中考英语语法专项复习-代词和连词(教育精品).ppt

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1、 代词和连词代词和连词 代 词要点梳理 中考对代词考查的重点有：中考对代词考查的重点有：1.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法和区别；形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法和区别；2.it,one(s),that,those等作替代词的用法；等作替代词的用法；3.部分不定代词在意义和功能上的不同，如：部分不定代词在意义和功能上的不同，如：all,both,either,any,neither,none和和one,another,the other,some,others,the others等；等；4.疑问代词、反身代词等。疑问代词、反身代词等。.指示代词单数thisthat复数these

2、those 1.this,these (1)近指。近指。如：如：This is my pen.These are my books.(2)指下文要提到的事。如：指下文要提到的事。如：Please remember this:No pains,no gains.2.that,those (1)远指。如：That is her ruler.Those are their bikes.(2)指上文刚刚提到过的事。如：He was ill.That was why he didnt come to your party.(3)打电话时用this 介绍自己，用that询问对方。如：This is Bet

3、ty speaking.Whos that?.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1.人称代词：主格I youshe,he,it weyouthey宾格meyouher,him,itusyouthem主格在句中充当主语。主格在句中充当主语。宾格在句中充当宾语。宾格在句中充当宾语。如：如：I help you.You thank me.2.物主代词形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mine yourshishersitsours yourstheirs (1)形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。般

4、不单独使用。(2)名词性物主代词常用来避免重复上文已提到名词性物主代词常用来避免重复上文已提到的名词，相当于的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词名词形容词性物主代词名词”。注意：一变(如：mymine)二留(如：hishis;itsits)三加s(如：youryours;ourours;herhers;theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，无名是名 如：This is my(我的)book.This book is mine(我的)3.反身代词：某某自己；亲自。第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthe

5、mselves反身代词的常见搭配：(1)enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快(2)hurt oneself 伤着自己(3)teach oneselflearn.by oneself自学(4)(all)by oneself(完全)独立地(5)help oneself to请自便；随便吃(6)look after oneself自理；照顾自己(7)leave one by oneself把单独留下(8)lose oneself in陶醉于；沉浸于.疑问代词和关系代词主格宾格所有格指人whowhomwhose指物whatwhose指人或指物whichwhose 1.疑问代词通常位于句首，引出

6、特殊疑问句。如：What are you doing,Jim?吉姆，你在干什么？Whose wallet is this?这是谁的钱包？Which bike is yours?哪辆自行车是你的？2关系代词用来引导宾语从句或定语从句。注：what不能在定语从句中充当关系代词。疑问代词和关系代词中的难点：无论是做疑问代词还是关系代词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内。如：Which girls do you like best？你最喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best？你最喜欢什么样的姑娘？who

7、m是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：Who(m)did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到了谁？(作动词宾语)Who(m)are you taking the book to？你要把这书带给谁？(作介词宾语，置句首)For whom are you waiting？你在等谁？(作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who取代。).普通不定代词some,any few,littlenone,one,othermany,mucheither,neithereach,everyboth,all 1.som

8、e与any 一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用some。此类句型常以could,would开头。2.a lot of 许多(但a lot of不能用于否定句)3.few,a few;little,a little表否定表肯定后接可数名词few(几乎没有)a few(几个；一些)后接不可数名词little(几乎没有)a little(一点儿；少许)如：如：The story is easy to read.There are few new words in it.这个故事很容易看懂，因为里面几乎没有新单

9、词。这个故事很容易看懂，因为里面几乎没有新单词。Hurry up!There is little time left.快点，没多少时间了。快点，没多少时间了。4.other,another,others单数复数泛指another三者或三者以上的另一个othersother名词复数(别的人或物，但不是全部)常用结构：some.,others.特指one.the other一个另一个the othersthe other名词复数(其余所有的人或物)如：We study other subjects besides Chinese.除了语文外，我们还学习其它功课。May I have another

10、 apple?我可以再吃一个苹果吗？These cups are clean.the others are dirty.这些杯子是干净的，其它的都是脏的。I have two pens.One is red,the other is blue.我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。5.二者与三者都都不任何两者bothneithereither三者allnoneany 注意：both否定 neither;all否定 none both,all 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither,none作主语为单数，但none of复名，neither of复名。如：Neither o

