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1、Unit 1 Great scientists 伟大的科学家.单词盘点单词盘点根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇1._(vt.)打败;战胜;使受挫打败;战胜;使受挫 (n.)失败失败2._(vt.)照顾;护理;出席;参加照顾;护理;出席;参加3._(vt.)暴露;揭露;使曝光暴露;揭露;使曝光defeatattendexpose4._(n.)治愈;痊愈治愈;痊愈 (vt.)治愈;治疗治愈;治疗5._(n.)挑战挑战 (vt.)向向挑战挑战6._(vt.)吸收;吸引;使专心吸收;吸引;使专心7._(vt.)认为认为;怀疑怀疑 (n.)被怀疑者;嫌疑犯被怀疑者;嫌疑犯curech
2、allengeabsorbsuspect8._(vt.)责备;谴责责备;谴责 (n.)过失;责备过失;责备9._(n.)柄;把手柄;把手 (vt.)处理;操纵处理;操纵10._(vt.&n.)连接;联系连接;联系11._(vi.&vt.)(使使)旋转;纺(线或纱)旋转;纺(线或纱)blamehandlelinkspin12._(vt.&vi.)结束;推断出结束;推断出_(n.)结论;结束结论;结束13._(vt.)污染;弄脏污染;弄脏 _(n.)污染污染14._(vt.)宣布;通告宣布;通告 _(n.)通知;宣告通知;宣告15._(vt.)命令;指示;教导命令;指示;教导_(n.)教授;传授教
3、授;传授 _(n.)用法;说明;操作指南用法;说明;操作指南concludeconclusionpollutepollutionannounceannouncement instruct instructioninstructions16._(vt.)建设;修建建设;修建 _(n.)建设;建筑物建设;建筑物17._(vt.&vi.)捐献;贡献;捐助捐献;贡献;捐助 _(n.)贡献贡献18._(vt.)拒绝;不接受;抛弃拒绝;不接受;抛弃 _(n.)拒绝;抛弃拒绝;抛弃constructconstruction contributecontributionreject rejection【品词自
4、测品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空根据所给词的适当形式填空It was _ that he didnt tell us the truth.I came to the _ that he was lying.(conclude)The writer personally _5,000 to the earthquake fund.All the _ will be gratefully received.(contribute)concludedconclusioncontributedcontributions.短语回放短语回放1.提出提出 _2.得出结论得出结论 _3.使显露;暴露使显露
5、;暴露 _4.将将和和联系或连接起来联系或连接起来 _5.除除之外;此外之外;此外 _6.对对严格的严格的 _put forwarddraw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusionexpose.tolink.to.apart from(be)strict with.7.讲得通;有意义讲得通;有意义 _8.应受谴责,应负责任应受谴责,应负责任 _9.通向,导致通向,导致 _10.调查调查 _11.有助于;促成有助于;促成 _12.治愈某人的疾病治愈某人的疾病 _make sensebe to blamelead tolook intocontribute toc
6、ure sb.of illness.句式扫描句式扫描1._(既不)(既不)its cause _(也不)(也不)its cure was understood.2.So many thousands of terrified people died _(每次,每当)(每次,每当)there was an outbreak.3._(为防止)(为防止)this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ _(经过检测)(经过检测).Neithernorevery timeT
7、o preventbeexamined4._(只有)(只有)you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky _(讲得通)(讲得通).5.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system _ _(行星围绕着它转)(行星围绕着它转)and only the moon still going round the earth.Only ifmake sensewiththe planets going round it【仿句自测仿句自测】根据下面
8、句式仿写句子根据下面句式仿写句子“Neither.nor.”既不既不也不也不仿写:他和我都不打算去参加这次会议。仿写:他和我都不打算去参加这次会议。_.“every time”作连词引导时间状语从句作连词引导时间状语从句仿写:我每次去北京都会去参观长城。仿写:我每次去北京都会去参观长城。_.Neither he nor I am going to attend the meetingEvery time I went to Beijing,I would visit the Great Wall核核心心要要点点attend 三年三年4考考make sense 三年三年1考考1.conclude
9、 vt.&vi.结束;推断出结束;推断出(1)conclude(sth.)with sth./by doing sth.以以结束某事结束某事conclude sth.from sth.根据根据推断出推断出/断定断定(2)draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion获得获得/得出结论得出结论make a conclusion下结论下结论come to the conclusion that.所得结论是所得结论是in conclusion最后,总之最后,总之bring.to a conclusion使使结束结束The doctor concluded that
10、 the patients disease was cancer.医生断定病人患的是癌症。医生断定病人患的是癌症。We concluded the meeting with an English song.我们以一首英语歌结束了这次会议。我们以一首英语歌结束了这次会议。We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我们将作进一步的讨论,然后再得出最终结论。我们将作进一步的讨论,然后再得出最终结论。Ive _ _ _ _ _ hes not the right person for the job.我断定他
