翻译讲义-高三英语二轮复习.docx

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1、一、 专题知识梳理知识点1： 考情分析翻译是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中的汉译英多为简单句或简单的复合句，所考核的词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。知识点2：考查重难点词汇短语：高中教材中的常用词汇和短语句型结构：状语从句和名词性从句定语从句特殊句式考查强调句或倒装句知识点3：真题考点解读a.非谓语动词 看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)Seeing Grandma a little sleepy, he drew the curtains a

2、nd turned the TV down. 舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate) My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18th birthday. b.定语从句 在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)At the exhibition, the companys sales manager demonstrated the new (type of) electronic toys (which/

3、 that) children were looking forward to. 演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar)The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties. c.状语从句 自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。 (No longer)No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / edu

4、cation. 她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner) No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization. d.形容词比较级 我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。（asas） I think your advice is as valuable as theirs. 经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as.a

5、s)After years of / years construction, the little town is now as lively as it was before the earthquake / it used to be before the earthquake.二、 专题过关1、她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play) She began to play the violin five years ago.2、由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing) Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple o

6、f hours.3、你为什么不在网上订票? (Why) Why not / Why dont you book tickets online / reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet?4、我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。(mistake) I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar / very much alike.5、对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。 (compare) As for parents, nothing

7、 can be compared with their childrens physical and mental health.三学法提炼1、学会在真题中总结重要考点，对于平时的练习会起到事半功倍的指导作用。2、从“核心词用法、句子主干和句型”三个方面对句子有个整体把握，避免逐字翻译引起的低级错误。1. 进了大学我才意识到自己以前是多么依赖父母。（ Not.）【主要考点】not until的用法【正确答案】Not until I entered the university did I realize how much I had depended on my parents before.

8、【易错分析】学生容易忽视not until的特殊用法，not until有三种用法：1. not until的基本结构，即not主句+until+从句；2.not until在强调句中的运用，即it is/was not until+从句+that+主句；3.not until在倒装句中的运用，即Not until+从句+倒装的主句。根据这句话的结构应该用not until的倒装结构【教学建议】老师可以请学生分析下not until的各种用法，然后再给学生讲解not until的用法区别，让学生理解这道题的解题方法的同时也巩固not until的其他用法。2. 尽管社会发展了，我们还是很难要求

9、同工同酬。（Despite）【主要考点】despite的用法，以及同工同酬的英汉转换。【正确答案】Despite the development of society, it is still difficult for us to demand equal pay for equal work.【易错分析】学生容易在表达了despite的同时在后半句加上表示转折关系的词，与此同时，同工同酬的英语翻译也可能让学生易犯错。【教学建议】老师可以请学生翻译一些类似于表示让步关系的句子，从而让学生更好地掌握这种类似的表达，同时老师可以适当地给学生拓展一些类似于同工同酬的英语表达。3 那所私立学校规定学

10、生不可以将手机带入校园，这令学生们感到郁闷。(it)【主要考点】It的用法，以及非限制性定语从句【正确答案】The private school made it a rule that mobiles phones mustnt be taken to campus, which made students feel upset/depressed 【易错分析】学生可能在翻译私立学校规定学生。时不会想到在此处用The private school made it a rule that.，即用it作形式宾语，而后半句应用which引导非限制性定语从句，来代替前半句的内容。【教学建议】老师可以拓

11、展讲解it的用法，同时复习一下定语从句的部分知识，让学生熟练地掌握所学知识点。4、很明显他不愿谈论那次经历。（reluctant）【主要考点】It 作形式主语引导的从句及reluctant关键词的用法【正确答案】It is obvious that he is reluctant to talk about the experience.【易错分析】 学生不清楚 be reluctant to do 的用法及对于使用从句的意识不够强。【教学建议】 梳理高考重点词汇的用法及翻译常用句型。5、虽然我禁不住钦佩她的勇气，但是我并不赞同她解决问题的方式。（favor）【主要考点】It 作形式主语引导的

12、从句及favor关键词的用法【正确答案】Although I couldnt help admiring her courage, I was not in favour of the way she solved the problem. 【易错分析】 学生不清楚 be reluctant to do 的用法及对于使用从句的意识不够强。【教学建议】 reluctant 可以使用谐音记忆“驴拉坦克”肯定是不情愿的。6、由于缺乏经验，他未被那家公司录用。（employ）【主要考点】动词时态，语态【正确答案】For (a/the) lack of experience, he wasnt empl

