考研英语真题阅读理解真题及答案.docx

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1、 考研英语真题阅读理解真题及答案 As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that th

2、ank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter

3、accuracyfar greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone。 But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real c

4、hallenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world。” Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed resul

5、ts. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2023, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries。 What they found, in at

6、tempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talentedand human perception far more complicatedthan previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled fa

7、ctory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Eart

8、h cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it。 26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in Athe use of machines to produce science fiction。 Bthe wide use of machines in manufacturing industry。 Cthe invention of tools for difficult and dangerous wo

9、rk. Dthe elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work. 27. The word “gizmos (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means Aprograms. Bexperts. Cdevices. Dcreatures。 28. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can Afulfill delicate tasks like performing br

10、ain surgery。 Binteract with human beings verbally。 Chave a little common sense。 Drespond independently to a changing world。 29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also Amake a few decisions for themselves。 Bdeal with some errors with human intervention。 Cimprove factory environments。 Dcultivat

11、e human creativity。 30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are Aexpected to copy human brain in internal structure。 Bable to perceive abnormalities immediately。 Cfar less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information。 Dbest used in a controlled environment。 26.

12、Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in 人类的制造性最初表现在 Athe use of machines to produce science fiction. 用机器来创作科幻小说，考研英语考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十一)。 Bthe wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. 制造业对机器的广泛使用。 Cthe invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work。 创造工具以处理困难和危急的工作。 Dthe elites cu

13、nning tackling of dangerous and boring work。 精英人士对危急和枯燥的工作的奇妙的处理。 【答案】 C 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 通过“Human ingenuity”和“initially”可以定位到第一段开头。“从人类产生才智初期至今，人们始终在设计越来越奇妙的工具来应付那些危急的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是肮脏的工作。”由于讲的是人类最初的制造力，因此可以排解A、B、D。 27. The word “gizmos (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means 单词“gizmos”(其次段第一行)最有可

14、能的意思是 Aprograms. 程序。 Bexperts. 专家。 Cdevices. 设备。 Dcreatures. 生物。 【答案】 C 【考点】 词义题。 【分析】 此题虽然考察的是词义，但是明显不是盼望考生通过储藏更大的词汇来答复，而是盼望考生能够利用文中消失的细节来推断这个单词的意思。其次段第一句的意思说“由此引起的结果是，现代世界已经充满着越来越多的智能_，尽管我们几乎都留意不到它们，但它们的普遍存在却节约了很多人类劳力。”然后提及到了“工厂机械手”、“自动柜员机”以及“机器人驾驶员”等等。由此我们可以认定这些设施都是对“gizmo”的例举和解释。而这几样东西具有一个共同的特征，

15、即它们都是“工具”。相比四个选项，只有C最适宜。 28. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can 依据本文，现在超越人类力量范围的是设计一种能_的机器人。 A fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery。 完成诸如脑手术这样的精细的工作。 B interact with human beings verbally。 与人类进展口头沟通。 C have a little common sense。 有一些常

16、识。 D respond independently to a changing world。 对一个变化的世界独立应付。 【答案】 D 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 依据“超越人类力量”这个关键信息，我们可以定位到第三段中“Dave Lavery”的其次句话，即“we cant yet give a robot enoughcommon senseto reliably interact with a dynamic world”。由于该句中的“dynamic”就是“动态的、变化的”意思，因此我们可以判定答案D是正确的。A文中已经提及。B的例子就是“自动柜员机”。C可以在第三段最终一句“

17、我们不能给他足够的.常识”中找到被排解的依据。 29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also 除了削减人类劳动，机器人还能够 Amake a few decisions for themselves。为自己做几个决策。 Bdeal with some errors with human intervention。通过人类干预处理一些错误。 Cimprove factory environments. 改善工厂环境。 Dcultivate human creativity。培育人的制造性。 【答案】 B 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 此题

18、要求考生查找机器人还能够从事什么工作，这就需要对四个选项进展比拟。查找答案。A提到机器人能够为自己做几个决策，通过“decision”这个单词可以定位到第三段第一句话“但是假如机器人要进入节约劳力的下一个阶段，他们必需能够在更少的人工监控下运行，并且至少能够独立地做一些打算”，这句话说明，目前机器人还不能独立做一些打算。B的意思符合第三段第三句，“虽然我们知道如何让机器人去订正一个特定的错误”。至于C，文中提到机器人是受环境掌握的，而不是反之。D的说法也反了。 30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots ar

19、e 使用猴子的例子，为的是说机器人 A expected to copy human brain in internal structure。 被期望复制人脑内部构造。 B able to perceive abnormalities immediately。 能够马上觉察到不正常状况。 C far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information。 在聚焦相关信息方面远远不如人类。 D best used in a controlled environment。 最适合在受控环境下使用。 【答案】 C 【考点】 意图题。