11、不适合做这项工作。我断定他不适合做这项工作。_ _(总之)(总之),more and more people prefer to live in the e to the conclusion thatIn conclusion2.attend vt.照顾照顾;护理护理;出席出席;参加参加 attend a meeting/wedding/lecture/movie 参加会议参加会议/出席婚礼出席婚礼/听演讲听演讲/看电影看电影attend school/class/church 上学上学/上课上课/去教堂去教堂attend to 处理;对付;照料处理;对付;照料attend(on/upon)
12、sb.照顾(侍候)某人照顾(侍候)某人He is famous in this field,and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.他在这个领域很出名,今晚会有成千上万的粉丝听他的讲座。他在这个领域很出名,今晚会有成千上万的粉丝听他的讲座。He has to attend(on)his sick son.他不得不照顾生病的儿子。他不得不照顾生病的儿子。Well _ _ the problem later.稍后我们将处理这个问题。稍后我们将处理这个问题。attend to【辨析辨析】理解下列区别并选词填
13、空理解下列区别并选词填空attendjoinjoin intake part in表示出席或参加会议、仪式、典礼;也可表表示出席或参加会议、仪式、典礼;也可表示上课、上学、听报告等。示上课、上学、听报告等。表表示示加加入入某某一一组组织织,并并成成为为其其中中的的一一员员,如如加加入入党党派派、组组织织、社团、俱乐部等。其宾语也可以是人。社团、俱乐部等。其宾语也可以是人。表示参加活动,侧重说明主语参加并在其中表示参加活动,侧重说明主语参加并在其中发挥一定的作用,发挥一定的作用,part前若有修饰语,前面前若有修饰语,前面要用不定冠词。要用不定冠词。表示参加正在进行的小型活动,也可用于表示参加正
14、在进行的小型活动,也可用于join sb.in(doing)sth.表示加入某人一起做某事。表示加入某人一起做某事。Thank you all for coming and _ our camp.I tried to persuade her to _ the club.I shall _ the meeting.Everyone in the class is expected to _ the discussion.taking part injoinattendjoin in【助记助记】3.expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光暴露;揭露;使曝光expose.to 使显露;暴露使显露;暴
15、露be exposed to 暴露于暴露于,处于,处于危险中危险中expose sth.to sb.向某人揭发某事向某人揭发某事expose sb.to sth.使某人接触到某物,使面临,使遭受使某人接触到某物,使面临,使遭受Dont expose your skin to direct sunlight,or youll get sunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下,否则你会被晒伤。不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下,否则你会被晒伤。We want to expose the kids to art and culture as much as possible.我们想让孩子们尽可能
16、多地受到艺术和文化的熏陶。我们想让孩子们尽可能多地受到艺术和文化的熏陶。There were reports that about 160 local residents may _ _ _ _ radiation in Japan.有报道称,日本大约有报道称,日本大约160名当地居民可能已经遭受核辐射。名当地居民可能已经遭受核辐射。The journalist _ that officials scandal _ the public.这位记者向公众揭发这位记者向公众揭发了那位官员的丑闻。了那位官员的丑闻。havebeen exposed toexposedto【助记助记】4.cure n.
17、治愈;痊愈治愈;痊愈 vt.治愈;治疗治愈;治疗(1)cure sb./a disease 治疗好某人治疗好某人/治疗(治愈)某种疾病治疗(治愈)某种疾病cure sb.of.治愈某人的疾病治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等改掉某人的恶习等(2)a cure for.针对针对的治疗(法)的治疗(法)Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.十有八九的医生建议病人吃十有八九的医生建议病人吃Yucky Pills 来治疗牙疼。来治疗牙疼。【辨析辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空理
18、解下列区别并选词填空curetreatheal意为意为“治愈治愈”,常指治疗疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等,常指治疗疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等,侧重结果;可构成侧重结果;可构成cure sb.of sth.结构。结构。意为意为“治疗治疗”,强调治疗的过程;常用,强调治疗的过程;常用treat sb.for sth.结构。结构。意为意为“(使使)愈合愈合,治愈治愈”,指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤,使愈合或恢指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤,使愈合或恢复正常。复正常。Which doctor is going to _ him for his illness?She tried every means to _ he
19、r child of the bad habit.His wound _ after the treatment.【助记助记】The doctor is treating him and he will be cured in three days.医生正在为他治疗,三日后他将痊愈。医生正在为他治疗,三日后他将痊愈。treatcurehealed5.absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心吸收;吸引;使专心absorb sth.吸收吸收absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意吸引某人的注意 be absorbed in.全神贯注于全神贯注于Things in colour ca
