英语模块四第三单元语法.ppt

《英语模块四第三单元语法.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语模块四第三单元语法.ppt（71页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 Unit3Grammar and UsageThe lovely robots attracts the visitors.The visitors are attracted by the lovely robots.S.V.O.O.V.S.The largest Christmas tree _(make).And the child _(take)photos with it.has been madeis being takenThe Great Wall was visited by many people last year.S.V.O.O.V.S.Many people vis

2、ited the Great Wall last year.The Passive voicebe+past participleWhen do we use the passive voice?Many houses will be built here.1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。The song“The East is Red”was written by a poor peasant.2.强调动作的承受者。The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.3.动作的执

3、行者有较长的修饰语。You are requested to attend the meeting.4.出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作的执行者。be+done am/is/are 一般现在时一般现在时 am/is/are+being现在进行时现在进行时shall/will+be一般将来时have/has+been现在完成时现在完成时be+done was/were 一般过去时一般过去时 was/were+being过去进行时过去进行时would+be过去将来时had+been过去完成时过去完成时Summary:TenseThe active voiceThe passive voiceThe sim

4、ple presentThe present continuousThe present perfectdo/doesare/is doneam/is/are doinghas/have doneam/is/are being donehave/has been doneThe simple futureThe simple pastThe past continuousThe past perfectbe going to/will dodidwas/were doinghad donebe going to/will be donewas/were donewas/were being d

5、onehad been doneHave a try:Change the following sentences into the passive voice.1).The cat plays the ball.2).You are writing a letter.3).Sharon will bring some books.The ball is played by the cat.A letter is being written by you.Some books will be brought by Sharon.4).My mum bought a bag for me.A b

6、ag was brought for me by my mum.5).Jane was doing her homework.Her homework was being done by Jane.6).We had painted some pictures before you came.Some pictures had been painted by us before you came.7).I am going to water the flowers.The flowers are going to be watered by me.8).He told me that they

7、 would hold the meeting the next day.He told me that the meeting would be held by them the next day.Practice:1.Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:1.I _(give)a new book by my father on my birthday.2.English _(find)very useful.3.The picture _(finish)tomorrow.was givenis foundwil

8、l be finished4.The bike _(repair)by them now.5.The building_(build)this time last year.6.How _the flags already _ make)?7.The new railway _(build)by the end of last year.is being repairedwas being builthavebeen madehad been built 8.What_(discuss)now?9.Rice _(grow)in the south of the States.10.Jane s

9、aid her friends_(invite)to her birthday party the next week.is being discussedis grownwould be invited2.Complete the passage on Page 49.Answers:1)are being 2)Electric Wear 3)been developed 4)teenagers 5)was invented 6)are uses 7)been completed 8)will be produced 9)will be 10)was announced 11)was sho

10、wn 12)are cleanedII.Exercises and summaryPlease read Point 3 on Page 48 and do the following exercises.We usually use by to introduce the doer of the action,but we do not mention the doer when it is not necessary or not important,or when it is difficult to say who the doer is.Point out the passive s

11、entences without mentioning the doer in NOT just watching a film.Point 1.He often tells us interesting stories.We are often told interesting stories.Interesting stories are often told to us.peoplethingsO.O.Point 2.When verbs like give,lend,offer,send,tell and show can be followed by two objects,in t

12、he passive voice we often use the person as the subject,and sometimes the thing is used.I hear the girl sing English songs.The girl is heard sing English songs.tothe active voice make/see/hear sb do sth the passive voice sb be made/seen/heard to do sthPoint 3.This sweater_(wash)well.Your article_(re

13、ad)well.The pen_(write)smoothly.washesreadswritesThese verbs used in the active voice give a passive meaning.Point 4.Translate the sentences using get done.My bike got stolen last night.The eggs have got broken.The workers have got paid.Get can also be used in the passive voice instead of be.Point 5

14、.1.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。我的自行车昨晚被偷了。2.这些蛋已经被打碎了。这些蛋已经被打碎了。3.工资已经付给了工人们工资已经付给了工人们。Special passive patterns.Translate the sentences.It is said that he will recover soon.It is reported that another book will be published next month.Point 6.1.据说他很快恢复了。据说他很快恢复了。2.据报道下个月又一本书要出版。据报道下个月又一本书要出版。It+passive verb+that-cla

15、useSubject+passive verb+to-infinitiveAnother book is reported to be published next month.Some transitive verbs cannot be used in the passive voice,as they indicate states not actions,such as have,like,belongPoint 7.特别注意：特别注意：1.只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语态。语态。不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词不及物动词，不及物动词短

