读后续写之伏笔和铺垫 讲义-高三英语二轮复习写作专项.docx

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1、第三节 伏笔与铺垫对于创作者而言，“挖坑”和“填坑”是创作的一大乐趣。而且就像完形填空题型中的“复现”一样，文章中重要的细节本来就会反复出现，反复被强调。对于读者来说，读到一个之前出现过的细节，会在脑中自动脑补过往的画面，甚至会有沧海桑田、往事如烟的恢索感。对于题型面言读后续写要求续写内容和所给短文是一脉相承的，那么最好的方式就是呼应所给短文中的细节。抓住可以呼应的细节，可以帮助我们打开思路，而且有些时候，前文的细节对续写部分会起到限定作用，忽略了重要的细节，很可能导致“故事续写”变成前后矛盾的“续写事故”。例1 “千斤顶”【2021八省联考】所给短文部分情节：一次我的车在半路抛错了，在路边求

2、助了近三个小时无果，正打算放弃时一个墨西哥家庭帮助了我，我硬塞给了他们20美元表达感谢。.The two of us were dirty and sweaty. His wife prepared a pot of water for us to wash our hands. I tried to put a $20 bill in the mans hand, but he wouldnt take it, so instead I went up to the truck and gave it to his wife as quietly as I could. I asked th

3、e little girl where they lived. Mexico, she said. They were in Oregon so Mommy and Daddy could work on a fruit farm for the next few weeks. Then they would go home.Paragraph 1: When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked if Id had lunch.Paragraph 2: After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened

4、 the paper bag.根据第一个段首句“当我正要说再见时，女孩问我是否吃过午饭”，以及第二个段首句“他们走后，我上了吉普车，打开了纸袋”可推知，“纸袋里是午饭”，但如果只设计此情节，虽然上下衔接也算顺畅，但是就会比较平淡。如果我们能把握“20美元”这个细节，让女孩用纸袋给我午餐的同时把20美元还给我，那么就能进一步突出这个墨西哥家庭助人为乐，不求回报的品质，并且使得续写部分和前文的细节形成呼应，让整个故事更加紧密扎实。例2 “南瓜套头”【2021浙江卷】This year, it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen b

5、y my 14-year-old brother.Jason, was the winner. Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, butI was determined to prove my point. All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, with my mom filming the annual event. Im unsure now why I thought forcing my head inside the

6、 pumpkin would settle the matter, but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time.Paragraph 1: It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer.Paragraph 2: The video was posted the Monday before Halloween.在2021年1月浙江卷的读后续写题中，所给短文中其实提到了“我们在忙碌的时候，妈妈在拍摄记录这一年度活动”，这就解释了第二个段首句中“The video”的出处。而如果没有注意到

7、这个细节，那么就有可能会失误，会设置其他人来拍摄视频，导致“续写事故”例3 “荒野求生” 【2016浙江卷】As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter. Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above. A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yell

8、ow blouse, thinking that she should go to an open area and flag them if they came back again.在2016年浙江卷的读后续写题中，主人公Jane第一次发现有直升机时，是由于“树木遮挡，使人们无法从上面看到她”面错过获救机会。这个细节抛出了一个问题，帮助我们构思“如何解决这个问题”。这个部分将在第二章的第三节微情节之“解决矛盾”中详细展开。例4 “妈妈罢工”【2020,山东省济南市高三第一次模拟考试】短文说到小男孩Arthur喜欢乱丢东西，而根据正能量结局的要求，结局应该是Arthur把这个毛病改掉了。且注

9、意前文有一个细节：Arthur赤脚踩到了自己乱丢的玩具火车。When it was time for bed, Arthur said good night to Mom and turned to go upstairs. Arthur stepped right on his toy train in his bare feet. “Ouch!” cried Arthur. “That really hurts!”那么就可以在续写部分，呼应这一细节，让他“不用担心还会伤着脚”：It only took a minute for him to put the toy away, and no

10、w he wouldnt have to worry about hurting his feet again.例5 “舞蹈比赛”【2020江苏省涟水中学高二下学期段测】文章的主人公Mary,之前因出车祸而受伤，她特别想要通过一场比赛重新证明自己。Linda是她的竞争对手，但是临近比赛，Linda把配乐磁带弄丢了。这篇文章可以通过“主动交还磁带”突出“诚信”的正能量主题，所以Mary是可以输掉比赛的。且注意Mary在排练的时候有一个细节：她决定练习一下最难的那个转体动作，其中spin还是一个带下划线的关键词。After Jessica left, Mary decided to practic

11、e her most difficult spin. “If I dont try harder, I wont grasp this chance.” She thought. But her arm began to hurt, making her worried. “Mary, what makes you think you have a chance tonight?” she said to herself. After the pain was gone, she continued to warm up.因此，我们可以把“高难度转体动作”设计到续写的情节中：But the s

12、erious pain in her arm made the most difficult spin fail.与前文呼应的同时，也能够交代比赛失利的原因，一举两得。例6 “买铃寻亲”【2021广东省深圳市外国语学校高三第一次月考】文章讲述Pappy的店里有一个祖传的珍贵门铃。有一个小女孩想买这个门铃送给自己的祖父。我们从前文可以找到一些细节：“Well, lets see,” Pappy said, “who is this present for?”“My grandpa. Its for my grandpa. But I dont know what to get.”Pappy be

13、gan to make suggestions. “How about a pocket watch? Its in good condition.” The little girl didnt answer. She had walked to the doorway and put her small hand on the door. She shook the door gently to ring the bell. Pappys face seemed to glow as he saw her smiling with excitement.“This is just right

14、,” the little girl said. “Momma says grandpa loves music.”Just then, Pappys expression changed. Fearful of breaking the little girls heart, he told her, “Im sorry, Missy. Thats not for sale. Maybe your grandpa would like this little radio.”The girl looked at the radio, bowed her head, and sadly sigh

15、ed, “No, I dont think so.”In an effort to help her understand, Pappy told her that the bell had been his only companion, for the rest of his family were all gone now, except for his estranged(疏远的) daughter whom he had not seen for nearly a decade.文章中提到“小女孩买铃铛是送给自己的祖父的”，“小女孩的妈妈说祖父喜欢音乐”，“Pappy现在孤身一人，只有一个将近十年未见的已经疏远了的女儿”。通过上述这些细节，我们可以大胆推测：小女孩的祖父就是Pappy。这样就可以很好地把文章的前后情节串联起来，而且给后文的续写指出了可能的正能量结局。学科网（北京）股份有限公司