2022年山东潍坊中考英语试题及答案.doc

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1、2022年山东潍坊中考英语试题及答案注意事项：1. 本试题满分80分，考试时间为90分钟；2. 答卷前务必将试题密封线内及答题卡上面的项目填涂清楚。所有答案都必须涂、写在答题卡相应位置，答在本试卷上一律无效。一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMiss Bradley: Debbie? The people at Sunny Bankyou know, the home for old peoplewant someone to give a talk. Could you do it? Debbie: Me? S

2、tand up and talk? I cant do that. Miss B: Debbie, its not a big deal. Jess: Why not, Debbie? I mean, the old people arent going to laugh or be nasty. Debbie: No, I know. Butoh, I dont know. Im just not brave enough, thats all. I cant do it, and thats that. Jess: Here she comes. Go on, Pete. Pete: OK

3、. Well, lookits yellow Debbie. The school chicken. Debbie: I beg your pardon? Pete: I hear you wont give a talk at Sunny Bank. Ooh, all those scary old people! Its a bit pathetic, eh, Debbie? Debbie: Chicken? Pathetic? No one calls me that! Debbie: Miss Bradley? Ive changed my mind. I want to do the

4、 talk after all. Miss B: Good for you, Debbie. How about Friday, around 5 oclock? Jess: It worked! Well done, Pete. Pete: Thanks. But I dont think I can ever talk to Debbie again!1. Miss Bradley asks Debbie to_.A. give a speechB. go to a bankC. stand up and talkD. look after old people2. What does t

5、he underlined word chicken in Picture 3 probably mean in Chinese?A. 小鸡B. 勇士C. 胆小鬼D. 大明星3. By saying such words, Jess and Petes real purpose is to _.A. talk to DebbieB. encourage DebbieC. laugh at DebbieD. make Debbie angry【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B【解析】【导语】本文讲述了Bradley老师想让Debbie在老人院演讲，她起初不同意，后来在同学的刺激下决定去试一试。

6、【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“The people at Sunny Bankyou know, the home for old peoplewant someone to give a talk”可知，Bradley老师想让Debbie在老人院演讲，故选A。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据“I hear you wont give a talk at Sunny Bank. Ooh, all those scary old people! Its a bit pathetic”可知，嘲笑Debbie不敢去老人院做演讲，是一个胆小鬼，所以chicken表示“胆小鬼”，故选C。【3题详解】推理判断

7、题。根据“It worked! Well done, Pete”可知，他们说这些的目的是为了鼓励Debbie勇敢去老人院演讲，故选B。BMargaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789, in Ireland. She had big dreams. “I want to be a doctor!” But two hundred years ago a girl couldnt become a doctor. Her uncle, James Barry, was a great painter. And his friend General Mirand

8、a had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him. Years later, her uncle James Barry died, leaving her some money. It was enough to study to be a doctor. “But a girl cant become a doctor,” said Margaret sadly. “Yes, you can!” said General Miran

9、da. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.” Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boys clothes. She also named herself James Barry. From then on, Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared. She became James Barry and entered E

10、dinburgh University. He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday. Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the British Army. In his life, Dr. James Barry travelled all over the world, helping to save many lives. Before retirement, Barry had risen

11、to the second-highest medical officer in the British Army. Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section（剖宫产）in Africa. The secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after his

12、 death in 1865.4. Who played the most important role in Margarets becoming a doctor?A. General Miranda.B. Her uncle James Barry.C. A soldier in the British Army.D. A professor from Edinburgh University.5. What does the underlined word disguise in paragraph 3 mean?A. Change ones clothes.B. Dress like

13、 a doctor.C. Change ones appearance.D. Dress like a gentleman.6. Which was Dr. James Barrys achievement in his job?A. Becoming the highest officer in the British Army.B. Graduating from the most famous medical university.C. Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers.D. Doing the worlds fi

14、rst recorded caesarean section successfully.7. What was the secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years?A. James Barry left much money.B. Dr. James Barry was a woman.C. Margaret died in her twenties.D. General Miranda helped Margaret a lot.【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了Margaret Ann Bulk

15、ley为了实现自己成为医生的梦想，把自己装扮成一位男性从医的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him”及“Yes, you can! said General Miranda. All you have to do is to disguise as a boy. ”可知，是叔叔的朋友General Miranda鼓励她去实现自己的梦想

16、，故选A。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据“So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boys clothes”可知，为了成为一名医生，把自己的头发剪短，装扮成一个男孩，所以disguise与Change ones appearance同义，故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据“Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people”可知，改善了伤兵的生活条件是他所取得的成

17、就之一，故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据“Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boys clothes. She also named herself James Barry”可知，她假扮成男孩成为一名医生是她一直保守的秘密，故选B。CWhat do three hearts, eight arms and one huge brain add up to? An octopus, a creat