11、f my parents is a teacher.我的父母都不是老师。There are many trees on either side of the river.河的任一边 都有很多树。6.each,every 都意为“每一个”。each指两者或两者以上的人或事，every指三者或三者以上的人或事。each在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，可与of连用；every在句中只能作定语，且不能与of连用。如：Every student in the class likes English.班里的每个学生都喜欢英语。Each of the students studied hard.每个学生都很努力

12、学习。.复合不定代词somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverything 注：当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else须放在复合不定代词后。如：I want to give you something different to eat.我想给你一些不同的东西吃。everyone,anyone,no one 只能指人；every one,any one,none既可指人，也可指物，还可与of短语连用。如：Every one of us wants to

13、read the book.我们中的每一个人都想要看这本书。感悟中考【例1】(2011丽水)Kate and I are going to the concert this weekend.Dad will take _ there.A.it B.you C.us D.them 解析：本题考查人称代词的宾格用法。介词后应该用人称 代词的宾格，与“Kate and I”对应的应是“我们”。故选C。C【例2】(2011苏州)Can I use your bike this afternoon?_ is under repair.No problem.Heres the key.A.My B.Min

14、e C.Me D.I 解析：本题考查人称代词四格的辨析。观察句式，此空须填入能独立做主语的人称代词，则选mine或I；根据句意“我的在 修理”则选mine(我的)。故选B。B【例3】(2011黄石)Who teaches _ painting?Nobody,I teach _.A.your;mine B.your;my C.you;myself D.you;me 解析：本题考查人称代词宾格及反身代词的用法。动词teach后用宾格，则选you；根据句意“谁教你画画？没人，我自学。”teach oneself意为“自学”。故选C。C【例4】(2011河北)Wed better wait _ mor

15、e minutes.I think Jeff will come soon.A.a few B.few C.a little D.little 解析：本题考查不定代词。根据题意可知：再等几分钟，且minutes为可数名词复数。故选A。A【例5】(2011荷泽)_of the two story books are very interesting,so I cant decide which one to choose.A.All B.Any C.Either D.Both 解析：本题考查不定代词的用法。”；all意为“三者或三者以上都”；any意为“三者或以上中的任一”；both意为“两者都

16、，either意为“两者中任一”；。根据句中的关键词“two,are”，可确定both为正确选项。故选D。D【例6】(2010黄冈)How many students like his song?_ of us likes it.It sounds terrible.A.None B.Nobody C.Every one D.All解析：本题考查不定代词的用法。根据句意“它听起来很恐怖”可确定选项应为A或B，而与of连用的只能用none。故选A。A【例7】(2011宁波)Who helped Jessie with her English?_，she taught herself.A.Anyb

17、ody B.Somebody C.Nobody D.Everybody解析：本题考查不定代词的用法。根据句意“她自学”可知 没人帮她。故选C。C领悟语法单项选择()1.Is this _ ruler?No._ is over there.(2011天津)A.her;Her B.her;Hers C.hers;Hers D.hers;Her 解析：考查物主代词的用法。形容词性的物主代词后要接名词，而名词性的物主代词则不用跟名词。B()2.Tomorrow is Davids tenth birthday.Yes.Lets give _ a CD.He likes music.(2011衢州)A.

18、himself B.his C.him D.he 解析：考查代词的用法。himself为反身代词，意为“他自己”；his作形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；him是宾格，作宾语；he为主格，作主语。根据句意“让我们给他一个 CD。”缺少宾语。故选C。C()3.Excuse me,I want to have my watch fixed,but I cant find a repair shop.I know _ nearby.Come on,Ill show you.(2011扬州)A.one B.it C.some D.that 解析：考查数词。one表示有一个；it代指上面提到的事物；s

19、ome指一些；that指的是那件事。句意：我知道附近有一个修理店。故选A。A()4.Peter tried on three jackets,but _ of them fitted him.(2011徐州)A.all B.both C.none D.neither 解析：考查不定代词的用法。all意为“都；全部”，强调三者或者三者以上的人或事物；both意为“两者都”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”；neither意为“两者都不”。句意为“彼得试穿了三件夹克衫，但是都不合身”。故选C。C()5.Hi,Jim!Is this your bike or Marys?Its mine,not

20、_.(2011兰州)A.her B.him C.his D.hers 解析：考查名词性物主代词。答句意为“是我的，不是她的”，此处用女性的名词性物主代词，故选D。D()6.I have two brothers.One is a teacher,_ is a doctor.(2011宜宾)A.another B.other C.others D.the other 解析：考查one.the other 固定用法。根据句意：我有两个哥哥，一位是老师，另一位是医生。故选D。D()7.Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?I dont care._ is fine.(2

