职称英语卫生类模拟试题.docx

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1、 职称英语卫生类模拟试题 1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a, survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia,

2、 Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3. Re

3、searchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model reco

4、mmended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The resear

5、chers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out

6、that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening. 7

7、. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of

8、 causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.” 练习： 1.Paragraph 2 _ 2.Paragraph 3 _ 3.Paragraph 4 _ 4.Paragraph 5 _ A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B Investigating the Effect of Screening C Effects Predicted by Two Different Models

9、 D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E Treatment of Cancers F Factors That Trigger Cancers 5.Early discovery of breast cancer may_. 6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are_. 7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may_. 8.Radiation exposure should be _. A be costly B harmful C

10、save a life D still open to debate E reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F reduced to the minimum 答案与题解： 1.A A说的是:用X射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。下面是其次段讲的意思:但是,用X射线检查年轻女人,就医学上的好处而论,是有争议的,局部缘由是辐射有诱发癌症的小小的危急。另外,年轻女人乳房组织严密,赐予的X射线的剂量要多一些。 2.B B说的是:调查用X射线检查的结果。第三段的第一句话是这么说的:Valencia理工大学的讨论人员分析了11个社区诊所用X射线检查

11、16万以上女人的结果。 3.C C说的是:两种不同的模型猜测的结果。第四段讲的是,两种不同的数学模型在猜测用X射线检査女人诱发癌症的结果是不一样的。C概括了这段话。 4.D D说的是:辐射诱发癌症的危急是很小的。第五段的第一句话是这么说的:The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.讨论人员争论说,与发觉

12、后承受治疗的癌症数字相比,由辐射诱发癌症的数字是很小的。 5.C C与题干生成:Early discovery of breast cancer may save a life.乳腺癌发觉得早或许能挽救生命。答案可以从第一段中找到。 6.D D 与题干生成:Advantages of screening women under 50 are still open to debate.对50岁以下的女人用X射线检查的好处仍旧是有争议的。其次段的第一个句子是这么说的:But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are cont

13、roversial. 但是,用X射线检查年轻女人,就医学上的好处而论,是有争议的这两个句子用词有些差异,根本意思是一样的。 7.E E与题干生成:Delaying the age at which screening starts may reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer.延缓用X射线检查的年龄或许能削减辐射诱发癌症的危急。答案在第六段。 8.F F与题干生成:Radiation exposure should be reduced to the minimum.应把承受福射降低到最小的程度。答案在文章的最终一句。 【职称英语卫生类模拟试题】