硬件：硬件：二二层 一一层Page 18 STP等协议以太网交换物理接口HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD

41、.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for fi

42、eld-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.传统路由器主要路由器主要结构构软件：件：七七层 四四层 三三层 二二层

43、硬件：硬件：一一层Page 19 IP转发物理接口TCP/UDP 路由协议 链路协议HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumF

44、ont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,r

45、efer to the“Typesetting Standard”.三三层交交换机主要机主要结构构软件：件：七七层 四四层 三三层 二二层硬件：硬件：三三层 二二层 一一层Page 20 IP以太网交换物理接口TCP/UDP 路由协议 以太网协议IP交换HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide

46、 text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The following nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note t

47、hat you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.路由表的区路由表的区别交交换机机往往使用CACHE表装载主机路由，大约几千条。主机路由用HASH算法做精确匹配。另外有少量网段路由，可做最佳匹配路由器路由器通常路由转发表包含了所有可用路由，做最佳匹配Page 21HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:

48、R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSlide text:20-22ptBullets level 2-5:18pt Color:BlackCorporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialTop right corner for field-mark,customer or partner logotypes.-The fol

49、lowing nine groups of colors are an example of how our design colors can be used,please take note that you should only use one design color group per slide.For specific usage details,refer to the“Typesetting Standard”.交交换机路由表机路由表维护交交换机的芯片路由表是一个机的芯片路由表是一个CACHE上上层软件件产生路由生路由时不加入芯片路由表不加入芯片路由表芯片芯片处理理报文文时

50、，没有找到路由，没有找到路由，产生一个生一个CACHE-MISS，上，上报CPUCPU查软件路由表，得到一个主机路由，加入芯片路由表件路由表，得到一个主机路由，加入芯片路由表此后，到此后，到这个主机的个主机的报文就可以做高速文就可以做高速转发了了Page 22HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.Huawei Confidential Slide title:32-35pt Color:R153 G0 B0Corporate Font:FrutigerNext LT MediumFont to be used by customers and partners:ArialSl