高三英语二轮复习语法之虚拟语气讲解及考题专练.docx

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1、高中英语语法之虚拟语气讲解及考题专练虚拟语气讲解虚拟语气主要有与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反的虚拟，以及几种特殊情况，should、wish等虚拟语气。1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：If + did / were + ., . would/ should/ could/ might + do (动词原形)If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesnt know it now.)2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：If + had

2、 done + ., . would (might) have done .If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you. (I didnt know your telephone number.)If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her. (You didnt come here earlier.)3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：(1) If + should + v., . would + v. (

3、可能性很小)(译作“万一”)If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.If I should fail, what should Ido?(2) If + did / were to + v ., would + v. (完全不可能)If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.虚拟语气的十大句型一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这

4、种情况下要用虚拟语气。1条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：句型1：If主语过去时，主语should(could,would,或might)动词原形(1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.(2)Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.2条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为：句型2：If主语had过去分词，主语should（could,would,或might）have过去分词(3)Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.(4)IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefa

5、iledintheexamlastterm.3条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为：句型3：If主语过去时/should动词原形/wereto动词原形，主语should(could,would,或might)动词原形(5)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.(6)IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(7)Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注意问题：1If条件句中绝对不可以出现would。2根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟

6、”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型。如：(8)Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnowandyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryearstime.3条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装。例如：(9)Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.(10)WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(

7、11)Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：句型4：主语（should）动词原形(12)MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedat9oclock.（宾语从句）(13)Itwasrequiredthatthecrops(should)beharvestedatonce.（主语从句）(14)Itissurprisingthatsheshouldntpassthemathexam.（主语从句）(15)Thesuggestionthathe

8、(should)beinvitedwasrejected.（同位语从句）(16)Theirdemandisthattheirwages(should)beincreased.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不可以出现would,must,could等。三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：句型5：wish后的宾语从句与现在愿望不一致：主语过去时；与过去愿望不一致：主语had过去分词/couldhave过去分词；与未来愿望不一致：主语would/could动词原形。如；(17)IwishIwereyou.(18)IwishIhadvisitedtheWhiteHousewhenIwasi

9、ntheStates.(19)IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.句型6：Itstime句型（当Itstime后用that从句时应该为“主语should动词原形”或“主语过去时”）(20)Itstimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.句型7：Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish宾语从句”(21)Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了。(22)IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。句型8：wouldrather,asif（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过

10、去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时。(23)Idratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(24)Idratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.(25)Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.(26)AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.句型9：without,but,butfor,butthat,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着虚拟条件。(27)Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.(28)Butforyourcooperatio

11、n,wewouldnthavedonetheworksowell.(29)Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(30)Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butIambusynow.(31)Ishouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasbusy.(32)Iambusynow;otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!句型10：Ifitwerenotfor./Ifithadntbeenfor.(要不是因为)，其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。(33)Ifitwerenotforhishelp,

12、Iwouldntgohomenow.(34)Ifithadntbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersontheboardwouldnthavebeensaved.英语虚拟语气考题专练1.Mr Li required the computer equipment referred_used in every classroom.A.should beB.have to beC.to beD.to being2.Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country.Who is Yang Liwei?Wha

13、t a question! It is surprising_the first spaceman in China.A.you didnt know our national heroB.to you not to know himC. you should know nothing aboutD.you knew nothing about him3.What courses are you going to do next term?I dont know. But its about time_on something.A.Id decideB.I decidedC.I decideD

14、.Im deciding4.One of the requirements for the fire is that the material_to its burning temperature.A.is heatedB.will be heatedC.would be heaterD.be heated5.Robert wishes that he_business instead of history when he was in university.A.studiesB.studiedC.has studiedD.had studied6.My demand is that the

15、information referred to in my report_to Mr. Brown without delay.A.to be e-mailedB.e-mailedC.be e-mailedD.being e-mailed7.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he_to the meeting.A.would comeB.cameC.would have comeD.had come8.Without electricity human life_quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would ha