20、n often absorb childrens attention easily.彩色的物体通常会很容易吸引孩子们的注意力。彩色的物体通常会很容易吸引孩子们的注意力。In the natural carbon cycle,plants absorb CO2 as they grow.在自然界碳循环中,植物在生长的过程中吸收二氧化碳。在自然界碳循环中,植物在生长的过程中吸收二氧化碳。The little girl _ _ _ _ a tale.小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。was absorbed in reading6.blame vt.责备;谴责;归咎
21、于责备;谴责;归咎于 n.过失;责备过失;责备(1)blame sb.for(doing)sth.因因(做做)而责备某人而责备某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人把某事归咎于某人be to blame(for.)应承担责任;该受责备应承担责任;该受责备(用主动用主动 形式表被动意义形式表被动意义)(2)accept/bear/take the blame for.对某事负责;承担责任对某事负责;承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把责任推到把责任推到身上身上I dont blame you for doing that.我不责备你做了那件事。
22、我不责备你做了那件事。You must bear the blame for the accident.你必须承担这次事故的责任。你必须承担这次事故的责任。The police _ the traffic accident _ Jacks careless driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。The driver _ _ _ _ _ the traffic accident.这位司机不应承担交通事故责任。这位司机不应承担交通事故责任。blamedonwas not to blame for7.contribute vt.&vi.捐献;
23、贡献;捐助捐献;贡献;捐助(1)contribute.to.为为捐献;投稿捐献;投稿contribute to 有助于;促进;导致有助于;促进;导致(2)contribution n.贡献,捐献贡献,捐献make a contribution/contributions to/towards.为为做贡献做贡献Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。She contributed an article to
24、 our magazine.她给我们的杂志投了一篇稿子。她给我们的杂志投了一篇稿子。Medical negligence was said to _ _ _ her death.据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因。据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因。Everyone should _ _ _ _ _ the environment.每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。have contributed tomake a contribution to protecting【助记助记】Many people contributed money to the poor b
25、oy,which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.许许多多人人给给这这个个可可怜怜的的小小男男孩孩捐捐钱钱,这这使使他他重重新新回回到到了了校校园园。一一位位作作家家写写了了一一篇篇关关于于此此事的报道并把它投到了报社。事的报道并把它投到了报社。8.put forward 提出;提前;拨快(时钟)提出;提前;拨快(时钟);推荐推荐The plan put forward by the old professor was
26、 well worth considering.那位老教授提出的计划很值得考虑。那位老教授提出的计划很值得考虑。May I put you forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选?我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选?They _ _ _ the date of their wedding by one week.他他们们将将婚婚礼礼日日期期提提前了一周。前了一周。have put forward【拓展拓展】补全下列补全下列put短语短语put _ 储蓄;储存储蓄;储存put _ 放好;积蓄放好;积蓄put
27、_ 延期;推迟延期;推迟put _ 穿上;演出穿上;演出put _ 熄灭;生产熄灭;生产put _ 提升;张贴;提出;建造提升;张贴;提出;建造asideawayoffonoutup9.apart from 除除之外;此外之外;此外 Apart from working and sleeping,the thing Americans do the most is watching TV5 hours a day on average.(=besides)除了工作和睡觉,美国人做的最多的就是看电视除了工作和睡觉,美国人做的最多的就是看电视平均每天平均每天5个小时。个小时。Apart from
28、you,I had no one to talk to.(=but/except)除了你,我没有可交谈的人了。除了你,我没有可交谈的人了。Apart from a few faults,he is a respectable teacher.(=except for)除几个缺点外,他是一位值得尊敬的老师。除几个缺点外,他是一位值得尊敬的老师。【归纳归纳】apart from具有下列三层含义具有下列三层含义(1)相相当当于于 _。指指“除除外外,另另外外还还有有”,强强调调“另另外外还还有有”(指指包包括括在在内的内的“除了除了”)。)。(2)相相当当于于 _。指指“除除了了之之外外”,表表示示
29、从从整整体体中中除除去去(指指不不包包括括在在内内的的“除了除了”)。)。(3)相相当当于于 _。指指“只只是是;除除外外”,是是在在对对某某人人或或某某物物整整体体上上肯肯定定的的同时,特别指出其不足。同时,特别指出其不足。besidesexceptexcept for10.make sense 讲得通讲得通;有意义有意义(1)make sense of.理解,明白理解,明白make no sense 没道理,没意义没道理,没意义there is no/much sense in doing sth.做做没道理没道理(意义意义)/很有意义很有意义(2)common sense 常识常识hav
30、e a sense of.有有感感in a sense 在某一方面;就某种意义来说在某一方面;就某种意义来说in no sense 决不决不It makes no sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.这些便宜的大衣也很好,何必非买那件贵的不可呢?这些便宜的大衣也很好,何必非买那件贵的不可呢?Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义。我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才