13、oyed by that company/firm.【易错分析】学生易用现在时态；同时对于lack的词性及用法也是一个易错点【教学建议】老师可让学生自己分析下自己的句子，看句子的时态，语态及连贯性如何，如果考生对于所给词的用法掌握的不全面，老师可以加以补充拓展。7、如今，许多农村学生也能在校园里上网了。（access）【主要考点】词组have access to 的搭配及用法【正确答案】Nowadays, many students in rural areas/in the country can also gain/get/have access to the Internet.【易错分析

14、】很多学生以为这里access是作为动词的用法；还有就是have access to 后面可直接接名词，不需要加Ving.【教学建议】除了该动词短语的用法，老师也可将其形容词accessible的意义及用法告知学生，并让学生使用be accessible to 这一短语来组合句子。8、这是他第三次参观那个保存完好的历史遗址了。（preserve）【主要考点】高考常见句型It is the first/second/thirdtime that (现在完成时)的用法；动词preserve在本句中的用法【正确答案】This is the third time that he has visited

15、 the well-preserved historical site.【易错分析】学生通常以为本句是发生过的，应该用过去式；同时对于保存完好的这一表达不能巧妙用well-preserved作为前置定语修饰中心词。【教学建议】老师可以给学生梳理一下it作为形式主语构成的常考句型或句式的用法；让学生总结一下现在完成时出现的句式结构9、我认为我们将所学的应用到实践中是很有必要的。 （apply）【主要考点】it作为形式宾语的用法；动词短语apply to的用法【正确答案】I consider it necessary/essential for us to apply what we have l

16、earned to practice.【易错分析】句型I consider/believe/think/supposeit +adj+to do, it 学生不仔细的话会在it后面添加is【教学建议】关于it作为形式主语及形式宾语的句型给学生总结一下，并提醒孩子当it作为形式宾语且形容词为essential, necessary, important, possible等时后面的that从句要用虚拟语气10、多和你的父母沟通吧，这样你们就能更好的理解对方。（communicate）【主要考点】祈使句+and/or +句子的用法【正确答案】Communicate with your parent

17、s more, and you will be able to understand each other better.【易错分析】学生很容易用动名词作主语而造成后面句子不知如何衔接【教学建议】多给学生总结一下该重点句型四学法提炼-夺分四部曲1、依托核心词，搭建主干。2、确定时态、语态和句型。3、补充修饰成分，完成整句。4、对照中文，检查细节。能力培养能力一： 常用四字成语翻译挨家挨户：from door to door爱不释手：cant bear putting it down/leaving it aside安于现状：be satisfied with reality/present s

18、ituation彼此埋怨：be to blame each other 不得而知：remain unknown不辞而别：leave without saying good-bye不可估量：beyond measure不甚感激：appreciate it very much一筹莫展/不知所措：at a loss彻夜未眠：be awake all night催人泪下：people are moved to tears寸步难行：can do nothing without.大为惊叹：be greatly amazed/impressed 毫不费力：have no difficulty/trouble

19、(in) doing sth毫无疑问/勿庸置疑：there is no doubt that 后悔莫及：regret doing加强合作：strengthen/enhance ones cooperation坚守岗位: keep to ones post困难重重：have great difficulty in doing sth屡见不鲜：appear so frequently旗鼓相当/势均力敌：be equal to sb. in sth.齐心协力：with combined efforts/work cooperatively/work with joint efforts千载难逢：a

20、rare/golden chance三言两语：in a few words 受用一生：sb. benefit from sth/sth benefit sb. All your life一无所知：be ignorant of 引人入胜：attractive 有求必应：be always ready to help与世隔绝：be isolated from the outside world志同道合：have a common goal/similar ideals and beliefs纯属偶然：by chance合情合理：fair and reasonable 不遗余力：spare no e

21、ffort若无其事：as if nothing had happened首屈一指：second to none身临其境：feel on the scene同甘共苦：share happiness and sorrows无与伦比：beyond comparison兴高采烈：be in high spirits 一事无成：accomplish/achieve nothing 振奋人心：inspire people with hope团队精神：team spirit话音刚落：stop talking金科玉律: golden rule搬弄是非: gossip about重蹈覆辙: repeating

22、the same mistakes不谋而合: happen to抢得先机: take the initiative吹毛求疵: find fault with/be particular about实况转播: a live broadcast头脑灵活: have a quick mind四面八方: in all directions代代相传: pass on from generation to generation面无表情: wear a blank look每况愈下: go from bad to worse问心无愧: have a good/clear conscience问心有愧: ha

23、ve a bad/guilty conscience赞不绝口: beyond all praises赞赏有加: pay a compliment to sb. on sth.斟词酌句: weigh ones words玩忽职守: neglect ones duty充耳不闻: turn a deaf ear to视而不见: turn a blind eye to充耳不闻/置若罔闻: turn a deaf ear to 能力二： 四字成语在句子中的运用1. 令人难以置信，那家银行在光天化日之下遭到抢劫。(rob)考点： 令人难以置信 Its incredible / unbelievable t

