职称英语阅读理解及答案.docx

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1、 职称英语阅读理解及答案 The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. Most supermarkets emphasize price. Some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. Other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid

2、a price disadvantage. Since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital. Supermarkets originates in the early 1930s. They were established by independents _(2)_. Supermarkets were an immediate su

3、ccess, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. In recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins. Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery ret

4、ailing. However, different names are used to distinguish these institutions _(3)_: A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. It offers more grocery and nonfood items _(4)_. Many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction. Combination stores are usually even l

5、arger than superstore. They, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. Some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Sav-on. For many years the supermarket has been under atta

6、ck from numerous competitors. For example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (warehouse stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). Supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures _(5)_: Some c

7、ut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. Others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal t

8、o a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies). A by size and assortment B than a conventional supermarket does C including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceries D attracting more customers with their low prices E primarily in either of two ways F to compete with grocery chains KEYS: CFABE 【职称英语阅读理解及答案】