Unit4 Grammmar and usage预习清单-高一英语牛津译林版(2020) 必修第二册.docx

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1、1.can和could能表示能力。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去具有某种能力。翻译为：_My brother can speak four foreign languages.Sophia could read when she was four years old.注意：can表示“能够”时与be able to同义，但can只有过去式could，而be able to有各种时态。可以表示许可。此时could不是can的过去式，could比can表示的说话语气更委婉，翻译为：_You can have a piece of cake after youve eaten your v

2、egetables!Could I have a drink of water, please? 可能表示可能性。此时could不是can的过去式，它表示推测的可能性比can小。翻译_Can he still be alive after all this time? If youre not careful, you could get into even worse trouble. Exercises1.Jack _ swim when he was born.2.Jack couldnt swim when he was born,but he _ swim really fast n

3、ow.3.My aunt _jump high. She was the best.可以2.may和might表示许可或征求对方许可。翻译为：_You may / might use my bicycle so long as you return it before 12:00.可能I can t eat; may / might I have a little milk?表示可能性。might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。翻译为：_He may / might get here in time, but I cant be sure. Exercises1).You _ well

4、 be right.2).The teacher says we _ leave when weve finished.3.will和would将会表示意愿。will表示现在的意愿将做的事，有时可用于条件句中。would表示过去的意愿将做的事。翻译为：_I will help her if she asks us to. Ask, if you will, who the owner is. My friend asked if I would go with him. 可以吗？表示征求意见或提出请求。will与would均可用于主语是第二人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见或提出请求，此时would

5、并不表示过去，而表示委婉语气。翻译为：_Im cold. Will / Would you shut the window, please? Certainly.-Will you marry me? -Yes.4.shall的用法shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一、三人称，意为“要不要”。Shall we go out and have a walk after dinner?Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?shall还可用于主语是第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示决心、允诺、警告、命令、威胁、规定或义务等。Tell her that she

6、 shall have the bike tomorrow.You shall be punished if you break the rule.Exercises1)It is too late,_we begin our meeting?2)Its sunny and hot today.They _ put some sun cream on.3)Its a great film.You _ go and see it.5.should及ought to 的用法应该should和ought to 都表示义务或责任、建议或劝告、推断等, 但 ought to语气更强烈。翻译为：_We s

7、hould/ought to take good care of our children.You shouldnt/oughtnt to leave a baby alone in the house.I wonder whats happened to Annie. She should/ought to be here by now.should还可以表示惊讶、失望、遗憾等情感，此时意为“竟会”。Its strange that Jane should be late. Shes usually on time.必须6.must 及have tomust可表示“必须做某事”，比较主观。翻

8、译为：_ I must go to the bank to get some money.must还可表语气很强的推测。must表示推测时用于肯定句中，意为“肯定，一定”，He must be Toms father. 否定句或疑问句中要用cant，意为“不可能，一定不是”。 He cant be Toms father. Where is Tran Nguyen from? I know thats a Vietnamese name. He must be from Vietnam. Youve just had lunch. You cant be hungry. have to 指的是

9、客观条件下被迫“不得不去做某事”，不是出于本身意愿。有一般现在时和过去时。Its going to rain, I have to go.He had to make his own living after his parents died. must表示“偏要，非要.不可”。常用于疑问句和条件句中，偶尔也用于陈述句中。If you must go ,at least wait the storm is over.Exercises:1.Everybody _obey the traffic rules. 2.Oh, its too late. Sorry, I_go.must have d

10、one7.情态动词+have+done1. _表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 could have doneIt must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 2. _是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意为“本能做但没做”。should have doneHe could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.shouldnt have done3. _意为“本该做但没做” 。 _意为“本不该做但做了”。can t/couldn t have d

11、one Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 4._ 意为“过去不可能做某事”needn t have done I didn t see her in the meeting. She couldn t have spoken at the meeting. may/might+have done 5. _ 意为“本不必做某事, 却做了” I neednt have taken the umbrella,for the weather is fine.6. _ 表示对不太把握的过去情况的可能性推测，表示“可能/大概已经做了某事”。 Tom may have gone to Shanghai, but Im still not sure about it. 3学科网（北京）股份有限公司