高考英语语法之不定式考点易错点归纳分析讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法之不定式考点易错点归纳分析不定式一般式的几种固定用法整理在语法中，动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。它之所以被叫做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词形变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词。英语中的动词不定式在考试中是比较常见的。今天我们来看一下不定式一般式的几种固定用法。动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：把不定式置于句首：To get there by bike will take us an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们一个小时。用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中：

2、Its our duty to keep the environment clean.保持环境整洁我们的责任。动词不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.我想要的是能够尽快地完成工作。动词不定式作补语The book is believed to be very interesting.人们认为这本书非常意思。不定式：动词不定式的完成体1) 如果不定式动作是

3、瞬间动作动词，它表示一个在现在或过去某时之前已经完成的动作；如果是持续动作动词，它表示一个一直持续到现在或过去某时的动作。a .常见的可接不定式完成体的动词有： happen / see / appear / prove / pretend / seem , etc .He seemed to have lived a happy life .他似乎一直过得很幸福。(他的幸福生活一直持续到现在)b .常见的可用于“主语+ be said + to have done / been”相当于主动句“People say + that”结构的句型有：be said / reported / thou

4、ght / supposed / expected / believed / considered / known 等。如：Her husband is said to have given up smoking . 据说她丈夫已经戒烟了。(“戒烟”发生在“据说”之前)The girl is reported to have been a League member for five years .据报道那姑娘入团已经5年了。(不定式表示谓语动作前所处的状态)c .常见的可接不定式完成体的形容词有 glad / happy / sad / disappointed / satisfied /

5、sorry / surprised 等。如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble . 对不起，给你带来了那么多麻烦。比较下面不定式的一般时和完成时的区别：Im happy to have seen you . 见到你很高兴。(分手时说)Im happy to see you . 见到你很高兴。(见面时说)Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute . 对不起，要请你等会儿。(说话时还未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time . 对不起，让你久等

6、了。(说话时已经等了很久)2) be + 不定式完成时态表示该做或想做但未做的动作。如：You were to have arrived there early that day . 那天你们应该早点到那儿。(但你们晚到了)I was to have helped him then . but I was too busy . 当时我本想帮他的忙，可我太忙了。(未帮他的忙)3) 表示“意图，打算”之意的动词如 hope , wish , expect , think , suppose , want , plan , agree , mean , try 等用过去时，又后接不定式完成式作宾语时

7、，表示想做而未做的事情。这种意义也可用这类词的“过去完成时+不定式的一般式”表达。如：We wished to have put out the fire in thirty minutes . (=We had wished to put) 我们本打算半小时就把火扑灭的。(结果没有)The engineers planned to have removed the temple before the dam was completed . (= The engineers had planned to remove the) 工程师们本决定大坝建成之前把那座寺庙移走的。(结果没有)不定式特殊

8、句型why not用法简述在英语语法中，动词不定式是指不被限定的一种动词形式，即一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量和时态的形式。而不定式的特殊句型有哪些呢？不定式的特殊句型Why not：Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? 干吗不?例如：Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?Next time youre getting ready to jog but dont feel 100 percent eager to do it, why not go out for a skip instead?下次你准备去慢跑时，不要觉得非这项锻炼不可，

9、为什么不改在室外跳绳呢？Why not evaluate where you are in this area of your life. Affirm with God your desire to be known by Who you know versus what you do.为什么不评估下你处于一生中的哪个阶段。相对于你所做的，跟那个你认识的上帝确认你所想要的，他应该会知道Come together the way you and I have a full picture, why not continue to go on like this painting? And a

10、half on the road to stop what can?一起走过的路上都写满了你我的画面，为什么不继续画下去呢？半路上就停下又能作何？。I said: Why not call it a renaissance, a return to a golden age when poetry, painting, clothes, music and drama flourished?我说：为什么不把它称为一次复兴，回到那个诗歌、绘画、服装、音乐、戏剧繁荣的黄金年代？All that this adds up to is that you dont want to help, so wh

11、y not say so at once?总而言之，你不想帮忙，那么，为什么不立即说明呢？Why not use Valentines Day as a reminder to spend the rest of the year letting people know how much they mean to you.为什么不用情人节作为一种提醒，将剩下的一年花在让别人知道自己对你有多重要上。Wait for the next station, wait for the bus, wait your own sky, why not let smile accompany with you

12、? Perhaps.等待开往下一站的巴士，等待属于自己的天空，何不让微笑与你相伴？Rather than grumbling over not being able to live forever, why not make a good journey out of this life.与其抱怨不能令自己长生不死，倒不如好好令生命之旅程不枉一走。As long as you are going, why not take me with you?既然你要去，为什么不带我一起去。动词不定式短语结构组成以及实际运用首先来了解一下什么不定式短语。动词不定式是学习英语的难点之一，也是构成长句的一个重

13、要因素。在前面的学习中，我们已经认识到不定式有自己的宾语、状语和补足语，因此他们就能组成不定式短语。1.不定式短语作主语。To master a surviving skill is not a easy work。掌握一项生存技能不是件易事。（不定式短语T To master a surviving skill作主语。）2.不定式短语作宾语。He pretended not to do anything他假装什么事儿都没做.（不定式短语not to do anything作宾语。）I dont know whether to buy it or not我不知道该买还是不买。（不定式短语to

14、buy it or not.作宾语。）I feel it really hard to get rid of it。我发觉这个很难除掉。（不定式短语to get rid of it作真正宾语，it是形式宾语。）3.不定式短语作补语。My plan is to get a English-related job next year or the end of December。我的计划是明年或者今年年底找到一个英语先关的工作。（不定式短语to get a English-related job next year or the end of December作主语补语。）My mother as

15、ked me to cook dinner。妈妈叫我做晚饭。（不定式短语to cook dinner作宾语补语。）4.不定式短语作修饰语。I have no desire to sleep so early。.我不想这么早睡觉。（不定式短语to sleep so early作名词desire的修饰语。）Mary was excited to hear this news。玛丽得到消息，非常激动。（不定式短语to hear the news作形容词excited的修饰语。）He ran faster than the wind to catch the thief.他跑的比风还快区追赶小偷。（不

16、定式短语to catch the thief作动词ran的修饰语。不定式的固定用法以及相关例句分析1.Its time to do sth./Its time for sth 该做某事的时候了例句:it is the real time to get the plan started. 现在执行计划的紧急时候了。 wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事=cant help doing sth情不自禁做某事（但是这个不接不定式结构，同学们请注意区分）例句:We cant wait to go climbing the highest mountain in the region. 我已

17、经破布吉岛想要登上这里最高的山峰了。3.Ask/tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)做某事例句：my parents asked me to do more exercise and not to sleep too much。我父母叫我不要睡懒觉而要多多做运动才好。4.Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事例句:This university allows all students go to library during weekends。这所学校允许所有学生在周末到图书馆学习。5.Be supposed to do sth. 应该做

18、某事例句: You are supposed to have done all the cleaning job before breakfast。你应该在早餐前就把清洁工作做好。6.Would like/want (sb.) to do sth. 想要做某事例句:will you come to the dinner party？-Id love to but I have to take care of my younger sisiter.你会参加今晚的餐会吗？-我很愿意去，可是我还要照顾幼小的妹妹。7.Have sth/nothing to do 与有关/与无关例句:This project totally have nothing to do with that company。这个工程和那家公司一点关系都没有。is adj+to do sth例句:I find it difficult to live without a pet. 我发现没有宠物的生活很难过。9.Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事例句:I prefer to go outside rather than staying at home. 我宁愿出去玩也不愿意待在家。学科网（北京）股份有限公司