高考英语语法：过去完成时语法讲义.docx

《高考英语语法：过去完成时语法讲义.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语语法：过去完成时语法讲义.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高中英语语法：过去完成时语法讲义一、构成方法由had加动词的过去分词构成。二、用法说明表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。如：She said she had never been to Paris.她说她从未去过巴黎。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。注意：过去完成时是一种相对时态，一定要有

2、一个作参照的过去时间或过去动作作比较，否则，就不能用过去完成时。但下列3种情况虽然有是先后发生的两个过去动词，却同用一般过去时：1.先后发生的一系列动作，但并不强调先后时，最后两个动词用then，and，but等连接。如：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin.星期六下午，格林夫人去了市场，买了些香蕉，然后去看望了她的表姐。2.两个动作是紧接着发生的，可用一般过去时。如：When I heard the news, I was very exc

3、ited.我听到那个消息时，非常高兴。3.叙述历史事实，可用一般过去时。如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.我们老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。跟现在完成时一样，也常与how long, for three days, before等表示一段时间的状语连用。如：When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到来时，他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个

4、小时了。表示未曾实现的希望或打算。表示希望或打算的动词，如hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示未曾实现的希望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。如：I had hoped to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so.我本来希望寄给他一张圣诞卡的，但我忘了寄了。I had intended to come over to see you last night，but someone called and I co

5、uldnt get away.昨晚我本想去看你的，但有人来了我走不开。用于下列4个特殊句型中：1.hardlywhen, no soonerthan2.It/ That /This was the first time that3.It was+时间段+since4.than sb. had thought /expected /hoped /wanted等。Hardly had I opened the door when he told me.我刚开开门，他就告诉了我。He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了

6、。It was the second time he had been out with her.这是他第二次和她一道出去。It was more than a year now since he had seen her.他上次见她以来已经一年多了。We arrived earlier than we had expected.我们到得比预料的早。过去完成时考点详说1.过去完成时的基本用法过去完成时与现在完成时相似，也有“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法，所不同的是，过去完成时将时间推移到过去某一时间之前，即所谓的“过去的过去”。具体地说，它既可表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，也可表示从一个

7、较早的过去持续一个较迟的过去的动作：He had left when I arrived.当我到达时他已经离开。By six oclock he had worked twelve hours.到6点钟时他就已工作了12小时。2.如何正确运用过去完成时正确运用过去完成时最重要的是要正确理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对时间，即它相对于一个过去时间而言，并在其过去。这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过一定的时间副词(状语)体现出来，有时则可能是通过一定的上下文来体现：I found the watch which I had lost.我找到了我丢失的表。The house was qui

8、et. Everybody had gone to bed.屋子里很安静，大家都睡觉了。Was Jack at the office? No, hed gone home. “杰克在办公室吗?”“不在，回家了。”【注】有些通常与现在完成时连用的词语，由于在一定的语境中，谓语动作移到了“过去的过去”，也应用过去完成时。比较：We havent seen each other since we left Paris.自从离开巴黎后我们一直没见过面。I saw Mr Smith last Sunday. We hadnt seen each other since we left Paris.上周星

9、期天我见到史密斯先生了，自从离开巴黎后我们还一直没见过面。3.表示过去未曾实现的想法过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词是want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose等：I had meant to come, but something happened.我本想来，但有事就没有来。I had intended to speak, but time did not permit.我本想发言，但时间不允许。We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you di

10、dnt.我们本想你来看我们的，但你没有来。过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经

11、学会了1000 个英语单词。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arr

12、ived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before ，after ，

13、as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.过去完成时的被动语态有几种形式过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态，句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：(1)肯定结构：主语

14、+ had been done +其他成分(2)否定结构：主语+ had not been done +其他成分(3)疑问句结构：had +主语+ been done +其他成分;疑问词+ had +主语+ been done +其他成分过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teache

15、r came.How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?(2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。The said the production costs had been reduced.The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.T

16、he media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.He did what he had been told to另：当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。When he arrived, he called her.They locked the door before they left.学科网（北京）股份有限公司