31、理解了它的含义。Theres no sense in getting angry about it.为此生气是没有意义的。为此生气是没有意义的。This sentence just doesnt _ _,no matter how you read it.无论你怎样读这个句子,它还是讲不通。无论你怎样读这个句子,它还是讲不通。You are right _ _ _,but you dont know all the facts.在某种意义上你是对的,但你不了解全部事实。在某种意义上你是对的,但你不了解全部事实。make sensein a sense11.So many thousands o
32、f terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发霍乱时,都有成千上万的惊恐的老百姓病死。每次暴发霍乱时,都有成千上万的惊恐的老百姓病死。此此句句中中的的every time为为名名词词短短语语作作连连词词使使用用,引引导导时时间间状状语语从从句句,意意思思是是“每每当当”,相当于,相当于whenever。可充当连词的名词词组可充当连词的名词词组the+瞬间名词(瞬间名词(minute,moment,second,instant)the+序数词序数词+timeeach/every+timethe+day(week,mont
33、h,year)Every time I catch a cold,I have pains in my back.我每次感冒背就痛。我每次感冒背就痛。She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.她一看到蛇就叫了起来。她一看到蛇就叫了起来。_ _ _ I climbed onto the wall,I felt very nervous.我我第第一一次次爬爬到到墙墙上上去去时,感到很紧张。时,感到很紧张。The first time【点津点津】在在以以上上名名词词短短语语充充当当连连词词引引导导的的时时间间状状语语从从句句中中,如如果果主主句句用
34、用一一般般将将来来时时,则则从从句句多用一般现在时表将来。多用一般现在时表将来。To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。(1)逗逗号号前前面面的的不不定定式式短短语语作作目目的的状状语语。可可作作目目的的状状语语的的不不定定式式短短语语还还有有in order to do.和和so as to do.
35、,但,但so as to do.一般不可置于句首。一般不可置于句首。(2)suggest在在此此意意为为“建建议议”,后后接接从从句句作作宾宾语语时时,谓谓语语动动词词要要用用should+动动词词原原形形,should可以省略。可以省略。Sb.suggest(s)that sb.(should)do sth.It is suggested that sb.(should)do sth.Ones suggestion is that sb.(should)do sth.I suggested to him that we should handle the problem another wa
36、y.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。I suggested that he sit down to work out a practical solution.我建议他坐下来想一个切实可行的解决方法。我建议他坐下来想一个切实可行的解决方法。【点津点津】suggest意为意为“暗示暗示,表明表明”时,后面所跟的从句不用虚拟语气。时,后面所跟的从句不用虚拟语气。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空Her smile on the face suggests that he _(win)the game already.has
37、won【真题链接真题链接】2010全全国国卷卷,34With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.A.buy B.to buyC.buying D.to have bought【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。根根据据句句意意“父父亲亲节节就就要要到到了了,我我已已经经从从银银行行取取了了些些钱为爸爸买礼物。钱为爸爸买礼物。”判断,此处用不定式作状语用来表示目的,因此选择判断,此处用不定式作状语用来表示目的,因此选择B项。项。(1)
38、if only和和only if的辨析的辨析(2)suspect的意义和用法的意义和用法(3)reject与其他词汇的意义辨析与其他词汇的意义辨析1.It made the young writer disappointed that several publishers _ his manuscript(原稿)(原稿).A.took B.rejectedC.appreciated D.hated【解解析析】选选B。考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。句句意意:几几家家出出版版商商都都退退回回了了他他的的原原稿稿,这这使使得得这这位位年年轻轻的的作作家家非非常常失失望望。take“带带走走;花花
39、(时时间间)”;reject“拒拒绝绝;排排斥斥”;appreciate“欣赏;感谢欣赏;感谢”;hate“痛恨痛恨”。2.I didnt invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely drunk._ he hadnt come!The party could have been a success.A.How come B.Only if C.What if D.If only【解解析析】选选D。由由上上下下文文语语境境可可看看出出,空空格格处处表表示示对对过过去去动动作作的的虚虚拟拟,if only要要是是就就好好了了。答答语语意意为为:要要是是他他没没来来就就好好了了!聚聚会会本本来来会会很很成成功功。A项项,怎怎么么会会;B项,只有;项,只有;C项,倘若项,倘若将会怎样,这三项均不符合句意。将会怎样,这三项均不符合句意。3.根据语境猜测根据语境猜测suspect的词义的词义He resigned after being suspected of theft.()I suspect that they are very disappointed.()The police are questioning the two suspects.()答案:答案:怀疑怀疑 猜想猜想 嫌疑犯嫌疑犯
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