地球生态系统-圈层英文版.ppt

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1、The Earth as a SystemEarths SpheresEarth System Science(ESS)The study of the interactions between and among events and Earths spheres A relatively new science(1988)Earths SphereAtmosphereHydrosphereLithosphereBiosphereCryosphereAnthrosphereAtmosphereA gaseous sphere and it envelopes the Earth,Consis

2、ts of a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide,and water vapor.HydrosphereAll of the water on Earth71%of the earth is covered by water and only 29%is terra firmaLithosphereThe Earths solid surface,often called the crust of the earth.It includes continental and oceanic

3、crust as well as the various layers of the Earths interior.BiosphereAll life on earth,including man,and all organisms.The life zone on our planet distinguishes our planet from the others in the solar system.CryosphereThe portion of the Earths surface where water is in a solid formSnow or ice:include

4、s glaciers,ice shelves,snow,icebergs,and arctic climatologyAnthrosphereMan and his direct ancestors,hominids.The human population,its buildings,dams,and other constructions.Interconnected Spheres Spheres are closely connected Changes are often chain reactionsA change in one sphere results in changes

5、 in others-called an eventForest fire destroys plants in an areaInteractions between spheresNo plants=erosion Soil in water=increased turbidityTurbidity=impacts water plants/animalsEvent SphereCauses&EffectsInteractionsEvent SphereSphereSphereESS AnalysisEventsCause-effect eventsInteractions Natural

6、 eventsEarthquake,hurricane,forest firesHuman caused eventsOil spill,air pollution,constructionESS Analysis What spheres caused the event?Sphere Event What are effects of the event on the spheres?Event SpheresHow do changes in one sphere impact on other spheres?Sphere SphereUnderstandingInteractionsGlobal implicationsHelps people predict outcomesPreparation for natural disastersEnvironmental impacts of human activitiesESS AnalysisAn Example-handoutYellowstone Forest FireGroup activity Mt St Helens eruption,1980 Hurricane Andrew,1992