初二英语下册知识点总结多(共17页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初二下册英语知识点总结Unit 1 Past and present 1. I used to go to school by bike.used to do sth.是一个固定结构,意思是“过去经常做某事”,后面用动词原形,表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作,并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。肯定句:I used to play with my friends after school. 过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。否定句:You didnt use to like pop songs.=You usednt to like pop songs. 你过去不
2、喜欢流行歌曲。一般疑问句:Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗?there be句式:There used to be a lot of fishes in this river. 过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。【拓展】(1) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”,是动词短语use to do的被动语态结构。例如:Knives are used to cut things.小刀是用来切东西的。(2) be used to doing somethin
3、g意思是“习惯于做某事”,to后接动词-ing形式。例如:My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。2. Yes, Id like to. would like意为“想要”,语气非常委婉。具体用法如下:(1) would like后接名词或代词,表示“要”某样东西。例如:I would like a cup of coffee. 我要一杯咖啡。 My mother would like an apple. 我的妈妈想要一个苹果。(2) would you like后接动词不定式(to do形式),表示意愿、喜爱,常用于有礼貌
4、地提出邀请、请求或建议。例如:Would you like to help me? 你愿意帮助我吗?Would you like to drink some tea? 你要喝茶吗?(3) would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。 例如:Id like you to meet them. 我想要你见他们。【注意】它的肯定回答多用Yes, please./Yes, Id (Wed) like (love) to./Certainly./Yes, thank you.等;Id love /like to.的to不能省略。否定回答常用No, thanks./No,
5、thank you.等。例如: Would you like some coffee? 你要点儿咖啡吗?No, thanks.不要了,谢谢。 Would you love to go to the movies with me? 你愿意和我一起去看电影吗? Yes, Id love to. 是的,我很愿意。3. I hope I can visit it again. 本句是hope 后加了一个宾语从句,省略了连接词that。hope有如下用法:(1) 从说话语气上讲,hope 用于表示可能实现的事情,后接从句时,用陈述语气。例如:I hope I shall see him again. 我
6、希望再见他一次。 I hope you havent hurt yourself. 但愿你没有受伤。 (2)从含义上讲,hope 多用于指对好事的盼望、预想;对坏事的预想则多用“Im afraid.”。 例如:I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天天气好。 Im afraid it will rain again. 恐怕还要下雨。 (3) 从时间上看,hope 所希望的一般指将来或现在的事情,不用于指过去的事情。 例如:I hope he will come. 我希望他会来。 (4) 从句型上看,hope 可用hope to do sth.句型,而不能用h
7、ope sb. to do sth.句型。例如:I hope to watch the football match again. 我希望再看一次那场足球赛。 (5) 要表示“希望如此”时,常用“I hope so.”其否定形式用“I hope not.”。hope后面还可以接that 从句,意为“希望”。 例如:She hopes that I will pass the exam. 她希望我能通过考试。4. The new shopping mall is a good place to have fun. 句中动词不定式短语to have fun作定语,修饰place。动词不定式短语作后
8、置定语,可修饰名词、符合不定代词等。例如: Simon is always the first student to get to school. Simon总是第一个到校的学生。 We must find a person to do the work. 我们必须找个人做这项工作。 I have something to tell you. 我有一些事情要告诉你。 I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。5. I spend more time on my homework than before. spend是动词,意为“花费(时间或金钱
9、)”。其过去式为spent。用法如下: 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事 spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth. 花费时间或金钱在某物上例如: I spend two hours reading every day. 我每天花两个小时阅读。 He spends 20 yuan on books every month. 他每月花20元买书。拓展: 表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析:词语主语结构spend人(sb.)sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.takeit作形式主语I
10、t takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)pay人(sb.)sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.coststh.(物)sth. costs sb. + 金钱例如: I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。 It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。 I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。 My English book cost me f
11、ive yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。Unit 2 Traveling1. My parents and I left for the airport in the early morning.leave作动词,意为“离开(某处)”,常与for连用,后接要去的地方。leave的过去式和过去分词都是left。He is leaving for Beijing next week. 他下周打算离开去北京。Mr Smith left the room at two oclock. 史密斯先生两点离开了房间。 【拓展】(1)leave还意为“离开(某人)的身边;离弃”。Her husband h
12、as left her. 她的丈夫把她遗弃了。 (2) 动词短语leave something at/in 表示地点的名词,意为“把某物忘在某地”。I left my key at home. 我把钥匙忘在家里了。Tom left his English book at school, so he didnt do his homework.汤姆把英语书落在学校了,所以没有做英语作业。 (3)leave还意为“听任,使处于某种状态”。He left the windows open. 他让窗子开着。2. My dad has been to Chengdu on business twice.