21、011宿迁)A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.All 解析：考查代词的用法。either意为“任何一个”；neither意为“两者都不”；both意为“两者都”；all意为“全部”。根据答句谓语动词是is故排除C、D。由答“我不在乎。任何一种都好”，应排除B。故选A。A()8.Did you see Peter and Mike?No,I saw _of them.(2011枣庄)A.neither B.either C.both D.none 解析：考查不定代词。根据句意：你看见彼得和迈克了吗？不，他们两个我一个也没看见。neither两者中任何一个都不，either两

22、者中的任 何一个，both两者都，none三者或三者以上都不。故选A。A()9.I knocked on the door but _ answered.(2011北京)A.somebody B.nobody C.anybody D.everybody 解析：考查不定代词。根据句意：我敲门，但是没人开。故选B。B()10.Teenagers should learn to protect _ from all kinds of danger.(2011潍坊)A.them B.they C.their D.themselves 解析：考查人称代词辨析。them意为“他们”，作宾格；they意为“

23、他们”，作主格；their意为“他们的”，作形容词性物主代词，后面跟名词；themselves意为“他们自己”，作反身代词。句意为“青少年 应该学会保护自己免受各种危险。”protect oneself意为“保护自己”。故选D。D连 词要点梳理 中考对连词的考查内容主要是连词的中考对连词的考查内容主要是连词的基本用法和一些常见近义连词的辨析，大基本用法和一些常见近义连词的辨析，大多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句中考查。中考查。连词分并列连词和从属连词。连词分并列连词和从属连词。.并列连词 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1

24、.表并列关系的and,both.and,not only.but also,neither.nor等。2.表选择关系的or,either.or.等。3.表转折关系的but,while(然而)等。.从属连词 从属连词用于连接各种从句的连词。1引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词that,whether和if；连接代词有who,whom,whose,which,what等，连接副词有when,where,how,why等。2引导状语从句的从属连词 (1)引导时间状语从句有when,whenever,after,before,while,as,since(自从),until，as soon as等；(2

25、)引导原因状语从句有as,because,since(既然)；(3)引导地点状语从句有where,wherever；(4)引导条件状语从句有if，unless,so/as long as(只要)；(5)引导目的状语从句有so that(为了)；(6)引导结果状语从句有so(such).that,so that(结果)；(7)引导比较状语从句有as,as.as,not so.as,than；(8)引导让步状语从句有although,though,even though。感悟中考【例1】(2010东营)I am a fan of Liu Qian._ his magic _ his humor a

26、ttracts me.A.Both.and B.Either.or C.Neither.nor D.Not only.but also 解析：本题考查表示并列关系的并列连词。根据句意：我是刘谦的“粉丝”，他的魔术和幽默都吸引着 我，则A或D符合语意；根据关键词attracts为动词的第三人称单数形式。故选D。D【例2】(2010常州)I would like you to talk about the Great Wall.Im sorry,but _ Jack _ I have been there.A.either;or B.neither;nor C.both;and D.not onl

27、y;but also 解析：本题考查表示并列关系的并列连词。题干提到“对不起”，说明两人都没去过长城。neither.nor.意为“两者都不”。故选B。B【例3】(2010河北)Jenny,put on your coat _ you will catch a cold.A.but B.and C.or D.so 解析：本题考查表示选择关系的并列连词。根据题意“穿上衣服，否则你会感冒。”故选C。C【例4】(2010黄冈)Wang Jinquan,a teacher from Qichun,has supported many poor students to college._ he hims

28、elf lives a plain(朴素的)life.A.So B.But C.Because D.Though 解析：本题考查表示转折关系的并列连词。联系上下文“支持很多贫穷的孩子上大学”与“自己过着朴素的生活”形成转折关系；根据句意though(尽管)符合题意。故选D。D【例5】(2011苏州)Good to see you again.Its almost three years _ we met last time.A.until B.before C.while D.since 解析：本题考查引导时间状语从句的连词。Its一段时间since从句(一般过去式)意为“自从 开始到现在已经

29、多少时间了”。故选D。D【例6】(2011宁波)I hear the famous singer Xu Song may come to Ningbo next month.Really?_ he comes,my youngest sister will be very excited.A.If B.Until C.Unless D.Before 解析：考查引导条件状语从句的连词。根据句意“如果他来，我的小妹妹会很兴奋”，故选A。A【例7】(2010厦门)How do you like the songs sung by Jay Chou?They are wonderful,_ I can

