高考一轮复习英语ppt课件：句子成分和五种基本句型.ppt

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1、练习练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1.太阳升起来了。太阳升起来了。(rise)2.她喜欢看书。她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。他的脸红了。(turn red)4.我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)练习练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1.太阳从东方升起来了。太阳从东方升起来了。(rise)2.她喜欢看书。她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。他的脸红了。(turn red)4.我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)The sun ha

2、s risen in the east.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”，“什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.主谓宾 定

3、状补表2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词动词充当.1.they 1.they workwork very hard.very hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now.much better now.(系动词系动词:表示状态表示状态,后面往往接形容词后面往往接形容词 is,am,are is,am,are seem,seem,get,turnget,turn,sound,smell,look,sound,smell,look,tasetase,become),become)情态动词和助动词不能不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构

4、成谓语.They They can speakcan speak English well.English well.They They are playingare playing over there.over there.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.3.表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.Mysisterisanurse.Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.Toseeistobelieve.Thereasonwhyherabsenceisthatheisill3.宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主

5、语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.1.WestudyEnglish.2.Isawhimyesterday.3.Hewantedtohaveapen.4.Shelikesplayingbasketball.5.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句等.1、This is a red car.2、The building is

6、 their teaching building.3、The woman doctor is my wife.4、I have something to tell you.5、The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.6、Every student has an English book.7、I know the boy who is playing basketball on the playground.5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after,when,assoonas,until,

7、if,before等引起的从句.Youarequiteright.Theyoftendrawinthepark.WecamehereinordertolearnEnglish.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.6.宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：1名词（代词）+不定式2名词（代词）+分词3名词（代词）+名词4名词（代词）+形容词1名词（代词）+不定式Johnaskedmetohelphim.Lethimgohome.Isawhercomeoutoftheroom.名词（代词）+分词（现在分

8、词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）Ifoundhimstandingatthegate.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingviolently.Hespokeslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstood.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimselfheard.名词（代词）+名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)TheyappointedherheadoftheEnglishDepartment.Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.名词（代词）+形容词Wemustkeeptheroomclean.Wef

9、oundherbusy.Ifoundthestoryinteresting.英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)简单句简单句简单句简单句 (simple sentence)(simple sentence)A.只包含一个主谓结构Maryopenedthedoor.B.两个主语和一个谓语Steveandhisfriendarecomingtodinner.C.一个主语和两个谓语Maryopenedthedoorandgreetedtheguests.简单句的五种基

10、本句型1主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）Hecame.Shedances.翻译练习：翻译练习：1.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。巨大的变化。6.每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。7.这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。8.五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。9.爱丽丝很会游泳。爱丽丝很会游泳。10.他祖父昨晚去世了。他祖父昨晚去世了。11.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到

11、南方去。12.我的奶奶早晨起得很早。我的奶奶早晨起得很早。13.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。1.You should study hard.2.She went home very late yesterday evening/last night.3.That morning we talked a great deal/a lot.4.The meeting will last two hours.5.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6.Clas

12、ses begin at eight every day.7.This box weighs five kilos.8.I lived in Beijing five years ago.(I have lived in Beijing for five years)9.Alice swims very well.10.His grandpa died last week.11.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.12.My grandmother gets up early in the morning.13.Everyafternoonalotofs

13、tudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.2主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语(S+Vt+O)Isawher.TheylikewatchingTV.1,昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2,今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3，这本书他读过多次了。，这本书他读过多次了。4，他们成功地完成了计划。，他们成功地完成了计划。5，你们必须在两周内看完这些书。，你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6，那位先生能流利地说三种语言。，那位先生能流利地说三种语言。7,我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。8,Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

14、还不会自己穿衣服。9,我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。10,他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。11,他每天早晨洗冷水澡。他每天早晨洗冷水澡。12,我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？参考答案参考答案：1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.That ge

15、ntleman can speak three languages fluently.7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8.Jim cannot dress himself.9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say.11.He takes a cold bath every morning.12.Do you mind my opening the window?3主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾

16、语直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)(IOindirect)Igaveherabook.Sheshowedherfriendsallthepictures.汉译英练习汉译英练习 双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：说明：由主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）+直直接宾语（事物）接宾语（事物）组成。如，He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，Hebringscookies tomeeveryday.Shemadeab

17、eautifuldressforme.用用to侧侧重重指指动动作作的的方方向向，表表示示朝朝着着，向向着着，对对着某人。着某人。用用for侧侧重重指指动动作作的的受受益益者者，表表示示为为了了某某人人，替某人。替某人。常跟双常跟双宾语宾语的的动词动词有：有：（需需借借助助to的的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。等。（需需借借助助for 的的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spa

18、re,等。等。4主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)Iamastudent.Shelooksveryyoung.翻翻译练习译练习：1Johnson先生去年教我先生去年教我们们德德语语。2.奶奶昨晚奶奶昨晚给给我我们讲们讲了一个有趣的故事。了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把把钱钱包交包交给给校校长长了。了。4.请请把那本字典把那本字典递给递给我好我好吗吗？5.他把他把车车票票给给列列车员车员看。看。6.这这个学期我已个学期我已经给经给父母写父母写过过三封信了。三封信了。7.我父我父亲亲已已经给经给我我买买了一了一辆辆新自行新自行车车。8.RobinsonCrusoe给给自己做了一只小船。自己做了一只

19、小船。9.请请你你给给我弄一本新的，好我弄一本新的，好吗吗？10.我替你叫我替你叫辆辆出租汽出租汽车车好好吗吗？11.新式机器将会新式机器将会为为你你节节省省许许多多劳动劳动。翻翻译练习译练习：1Johnson先生去年教我先生去年教我们们德德语语。2.奶奶昨晚奶奶昨晚给给我我们讲们讲了一个有趣的故事。了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把把钱钱包交包交给给校校长长了。了。4.请请把那本字典把那本字典递给递给我好我好吗吗？5.他把他把车车票票给给列列车员车员看。看。MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastni

20、ght.Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.6.这这个学期我已个学期我已经给经给父母写父母写过过三封信了。三封信了。7.我父我父亲亲已已经给经给我我买买了一了一辆辆新自行新自行车车。8.RobinsonCrusoe给给自己做了一只小船。自己做了一只小船。9.请请你你给给我弄一本新的，好我弄一本新的，好吗吗？10.我替你叫我替你叫辆辆出租汽出租汽车车好好吗吗？11.新式机器将会新式机器将会为为你你节节省省许许多多劳动劳动。Thi

21、stermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?ShallIcallyouataxi?Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour5主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+OC)IaskedMarytohelpme.Wecallourheadmasterawiseman.请请说出下列句子类型。说出下列句子类型。1.Summer is coming.2.They ar

22、e drinking water.3.He showed me a new TV set.4.She told me what to do.5.The weather is very cold.S+VS+VS+V+CS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+CS+V+O+CS+V+PS+V+P主谓结构主谓结构1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.爱丽丝很会游泳。4.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了 You should study hard.She went home very late yesterday evening.Alice swims very well.Johns fa

23、ther died last night.主系表结构主系表结构1.冬季白天短，夜晚长。冬季白天短，夜晚长。2.布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。3.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。4.树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经变黄了。5.这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来很有意思。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.Mrs Brown looks very healthy.At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.The leaves have

24、turned yellow.The report sounds interesting.主谓宾结构 昨晚我写了一封信。今天下午我想同你谈谈。这本书他读过多次了。他们成功地完成了计划。你们必须在两周内看完这些书。1.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully.5.You must finish reading these books in tw

25、o weeks.双宾语结构1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.4.Would you please pass me the dictionary?5.He showed the ticket to the

26、conductor.复合宾语结构 1.我们叫她Alice.2.他的父母给他取名为John.3.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。4.他们把门推开了。5.他们把小偷释放了。We call her Alice.His parents named him John.All of us considered him honest.They pushed the door open.They have set the thief free.There be 句型1.今晚没有会。2.这个村子过去只有一口井。3.这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。4.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5.天气预报说下午有大风。There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.There was only a well in the village.There is(are)a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.