18、ure that can do amazing things. Octopuses are very clever. As they dont have teeth or sharp claws to defend themselves, they have ever learnt a few tricks to get out of dangerous situations. Do you know how they do that? They often hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor. Some o

19、ctopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks. Because octopuses have very soft bodies, they can hide themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get rid of enemies. The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand. This color ch

20、ange happens in less than a minute. Another way an octopus can protect itself is by shooting ink. It can shoot ink into the water. The ink forms a cloud to blind its enemies. Its like a magician doing a disappearing act. If an octopus is being attacked, it can make itself look like a sea snake. It w

21、ill bury itself in the sand except two arms. It will change the color of those arms to match a sea snake. But what if theres no time to escape? It can break off one of its arms. The arm will then change colors and move around the water. As the enemy starts chasing after the arm, the octopus can swim

22、 away quickly. Dont worry, though. The octopus arm will grow back soon.8. How many tricks are mentioned in the text?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.9. Why is an octopus like a chameleon?A. It has three hearts.B. It has eight arms.C. It can make itself look like a snake.D. It can change the color of its skin.10.

23、 What does an octopus do in time of great danger?A. Run after its enemy.B. Break off one arm.C. Fight with sharp teeth.D. Move around the water.11. What is the best title for this text?A. Adventures in waterB. Magician of the seaC. Soft bodies between rocksD. Enemy behind the cloud【答案】8. C 9. D 10.

24、B 11. B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了章鱼的相关信息，包括了它的外观，逃生的技能等。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据“They often hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor”“The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand”“Another way an octopus can protect itself is by shooting ink”“If an octo

25、pus is being attacked, it can make itself look like a sea snake”及“It can break off one of its arms”可知，文中一共提到了5种技巧，故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据“The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand”可知，因为它可以改变皮肤的颜色来匹配沙子，故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据“But what if theres no time to es

26、cape? It can break off one of its arms”可知，它可以折断一只手臂，故选B。【11题详解】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了章鱼的几种逃生技能，就像“海洋魔术师”一样，故选B。DAre you suffering from insomnia（失眠）now? Its true that many people are deeply bothered by insomnia. _12_ Sleep expert Michael Grandner offers top three tips. Make a plan and stick to it. Mela

27、tonin（褪黑素）is produced by the body to control when you get sleepy and when you wake up. As night falls, the levels of melatonin rise, becoming a signal to the body that its time for bed. And the levels naturally fall as daylight comes near, getting you ready to greet the day. _13_ So if your bedtime

28、and wake-up time change from day to day, your body doesnt know how to react. So its important to have a regular bedtime and wake-up time, even on weekends. _14_ In fact, this tip is so powerful that it can even beat sleep medicine. “Whenever youve been awake for 20 or 30 minutes, either the beginnin

29、g or the middle of the night, get up. Maybe you just need five minutes to get sleepy, or maybe an hour, but dont spend that time in bed,” says Grandner. Change your attitude about sleep. Many people see sleeping as the final thing they have to do in a busy day, worth delaying to catch up on housewor

30、k, schoolwork or others. _15_ “See your sleep as the amount of time you need in order to set yourself up for a productive tomorrow. It may sound like a small change, but its an important one,” Grandner adds. 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。A. Dont lie in bed awake.B. Take some medicine if y

31、ou need.C. That thought needs to be changed.D. In fact, we can train our brain to fall asleep.E. The release（释放）of melatonin needs to be at regular times.【答案】12. D 13. E 14. A 15. C【解析】【导语】本文介绍了预防失眠的方法。【12题详解】根据“Its true that many people are deeply bothered by insomnia”及“Sleep expert Michael Grandne

32、r offers top three tips”可知，事实我们可以改变这种情况，D选项“事实上，我们可以训练我们的大脑入睡”符合语境，故选D。【13题详解】根据“So if your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day, your body doesnt know how to react”可知，此处提到了“有规律的时间”，E选项“褪黑激素的释放需要定期进行”符合语境，故选E。【14题详解】根据“but dont spend that time in bed”可知，本段的建议是醒着的时候不要躺在床上，A选项“别躺在床上而不入睡”符合语

33、境，故选A。【15题详解】根据“Change your attitude about sleep”可知，要改变自己的某些想法，C选项“那个想法需要改变 ”符合语境，故选C。二、语言知识运用（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）A阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, rivers, lakes, forests and seas. These are _16_ human

34、beings depend on for a living. All natural waste is _17_. Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil. This is their _18_. The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe（呼吸）out is used by plants to breathe and help them _19_. Plants give out oxyg

35、en which people and animals need to breathe in. Plants _20_ water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves _21_ moisture（水分）. This moisture, together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, rises and turns into water droplets and forms clouds. Larger water droplets then fall