13、have been to地点名词,表示“曾经去过某地”,但现在不在那里, 后可接次数,如once,twice,three times等,表示“去过某地几次”,也可和 just,never,ever等连用。 My father has been to Beijing twice我父亲去过北京两次。 I have never been to the Great Wall我从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗?【拓展】have gone to和have been to是现在完成时的两个典型句式。have gone to地点名词, 表示“去了某
14、地”,可能已经达到或者在路途中,不在说话的现场。如果have gone to后接地点副词时,要省略to。Mr. Wang isnt hereHe has gone to Qingdao王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。Where is Jim?吉姆在哪里? He has gone to England他去英国了。3. I see Andy playing on the sand too.see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”(表示正在进行的动作)。例如:We saw some young people running wildly in the street.我们看见一些年轻
15、人正在街上狂跑。【拓展】辨析see sb. doing sth.与see sb. do sth.see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行。例如:I saw a monkey eating bananas.我看见一只猴子正在吃香蕉。see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做过某事”,强调动作自始始终的全过程。例如:I saw them get on the bus.我看见他们上了公共汽车。4. At the end of the day, we watched the fireworks(1)end 作为不及物动词,意为“结束;终止”,其主语通常是物。
16、例如:Our morning classes end at 11:50 a.m. 我们上午的课程在11:50结束。(2)end 作为及物动词,意为“结束;终止”,其主语通常是人。例如:She ended her email. 她写完了电子邮件。(3)end 作为名词,意为“结束;结尾”。常用于句型:at the end of意为“在末尾”。例如:The bank is at the end of the street.银行在这条街的尽头。5. What do you think was the best part of the day?do you think作插入语,其位置较为灵活,可以放在
17、句首、句中或句尾,在句尾时,常用逗号隔开,在句首时,要用陈述句语序。例如: What do you think the robot will do? 你认为这个机器人将会做什么? Where do you think he will be? 你认为他会在哪里?When do you think he will come? = Do you think when he will come? = When he will come, do you think? 你认为他什么时候回来?Unit 3 Online tours1. how often how often意为“多久一次”,常用于对时间频率
18、的提问。例如:How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视?How often do your parents visit your grandparents? 你的父母多久看一次你的祖父母?【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征how long多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often, twice a week等how soon多快,过多久询问时间多快in+ 一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes walkhow many多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数how much多少询问不可数名词数量数词
19、+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱2. It looks like a TV.look like意为“看起来像”应用范围最广,除了描述人、物之外,也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如:He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。That bicycle looks just like the one I used to have. 那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。It looks like its going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。【拓展】(1)What does/do sb/sth look like? 这个句式
20、是询问某个人或物的外貌特征。例如:What does the girl look like? 那个女孩长什么样?She is short and thin. 她又矮又瘦。 (2)be like意为“像”。例如:What is the old man like? 那个老人怎么样? He is kind. 他很和蔼。3. I agree.本句中的agree常见用法如下:(1)agree单独使用,表示“同意、答应”等。例如:I asked him to help me and he agreed. 我请求他帮忙,他答应了。 (2)agree with表示 “同意;赞成”,常用搭配为:agree wi
21、th +sb. / what sb. said 例如:Do you agree with me about the need for more schools? 关于多建一些学校一事, 你同意我的意见吗? I quite agree with what you said. 我很同意你说的话。 (3)agree to表示“同意;赞成(提议、安排、计划等)” 。例如:Do you agree to this arrangement?你赞成这个安排吗? I quite agree to their suggestions. 我很同意他们的建议。 (4)agree to do sth“同意做某事”。例
22、如:He agreed to get someone to help us. 他同意找人来帮我们的忙。 She agreed to get everything ready before I come. 她同意在我到来之前把一切都准备好。 4. Have you noticed the “tour” icon at the top of the page? (1)此处noticed是notice的过去分词。notice此处用作及物动词,意为“注意,注意到”。notice后可以接名词,也可以接从句。例如: Did you notice the man in black? 你注意到那个穿黑衣服的人
23、了吗? I noticed that you had made great progress. 我注意到你取得了很大的进步。(2)notice作动词,意为“注意到,留心,看到”。常用于notice sb. do sth.和 notice sb. doing sth.结构中。例如:Didnt you notice? He has dyed his hair. 你没注意?他染了头发。He was too proud to notice me. 他太傲慢了,理都不理我。Did you notice his hand shaking? 你有没有注意到他的手在抖?Did you notice Jack
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