16、语或系动词没有被动语态。没有被动语态。如如：happen,go on,take place,belong to,sound,feel等。等。Correct mistakes:Correct mistakes:This room is belonged to me.This music is sounded sweet.belongs tosounds下列动词及短语不可用于被动语态：happen occurappeardie becomebenefitcostfaillast lackmean havecontain equal fitlierisesufferspread fallgo tak

17、e placecome about break out take ones placemake up ones mindmake a facebelong toconsist of depend oncome truerun outgive outlose heartkeep ones wordagree with系动词一般不用于被动语态，但有些表状态的系动词，主动表被动 如：look feel smelltastesoundproveappearEg.The rose smells sweet.Cotton feels soft.Good medicine tastes bitter.2.2

18、.有些动词常用主动形式表示被动的意思，有些动词常用主动形式表示被动的意思，如如：open,write,read,sell,wash,measure 等等。Your article reads well.This type of car sells well in China.This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.下列动词常主动表被动sellreadfeelwritewearwashopencleancookkeepcutfillblowmeasure lockrunrecordbeginshutIt is said that

19、 It is reported thatIt is hoped that It is well known that It is believed that It must be pointed out that 3.3.在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。如：如：It is reported that another man-made satellite will be sent into the moon next month.Another man-made satellite is reported to be sent into the moon next m

20、onth.据报道据报道,下个月又一颗人造卫星将会被发送到月球上下个月又一颗人造卫星将会被发送到月球上.The three missing sailors are believed to have drowned.It is believed that the three missing sailors have drowned.人们认为这三个失踪的海员已经淹死了人们认为这三个失踪的海员已经淹死了.It is said that Li Ping will study abroad.Li Ping is said to study abroad.It is said that Li Ping is

21、 studying abroad.Li Ping is said to be studying abroad.Li Ping is said to have studied abroad.Li Ping is said to have been studying abroad.It is said that Li Ping studied abroad.It is said that Li Ping has been studying abroad.被动语态与系表结构：被动语态与系表结构：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，过去分词表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状

22、态。The long novel was written by Mr.Lu Xun in the 1920s.The long novel is well written,isnt it?The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.Look,the glass is broken!Who broke it?被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构Modal verb+be+doneYou must close the windows.The windows must be closed.The viewer can

23、touch the objects.The objects can be touched.We can use modal verbs in the passive voice to talk about ability,possibility,duty,permission,etc.modal verb+be doneFill in the blanks.1.Some viewers might not _ (impress)by the RealCine.2.Special gloves must_(wear).3.A real sense of achievement and happi

24、ness may_(feel).be impressedbe wornbe feltRead the first report and complete the second on Page 50.ConsolidationRead the passage on Page50 and Page 51,then fill in the blanks.Answers:1)can be reduced 2)must be taken 3)should be made 4)must be worn 5)may become 6)ought to be reduced 7)might be curedA

25、nswers to the Ex.on Page 51:2)bored with 3)interested in 4)was written by 5)was set up 6)were employed 7)was surprised by 8)was accused of 9)was questioned by 10)was closed down 11)was purchased1.It remains _ whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals.(浙江浙江 2006)A.seenB.to be seenC.seeingD.to

26、 seeB被动语态的高考题被动语态的高考题 2.I dont suppose the police know who did it.Well,surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and _ now.(江苏江苏 2006)A.has been questioned B.is being questioned C.is questioning D.has questionedB3.Your job _ open for your return.Thanks.(北京北京 2006)A.will be keptB.will keepC.had ke

27、ptD.had been keptA4.Tom sounds very much _ in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.(安徽安徽 2006)A.interestedB.interestingC.interestingly D.interestedly5.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(上海上海 2004)A.to smell B.smellingC.smelt D.to be sm

28、elt AB6.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where _ yet.(浙江浙江 2007)A.hasnt been decidedB.havent decided C.isnt being decided D.arent decidedA7.Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.(江苏江苏 20

29、05)A.will not be sent;thatB.not be sent;thatC.should not be sent;whatD.should not send;whatB8._ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.(上海上海 2005)A.What is requiredB.What requiresC.It is requiredD.It requires 9.Customers are asked to make sure th

30、at they _ the right change before leaving the shop.(重庆重庆 2006)A.will giveB.have been givenC.have given D.will be givenCB10.At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement _.(江江苏苏 2007)A.has been reachedB.had been reachedC.has reachedD.had reachedB11.If Newton lived today,he would be sur

31、prised by what _ in science and technology.(天津天津 2007)A.had discoveredB.had been discovered C.has discoveredD.has been discoveredD12.I got caught in the rain and my suit _.(北京北京 2007)A.has ruined B.had ruined C.has been ruined D.had been ruined13.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the

