高中英语非谓语动词经典讲解课件.ppt
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1、非谓语动词经典用法讲解非谓语动词经典用法讲解命题规律命题规律1.考查立意较低,主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是,题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化,加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。2设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势,不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。命题趋势命题趋势不容置疑,高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查,试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势,但试题的难度将会有所控制。解题思路解题思路 解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑找准相关动词的逻辑主
2、语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式;的恰当形式;将该选项置入空中,看是否能够做到字从意顺,将该选项置入空中,看是否能够做到字从意顺,或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。一般式完成式进行式不定式主动todotohavedonetobedoing被动tobedonetohavebeendoneing形式主动doinghavingdone被动beingdonehavingbeendone过去分词被动done分词、不定式作宾补用
3、法要点分词、不定式作宾补用法要点一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1 1感官动词感官动词see,watch,observe,look at,see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice hear,listen to,notice 等和使役动词等和使役动词have have 后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带to to 的不定式)、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的不定式)、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成,表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或
4、完成,动词原形表主动和完成。如:动词原形表主动和完成。如:I heard her sing an English song just now.I heard her sing an English song just now.I heard her singing an English song when I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I passed by her room yesterday.IheardtheEnglishsongsungmanytimes.我多次听到有人唱这
5、首英文歌。2 2leave leave 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中的后接三种形式作宾补时,其中的leave leave 保保留了原来之义留了原来之义“留下留下”,但表达的确切之义应是,但表达的确切之义应是“使使处于某种状态)。处于某种状态)。leave sb.doing sth.leave sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事让某人一直做某事leave sth.undone leave sth.undone 留下某事未做(一般以留下某事未做(一般以undone,undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched unfinished,unsettled,untou
6、ched 为多)为多)leave sb.to do sth.leave sb.to do sth.留下某人做某事留下某人做某事leave sth.to be done leave sth.to be done 留下某事要做留下某事要做如:如:(1)(1)ItIts wrong of you to leave the machine s wrong of you to leave the machine running.running.你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)。(2)(2)The guests left most of the di
7、shes untouched,The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didnbecause they didnt taste delicious.t taste delicious.客人们没有动大部分菜,因为它们尝起来不可口。客人们没有动大部分菜,因为它们尝起来不可口。(3)(3)He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的
8、工所有工作。(4)(4)We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.problems to be settled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。解3 3have,get have,get 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have,have,get get 表示表示“使、让、叫使、让、叫”之意。之意。have sth.done=ge
9、t sth.done“使使/让某事由别人去让某事由别人去做做”(叫(叫/让某人做某事)。如让某人做某事)。如I Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外,此外,have sth.done have sth.done 还表示还表示“使遭受使遭受”之意。之意。如如Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr.Smith had his ho
10、use broken into while he Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.was away on holiday.havesb./sth.doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事(现在分词表示主动,正在进行)getsb./sth.doing使某人/物开始行动起来如:如:The peasants had the tractor working day and The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time
11、.night at the harvest time.农忙时,农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。农忙时,农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。注意:注意:“have sb.doinghave sb.doing”若用于否定句中,其
12、中若用于否定句中,其中have have 有有“容忍容忍”之意。如:之意。如:I wonI wont have you speaking to your parents like t have you speaking to your parents like that.that.我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。DonDont have the water running all the time.t have the water running all the time.不要不要让水流个不停。让水流个不停。havesb.dosth.(getsb.todosth
13、.)使/让/叫某人去做某事如:Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.Icantgethimtostopsmoking.Hewontlistentome.二、下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,等。如:Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiersh
14、adbeenorderedtoissueclearwarningbeforefiringanyshots.Theteacheraskedusnottomakesomuchnoise.Thefluisbelievedtobecausedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看(lookat,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,ha
15、ve);2听(listento,hear);1感觉(fell)。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上动词除let,make外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find,catch,keep,have也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如:Atthattime,Ifoundhimcryinginthestreet.Hewascaughtstealing.Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.Themissingboyswerelastseenplayingneartheriver.不定式、分词作定语用法要点一、不定式作定
16、语1作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。如:TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.Hereissomepaperforyoutowriteon.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如:Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Wefoundawaytosolvethisproblem(in).
17、2当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。试比较:Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式tosend的动作执行者是“你”)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)3用不定式作定语的几种情况:(1)不定式表将来:Iborrowedsomebookstoreadinmyholidays(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。如:Hewasthebestmantodo
18、thejob.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintoit.(3)用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常见的有:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。如:DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadEnglish?Ihaveachancetogosightseeing.二、分词作定语二、分词作定语1作定语的及物动词
19、分词形式为:doing(表示被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系)beingdone(表示被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时)done(表示被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时)如:Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.ThebrokenglassisToms.Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.2作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:doing和donedoing表示正在进行;done表示已经完成。如:fallingleaves正落的叶子fallenleaves落下的叶子boilingwater正沸腾的水boiledwater沸腾过的水
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