16、ve beenD.would be9.If he had not gone out in the storm, he_alive now.A will beB.would beC.would have beenD.is10.If only I_how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A.had knownB.would knowC.should knowD.knew11.But for the party, he_of hunger fifteen years ago.A.would have diedB.would dieC.must

17、have diedD.must die12.I would have come earlier, but I_that you were waiting for me.A.didnt knowB.hadnt knowC. would have knownD.havent known13.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students_two weeks to prepare for the exam.A.giveB.should giveC.be givenD.would be given14.Wang Ling, one of m

18、y friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he_an Englishman.A.wereB.would beC.have beenD.had been15.We_our lives had it not been for the policeman.A.would have lostB.should loseC.might loseD.had lost16._more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A.If the captain wereB.Had the captai

19、n beenC.Should the captain beD.If the captain would have been17.Were it not for the snowy weather, we_all right.A.wouldbeB.would have beenC.wereD.may be18.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt

20、 have fallenB.had not fallenC. should fallD.were to fall19.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he_a goal.A.had scoredB.scoredC.would scoreD.would have scored20.How I wish every family_a large house with a beautiful garden!A.hasB.hadC.will haveD.had had答案解析1.C. 因为在表示“要求”的requ

21、ire, request, ask, demand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”，句中referred to是过去分词短语，作the computer equipment的定语，所以选C。2.C. 因为在it is surprising后的that从句中，谓语要用“should +动词原形”，其中should含“竟然”之意，不可省略。3.B. 因为Its (high /about) time后面的从句的谓语动词通常用过去时态。4.D. 因为requirement后的表语从句的谓语要用“(should +)动词原形”；material(材料)与heat(加热)是被动关

22、系，用被动语态，所以是be heated。5.D. 因为wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用过去式，此题的study business是与过去事实相反的情况，所以用had studied business。6.C. 因为主语是demand时，其后的表语从句的谓语要用“(should +)动词原形”。7.C. 因为句中otherwise (否则)表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以用would have done。8.D. 因为介词短语without表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以用would be。9.B.由had not gone可知，条件句是与过去事实相反的情况，而now提示我们，主句是与现在事实

23、相反的情况，所以用would be。10.D. 因为if only (要是就要了) 其后的句子要用过去式表示虚拟语气，由as you do可知，是与现在事实相反，所以选knew。11.A. 因为but for (要不是因为、如果没有) 通常要与虚拟语气连用，由fifteen years ago可知，这是与过去事实相反的情况，所以选would have died。12.A. 因为would come earlier是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，而后面分句表示的是事实：当时我的确不知道所以用一般过去时，选A。13.C. 因为that从句是suggestion的同位语，应当用“(should+) 动词

24、原形”表示虚拟语气，又因the students与give是被动关系，所以选be given。14.A. 因为Wang Ling是中国人的名字，显然不是英国人，所以as if从句的谓语要用与现在事实相反的情况，所以用were。15.A. 因为had it not been for the policeman = if it had not been for the policeman (如果没有警察) ，显然是与过去事实相反的情况，主句中的谓语应是would have lost。16.B. 因为由主句谓语可判断，表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语应用过去完成时，Had the

25、 captain been = If the captain had been。17.A.由于从句谓语为一般过去时，表示的是对现在的虚拟，故主句谓语用过去将来时，表示。Were it not for the snowy weather=If it were not for the snowy weather.18.B。这是个错综时间虚拟条件句：主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为“如果我不是在七岁时就迷上了Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想象我如今会在做什么”。19.D。本题考查目标与1996上海同。由otherwise和hesitated可知，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用 would+ have+ 过去分词构成。20.B。wish 后面宾语从句的谓语总是用过去时态。此题是表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时。句意为“我多么希望每个家庭都有座有一个漂亮花园的大房子啊！”学科网（北京）股份有限公司