高考英语语法非谓语动词分析讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法非谓语动词分析及巩固练习1定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。2动词不定式：to 动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to ）。（没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化）1 一般式：主动语态：to do , 被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)2 进行式：主动语态：to be doing , 被动语态：无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)3 完成式

2、：主动语态：to have +动词过去分词，被动语态：to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)4 用法：A 作主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy . = Its not easy to learn a foreign language .B 作表语：The most important thing is to finish the work on time .C 作宾语：a. 动词to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, h

3、ope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford )b. 动词疑问词to do I dont know where to put the bike .c. 动词形式宾语(it)宾补to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .D 作补语：a. 动词宾语to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourag

4、e)b. 动词宾语不带to的动词 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let)E 作状语：a. 表示目的：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .b. 表示结果：He is too tired to walk any farther . They arent old enough to go to school .c. 表示原因：He is s

5、orry to hear that . I am glad to see you .F作定语： I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .5 动词不定式to 的省略：A 在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。I often saw him go out of the room .- He was often seen to go out of the room by me .B在had b

6、etter, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。6 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to do ，有时也可以用never + to do 结构。3动名词：动词原形ing 。具有名词、动词一些特征。1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词（表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)2 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 （表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）Children enjoy watching animated cartoon

7、 . I dont remember having ever seen the film .3 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词（v-ing） I regret not being able to help you .4 用法：A 作主语：a. 动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式主语it代替。Learning English is very important .- Its very important to learn English .b. No + 动名词表示禁止。No smoking, No parking .B 作宾语：He finished doing his homework

8、.C 作表语：His favourite sport is playing basketball .D 作定语：shopping basket, finishing line . （表明名词的用途、功能等）E 动名词的复合结构：名词所有格、形容词物主代词动名词。Do you mind my / Wei Fangs opening the window ?4分词：动词原形ing 。具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。（可分为现在分词、过去分词）现在分词1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词（表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)2 完成式：主动语态：hav

9、ing +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 （表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）3 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词（v-ing） No understanding the meaning of the words, he couldnt explain the sentence .4 用法：A 作表语。The result is surprising .B 作定语。Developing country (主谓关系) sleeping boy (boy 所做的动作)C 作状语。Passing by the house, he saw a girl

10、 playing the piano . = when he was passing by the house , he saw a girl playing the piano .D 作宾补。I found him lying on the grass.过去分词1 形式：规则动词ed，和不规则动词的过去分词。2 过去分词的否定形式：not + 动词过去分词。3 用法：A 作表语：My bike is broken . He is very worried .B 作定语：developed country, fallen leaves, spoken English .C 作状语：Asked

11、why he was absent, he said he was ill . = When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill .D 作宾补：You had better have your shoes mended . I had my hair cut yesterday .英语非谓语动词考点训练（附详解）1. Anyone _ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carr

12、y D. saw carrying2. _ on time, this medicine will be quite effective. A. Taking B. Being taken C. Taken D. Having taken 3. The film star walked to his car, _ a crowd of journalists. A. followed by B. following by C. to follow D. to be followed by 4. “Which sweater is yours?” “The one _ No. 9. ” A. t

13、hat marked B. was marked with C. which marked D. marked with 5. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known 6. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wher

14、ever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. being suffered 7. Who would you like to see at the moment? The man _ Mr Grant. A. called himself B. we call him C. calling himself D. is called 8. _ around Tianan men Square, the tourists were taken to visit the Palace Museum. A. Showing B

15、. Having shown C. being shown D. Having been shown 9. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 10. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying

16、 D. to say 11. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 12. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _. A. to correct B. correcti

17、ng C. having corrected D. being corrected 13. Friendship is like money; easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept 14.Look at that little boy _ aboutperhaps hes lost his mother. A. wander B. wandering C. to be wandering D. being wandering 15. There were lots of people _, and not one of them offered to help. A. standing watching B. standing to watch C. stood watching D. stood to watch学科网（北京）股份有限公司