30、 hear hardly clearly sometimes.A.though B.because C.so 解析：本题考查由though引导的让步状语从句。根据句意“尽管我有时几乎听不清楚，但他们很精彩。可知应选A。A【例8】(2010临沂)The art club is for members only.You cant go in _ you are a member.A.unless B.because C.if D.though 解析：本题考查unless引导的条件状语从句。句意为“这个艺术俱乐部只为会员开放。除非你是会员才能够进入”。故选A。A领悟语法()1._Lisa _ Luc

31、y may go with you because one of them must stay at home to take care of the dog.(2011黄石)A.Not only.but also B.Neither.nor C.Both.and D.Either.or 解析：考查词义辨析。Not only.but also意为“不但而且”；Neither.nor 意为“二者都不”，Both.and意为“二者都”；Either.or意为“二者其中之一”；根据句意：Lisa 与Lucy只有一个可能和你走，因为她们中一个必须呆在家照顾狗。所以应选Either.or。D()2.St

32、and over there,_ you will get a better view of the whole city.(2011济宁)A.or B.and C.but D.though解析：考查连词。由上句“站在那边”和下句“你能更好的看整个 城市的景色。”可知，两者为承接关系，故选B。B()3.Tony is a quiet student,_ he is active in class.(2011河北)A.so B.and C.but D.or 解析：考查but用法，quiet和active正好相反，用but表示 意思的转折。C()4.Hurry up,_ you will miss

33、 the plane.(2011北京)A.and B.but C.so D.or 解析：考查连词。and“那么”，but“但是”，so“因此”，or“否则”，根据句意：赶快，否则你就赶不上飞机了。故选D。D()5.Dont forget to wash your hands _ you have meals.(2011临沂)A.before B.until C.though D.unless 解析：考查连词。根据句意和常识，应为“饭前洗手”，用连词before表达“在之前”。A()6.I suggest buying her a Teddy Bear for her birthday._som

34、eone else brings the same present?(2011青岛)A.If B.What C.What if D.How about 解析：考查连词。根据句意I suggest buying her a Teddy Bear for her birthday.“我建议她生日送只泰迪熊。”可知选C，意为“如果将会怎么样？”表条件的假设关系。C()7.You will achieve nothing _ you work hard.(2011青岛)A.if B.unless C.when D.that 解析：考查连词。根据You will achieve nothing“你什么都

35、做不成。”和 you work hard.“你努力工作。”可知二者是表条件的假设关系，故选B，意为“除非”，与if.not同义。B()8.Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years.Today it is still loved by _ the young _ the old.(2011山东)A.both.and.B.either.or.C.not.but.D.neither.nor.解析：考查连词。关键词still“仍旧”可推知具有将近三百年历史的篮球至今仍被老人和年轻人所热爱，故选A，意为“和两者都”。A()9._ Amy likes to

36、go to the cinema,but she doesnt like to see horror films.(2011无锡)A.Since B.As C.Though D.不填解析：考查连词。英语中though与but不能同时出现在同一个句子中，句中已 有but，故选D。D()10.Would you like to go for a walk with me,Allen?(2011威海)Id love to,_you dont want to go alone.A.until B.before C.if D.after 解析：考查连词。until意为“直到”，before意为“在以前；

37、在之前”，if为“如果；是否”，after 指“在之后”。根据“如果 你不想独自去的话，我想(和你一起)去”可知用if。C提高题.根据中文或上下文意思填写单词 Parents,especially (那些)of teenagers,care about their childrens education more than anything else.They would do (一切)for their children.Many of (他们)spend most of their spare time helping their children with their studies.I

38、f they have no time or cannot do it ,they would hire family teachers or send their children to afterclass schools.It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for children.thoseeverythingthemthemselves How can we explain the present situation?First of ,many parents have realized futu

39、re success depends more and more on skills and education.Secondly,in a competitive(竞争)society there are (都)losers and winners.Those have better skills and more knowledge will enjoy more opportunities.Certainly,is important to learn to succeed,(但是)the first thing to learn is how to survive(生存)and how to be a qualified citizen(合格的公民).If this is included in good education,the children will surely have a bright future and be healthy in body and mind.allthatbothwhoitbut