36、 down in the form of _22_. In this way, the water goes _23_ to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again. However, humans have made a lot of changes to the earth. The technology and industry have made life _24_, but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or _25_ to

37、recycle. Man shall deal with this problem before it is too late.16. A. howB. whatC. whichD. where17. A. avoidedB. allowedC. reducedD. recycled18. A. foodB. hobbyC. methodD. support19. A. growB. continueC. progressD. increase20. A. put awayB. give offC. take upD. hold on21. A. likeB. withC. inD. as22

38、. A. windB. rainC. stormD. shower23. A. forwardB. aboutC. backD. away24. A. slowerB. easierC. heavierD. cheaper25. A. helpfulB. valuableC. impossibleD. unnecessary【答案】16. B 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了大自然中产生废物可以再次利用，但是科技和工业产生的废物很难再次利用，这就需要人类来处理这种污染问题。【16题详解】句意

39、：这些都是人类赖以生存的东西。how怎样；what什么；which哪一个；where哪里。此空作动词短语depend on的宾语，应填what，故选B。【17题详解】句意：所有的自然废物都可以回收利用。avoided避免；allowed允许；reduced减少；recycled回收。根据“Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures”可知，自然的废物都可以回收利用，故选D。【18题详解】句意：这是它们的食物。food食物；hobby爱好；method方法；support支持。根据“Animal waste and

40、 dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil”可知，动物的排泄物和尸体是小生物的食物，故选A。【19题详解】句意：人类和动物呼出的二氧化碳被植物用来呼吸并帮助它们生长。grow成长；continue继续；progress进步；increase增长。根据“plants to breathe and help them ”可知，植物吸收二氧化碳然后生长，故选A。【20题详解】句意：植物通过根吸收水分。put away收好，储存；give off 发出；take up占有；hold on继续

41、。根据“water through their roots”可知，通过根部吸收水分，故选A。【21题详解】句意：它们通过树叶把水分散发出去。like像；with带有；in在里；as作为。根据“They pass it out through their leavesmoisture”可知，被当成水分从叶子上散发出去，故选D。【22题详解】句意：较大的水滴以雨的形式落下。wind风；rain雨；storm暴雨；shower淋浴。根据“Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of”可知，较大的水滴形成了雨，故选B。【23题详解】句意：通过这

42、种方式，水会回到地球、河流和海洋中再次被利用。forward向前；about关于；back向后；away离开。根据“the water goes to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again”可知，水回到地球、河流和海洋中再次被利用，故选C。【24题详解】句意：科技和工业让生活变得更容易，但它们也产生了很多新的废物。slower更慢的；easier更容易；heavier更重；cheaper更便宜。根据“The technology and industry have made life”可知，科技让生活变得更容易，故选B。【25题详解】句意：大自

43、然发现这种新的废物很难或不可能回收利用。helpful有帮助的；valuable有价值的；impossible不可能的；unnecessary不必要的。根据“Nature finds this new waste hard”可知，发现很难或不可能再次利用，故选C。阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。“No, I wont tell you anything about those geese（鹅）,” repeated Breckinridge. “Well, lets _26_（make）a bet,” said Holmes. “I bet you five p

44、ounds the geese came from a farm outside London.” “Ha, you are wrong,” said Breckinridge. “Actually the geese came from London.”“I dont believe you,” said Holmes. “All right,” said Breckinridge. “Wait, I _27_（show）you in a moment.”He took out two large books and opened one of _28_（they）. “This book

45、contains a list of the people who sell me geese. The _29_（name）in red ink are people who live in London. Read out the _30_（three）one on the list.”Holmes took the book and read, “Mrs Oakshott, 117 Brixton Road. This name _31_（write）in red ink. So that means Mrs Oakshott lives in London.”“Yes,” said B

46、reckinridge. “Now look in the other book. It records the dates I bought the geese.”Holmes read, “December 22nd, bought from Mrs Oakshott, 24 geese at 7 shillings each. Sold to Mr Windigate of the Alpha Inn.”“See? I was right,” said Breckinridge. “So I _32_（win）the bet. Now give me my money.” _33_（Si

47、lent）Holmes took out a gold coin and threw it down in front of Breckinridge. Then we left. A few yards away, we stopped _34_（laugh）loudly. “You are very clever! Holmes,” I said. “Breckinridge refused to tell us the _35_（true）. So you made a bet with him”“Yes, Watson,” said Holmes. “Though I lost the bet, I found out what I wanted.”【答案】26. make 27. will show 28. them 29. names 30. third 31. was written 32. won 33. Silently 34. to laugh 35 truth【解析】【导语】本文主要是福尔摩斯探案集中追踪大鹅的来历中的一段，讲述了福尔摩斯