The British Parliament英国议会.ppt

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1、TheBritishParliament英国议会Houses of ParliamentHouse of LordsPerson who sits in the House of Lords should be over 21 years old.Furthermore,only citizens of the United Kingdom,?Commonwealth?citizens,and citizens of Ireland may sit in the House of Lords.?Most members of the House of Lords are appointed.?

2、The membership of the House of Lords is made up of?Lords Spiritual?and?Lords Temporal.The Lords Spiritual are 26?bishops?in the?established?Church of England.?Of the Lords Temporal,the majority are?life peers?who are appointed by the?monarch?on the advice of the?Prime Minister,or on the advice of th

3、e?House of Lords Appointments Commission.However,they also include some?hereditary peers.?Under the?House of Lords Act 1999,the right to membership was restricted to?92 hereditary peers.Very few of these are female since most hereditary peerages can only be inherited by men.The Power of the LordsWha

4、t the lords does?Making lawsChecking and challenging governmentMaking lawsBills start in either the House of Lords or House of Commons.They go through set stages of approval in both Houses before they become an Act of Parliament.However,the power of Lords is less than the Commons after 1911.Checking

5、 and challenging governmentThe House of Lords plays an important role in checking and challenging the decisions and actions of the government through questions and debates.Power change in the house of LordsParliament Act 1911 removed the ability of the House of Lords to veto money bills,with any oth

6、er bills,the House of Commons was given powers to overrule the Lords veto after three parliamentary sessions.Parliament Act 1949 amended the 1911 act reducing the time the Lords could delay a bill from three sessions to two.The reform effectGive the House of Lords the power to delay legislation but

7、not to prevent it.The tendency and the futureThe Lords Power is weaken,and less than the Commons.I think the Lords will be in a dilemma in the future,and its power will be weaken again.The British The British parliament:parliament:the House of Commonssome introductionsome introductionthe House of Co

8、mmons which currently consists of about 646 Members of Parliament elected by the people to represent them.MPs represent voters in a particular area,known as a constituency or seat.MPs are only allowed to sit for the lifetime of the parliament,that is,the length of time between General Elections when

9、 a new set of MPs is elected.However,MPs can be reelected a limitless number of times and so popular MPs have veritable(真正的，名副其实的）careers as parliamentarians.members in the lower houses members in the lower housesways to become membersWays to become membersWays to become membersPeople wishing to sta

10、nd as an MP(Members of Parliament)must be over 18 years of age,be a British citizen or citizen of a Commonwealth country or the Republic of IrelandCandidates must be nominated by ten parliamentary electors of the constituency（选民）they wish to stand in.Authorisation is required to stand for a specific

11、 party,otherwise candidates will be described as independent or have no description.In order to encourage only serious candidates to stand,a?o500 deposit is required when submitting the nomination papers-returned if the candidate receives over five per cent of the total votes cast.Certain people are

12、 disqualified from standing as an MP-please check the Electoral Commission website for further details.http:/www.electoralcommission.org.uk/i-am-a/candidate-or-Rights of the House of Commonthe House of Common VS the prime minister Although it does not formally elect the prime minister,the position o

13、f the parties in the House of Commons is of over-riding importance.By convention,the prime minister is answerable to,and must maintain the support of,the House of Commons.Thus,whenever the office of prime minister falls vacant,the Sovereign appoints the person who has the support of the Houseor who

14、is most likely to command the support of the Housenormally the leader of the largest party in the Commonsof Lords.(The leader of the second-largest party becomes the Leader of Her Majestys Loyal Opposition.)Since 1963,by convention,the prime minister is always a member of the House of Commons,rather

15、 than the House of Lords.The House of Common VS ministersIn modern times,the vast majority of ministers belong to the Commons rather than the Lords.We can almostly draw a conclusion that the main power of the parliament is handled by the House of the Common.The House of Commons VS The GovernmentThe

16、House of Commons scrutinises HM Government through Question Time,during which members have the opportunity to ask questions of the prime minister and of other cabinet ministers.Questions must relate to the responding ministers official government activities,not to his or her activities as a party le

17、ader or as a private Member of Parliament.The House of Commons technically retains the power to impeach Ministers of the Crown(or any other subject,even if not a public officer)for their crimes.Whats moreThe governments activities are responsible for the House of Common.In other words,the government

18、 is under the spy of the House of Common.Although both houses have the right to move a motion,but controversial motions proposed by the lower House and motion of the upper House of Parliament responsible for the minor,so that the agenda of both houses are evenly distributed.Bring a bill此此课件下件下载可自行可自行编辑修改，修改，仅供参考！供参考！感感谢您的支持，我您的支持，我们努力做得更好！努力做得更好！谢谢!