32、tickets had been sold out.(陕西陕西2006)A.to tell B.to be toldC.telling D.toldCB14.The construction of the two new railway lines _ by now.(陕西陕西2006)A.has completed B.have completedC.have been completedD.has been completedD15.The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.(四川四川2006)

33、A.hold B.holdingC.held D.to be heldD考点点拨考点点拨 考例回顾考例回顾 1.A VR headset was designed by scientists.(P48)考点考点 was designed是一般过去时的被是一般过去时的被动语态，表示一个动作在过去被完成动语态，表示一个动作在过去被完成。考例考例1 The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.(2007全国卷全国卷I)A.soldB.had been soldC.were soldD.would sell点拨点拨 the flowers和和se

34、ll之间是被动关系，之间是被动关系，故排除故排除A和和D项。项。were so lovely与与sell是是同时存在的状态和动作，没有先后关系，同时存在的状态和动作，没有先后关系，排除排除B项。项。故选故选C项。项。考例考例2 As the years passed,many occasions birthdays,awards,graduations _ with Dads flowers.(湖南湖南2007)A.are markedB.were markedC.have markedD.had marked 点拨点拨 句意：随着岁月的流逝，许多大句意：随着岁月的流逝，许多大的场合，如我的生

35、日聚会、颁奖议式、的场合，如我的生日聚会、颁奖议式、毕业典礼，我父亲的鲜花都烙下了印记。毕业典礼，我父亲的鲜花都烙下了印记。主语主语occasions与与mark之间是被动关系，之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；所以要用被动语态；as从句用了一般过从句用了一般过去时，主从句时态应一致，故用一般过去时，主从句时态应一致，故用一般过去时去时，选，选B项。项。2.Right now the new product is being developed in the laboratory.(P48)考点考点 is being developed是现在进行时是现在进行时的被动语态，表示动作正在被进行。的

36、被动语态，表示动作正在被进行。考例考例Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?Yes,I have.I guess it _ now.(辽辽宁宁2007)A.has gradedB.is gradedC.is being gradedD.is grading点拨点拨 句意：句意：你交作业了吗？你交作业了吗？交了。我猜想现在老师正在批改。交了。我猜想现在老师正在批改。根据根据空格所在句的主语可知，谓语动词应用空格所在句的主语可知，谓语动词应用被动语态；根据被动语态；根据now一词，可知应用现一词，可知应用现在进行时在进行时，所以，所以C项正确。项正确。3.A

37、n agreement has been put forward.(P48)考点考点 has been put forward是现在完成是现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已经被完成。时的被动语态，表示动作已经被完成。考例考例1 When you get the paper back,pay special attention to what _.(四四川川2007)A.have markedB.have been marked C.had markedD.had been marked点拨点拨 因因mark这一动作发生在这一动作发生在get之前，之前，且试卷是被批注，因此应用过去完成时且试卷是被

38、批注，因此应用过去完成时的被动语态，的被动语态，故选故选B项。项。考例考例2 With the help of high technology,more and more new substances _ in the past years.(上海上海2007)A.discoveredB.have discoveredC.had been discoveredD.have been discovered点拨点拨 in/during the past years所在句所在句子要用现在完成时态，子要用现在完成时态，substances是是“被被发现发现”，故用被动形式。，故用被动形式。D项为正确选

39、项为正确选项。项。4.The technology behind RealCine is said to be virtual reality.(P48)考点考点 sb./sth.+be said+动词不定式动词不定式作主语补足语。如果表示动作正在进行，作主语补足语。如果表示动作正在进行，用不定式的进行式；表示动作已经完成，用不定式的进行式；表示动作已经完成，则需用不定式的完成式。本句中用了不则需用不定式的完成式。本句中用了不定式的一般式，表示状态。类似的动词定式的一般式，表示状态。类似的动词有：有：believe,report,consider,suppose,know等。等。考例考例1 L

40、eonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.(重重庆庆2007)A.is said to be buyingB.is said to have boughtC.had said to buy D.has said to have bought点拨点拨 sb./sth.is said to do sth.据说某据说某人人/物做某事。物做某事。因为买鸟这一动作发生在因为买鸟这一动作发生在说之前，因此此处应用不定式的完成时说之前，因此此处应用不定

41、式的完成时态。故选态。故选B项。项。考例考例2 The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.(辽宁辽宁2007)A.breakingB.having brokenC.to have brokenD.to break点拨点拨 sb./sth.is reported to do sth.为为常用的表达方式，常用的表达方式，to do 不能用不能用doing 形形式代替，式代替，“打破世界记录打破世界记录”是已经发生是已经发生的事情，故用不定式的完成式的事情，故用不定式的完成式。故选。故选C项。项。Homework1.Review what we learned today.2.Finish exercises on page 92.3.Preview Task.