24、hat 遭到抢劫be robbed在光天化日之下in broad daylightIt is incredible that the bank was robbed in broad daylight.2. 那小女孩真是被惯得不像话，父母对她百依百顺。(spoil)考点：被惯得不像话be terribly / badly spoiled对某人百依百顺give sb whatever / everything he / she asks forThe little girl is terribly spoiled by her parents and they always give her w

25、hatever she asks for.3. 老师在毕业典礼上的一席话使学生们受益匪浅。(benefit)考点：在毕业典礼上at the graduating ceremony 老师的一席话what the teacher said使学生们受益匪浅benefit the students a lotWhat the teachers said at the graduating ceremony benefited the students a lot.The students benefited a lot from what the teachers said at the gradua

26、ting ceremony.4. 他梦想有朝一日能亲眼看到海上日出。(dream)考点：有朝一日some day / one day梦想能亲眼看到海上日出dream of seeing the sun rising above the sea with ones own eyesHe dreams of seeing the sun rising above the sea with his own eyes some day / one day.5. 阅读习惯因人而异。(vary)Reading habits vary from person to person.6. 他们两兴趣相投，但思维

27、方式却大相径庭。(differ)考点：兴趣相投share the same interest 大相径庭 totally differ in sth思维方式way of thinkingThey share the same interest but totally differ in ways of thinking. 7. 缺乏合作使他们错失良机。(cost)考点：使他们错失良机cost them a good opportunity 缺乏合作lack of cooperationLack of cooperation cost them a good opportunity.8. 他忍受不

28、了与喋喋不休的人合作。(stand)考点：忍受不了与某人合作cant stand cooperating with sb 喋喋不休的人those who never stop chatting/ talking those who chat / talk without stopHe cant stand cooperating with those who never stop chatting / talking.9. 树大招风。(the more)The bigger the tree is, the more wind it will catch. 10. 是向老师承认错误还是掩盖事实

29、，他举棋不定。(decision) 考点：向老师承认错误 admit his mistakes to his teacher/confess his mistakes to his teacher 掩盖事实hide / conceal the facts 举棋不定cant make a decision whether to do sth He cant make a decision whether to admit his mistakes to his teacher or to hide the facts. 能力检测1. 应该教会孩子自力更生。（own）2. 碰到这种情况，你按下任何

30、键都无济于事。(situation)3. 由于轻敌，他莫名其妙输给了对手。(reason)4. 你听过王子对农家女一见钟情的故事吗？(sight)5. 轮到她作自我介绍时，她紧张得不知所措。(turn)6. 同学们在班会课上各抒己见，提出了许多节约资源的建议。(advice)7. 这部国产喜剧老少皆宜。(appeal)8. 她不负众望，在演讲比赛中夺得第一名。(come)9. 既然她不愿意和你们去远足，就不要强人所难了。(join)10. 在如何处理废旧电池问题上我们俩的观点不谋而合。(happen)答案：1、Children should be taught to live on their

31、 own.2、In such a situation, its no use your pressing any key.3、Taking his opponent lightly, he lost for unknown reason.4、Have you heard about a story that a prince falls in love with a country girl?5、When it was her turn to introduce herself, she was so nervous that she was at a loss.6、At the class

32、meeting all the classmates expressed their own opinions and gave much advice about saving resources.7、The domestic comedy appeals to everyone, old or young.8、She lived up to everyones expectation and came out first in the speech contest.9、Since she is not willing to join you in hiking, youd better n

33、ot force her.10、We both happened to hold the same opinion about how to deal with the used batteries.学法提升高分三原则1、信：清晰准确（从整体上把握句子结构，抓住主谓宾）e.g. 是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥,委员们意见不一。 (agree) The committee cant agree on whether to build another bridge over Huangpu River.【解析】要先从整体上分析句子结构，找到主语是“委员们”，因此“是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥”是宾语从句

34、，很多同学会错当成主语从句。2、达：通畅明白（避免生涩翻译，用简单的词和短语）e.g. 我发现很难和那些固执己见的人合作。 (it) I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.【解析】“固执己见”stubborn这个词不易想到，而且容易拼错，可以用“always stick to ones opinion”替代。3、雅：简明优雅（避免从句繁复，多使用形容词、介词短语或分词结构）e.g. 这款手机的式样新颖，携带方便，深受年轻人的欢迎。 (popular) The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with the young people.【解析】“款式新颖，携带方便”不用翻译成“whose style is fashionable and it is convenient to carry”，这样会显得从句繁复；可以直接替代为“fashionable in style and convenient to carry”简洁明了。学科网（北京）股份有限公司