高考英语语法形容词和副词用法讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法形容词和副词用法及专题训练形容词和副词的英语知识点1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时;表语形容词作定语时;修饰复合不定代词时。3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。4. 考查副词在句中的位置规律副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被

2、修饰的形容词或副词的后面。5. 考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为(某人)感到;-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为(某事物)令人或令人的(事物)。形容词、副词比较级的用法英语中的形容词和副词的原形称为原级，表示“比较”、“最”时，要用比较级和最高级。如：long longer longest 原级 比较级 最高级1The black pen is very long. 黑色的钢笔很长。2The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。3The red pen is the longest of the

3、three. 红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。一、形容词、副词比较级的用法表示两者间的比较用比较级。其常见句式有：1“A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B” 意思为“A比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。注意：在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。 如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite，too,quite等词一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。2“beco

4、me + 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级” 是“变得越来越”的意思，and连接同一个形容词的比较级。如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。注：表示“越来越”时，若比较级是“原级+ er”构成的，则常用“比较级+ and + 比较级”形式； 若比较级是“more + 原级”构成的，需用“more and more + 原级形式”。如：Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供

5、选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?英语形容词和副词的区分方法1、概念不同形容词(Adjective)，很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。副词(Adverb 简称adv.)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词。2、用法不同形容词主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。3、词性不同形容词后可跟名词做定语，用在系动词后做表语副词不能修饰名词，它修饰动词做状语，有些副词可修饰形容词形容

6、词是英语语法中一个不可或缺的部分。形容词与副词专项训练1.Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too.A.easilyB.very easyC.more easilyD.easier2.My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve.A.feeling wellB.feeling goodC.feel wellD.feel good3.He began to take political scie

7、nce _ only when he left school.A.strictlyB.trulyC.carefullyD.seriously4.The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only _ beaten.A.nearlyB.slightlyC.narrowlyD.lightly5.The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _.A.earlyB.earlierC.earliestD.the e

8、arliest6.Do you need any help, Lucy?Yes, The job is _ I could do myself.A.less thanB.more thanC.no more thanD.not more than7.There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”A.someB.muchC.moreD.most8.With April 18s railway speedup, highway and

9、air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.the best9.The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well10.After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding o

10、f the disease.A.veryB.farC.fairlyD.quite11.Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one.A.better-known B.well-knownC.best-knownD.most-known12.Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book.A.cheapestB.cheaperC.more expensiveD.most expensive13.I w

11、onder why Mary is so unfriendly to us.She is _ than unfriendly, Im afraid.A.shyerB.much shyerC.shy moreD.more shy14.I didnt do well in this English examination. How about you?I did _ you.A.not better thanB.no worse thanC.as well asD.no better than15.Now that you like the house with a garden, why not

12、 buy it?Well, I cant afford _ house at present.A.that expensive aB.a such expensiveC.that an expensiveD.a so expensive16.Do you regret paying ten dollars for that book?No, I would gladly have paid _.A.as twice manyB.twice as manyC.twice as muchD.as twice much17.Im leaving on April 30.So why not come

13、 to spend _ days with me?A.all these last fewB.these all last fewC.these last all fewD.all last these few18.Be careful not to drop the Ming Dynasty vase.Yes, we cant be _.A.too carefulB.very carefulC.too carelessD.careless enough19.Hes not got another job yet and its not _ he will for some time.A.li

14、kelyB.easilyC.nearlyD.lonely20.We do meet now and then, but not _.A.freelyB.commonlyC.regularlyD.presently21.You dont have to be angry with him. He _ wanted to know the truth.A.almostB.mostlyC.merelyD.hardly22.Are you pleased with what he has done?It couldnt be_. Why didnt he put more effort into hi

15、s work?A.any worseB.much betterC.so badD.the best23.He moved away from his parents and missed them _enjoy the exciting life in China.A.too much toB.very much to C.enough toD.much so as to24.Is your headache getting _?No, its worse.A.betterB.badC.lessD.well25.Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, a

16、nd I have not seen _ this year.A.the bestB.betterC.the mostD.more【答案与解析】1.C。根据题意可知，说话者是将when people do it together和when people dont do it together这两种情况比较，故选比较级。注意不要选D，因为在此题是要用副词修饰动词，不能用形容词。另外，根据句末的higher too也可知道此题是考查比较级。2.D。首先，根据连系动词后要接形容词作表语这一特点，可排除A和C。另外，使役动词make后可接动词原形（不带to的不定式）或过去分词作宾语补足语，但不能接现在

17、分词，故可排除选项B。3.D。take sth seriously的意思是“认真对待某事”“认真考虑某事”。4.C。副词narrowly在此表示“勉强地”，又如：He narrowly escaped being run over.他差点儿被车压死。The proposal to change the ruleswas narrowlydefeated by 201 votes to 196.建议改变规则的提议以196票对201票的微弱差额被否决了。本题句意：篮球赛的最后比分是93比94。我们以微弱的劣势输掉了比赛。5.B。因题目把这组新学生与前面一组学生进行比较，故用比较级。6.B。注意句中

18、的Yes，由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗？”作了肯定回答，说明答话者独自完成工作有困难，故填more than。7.C。由于是将“Love me, love my dog”与“Love me, love my book”进行比较，故用比较级。此题的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现than，而是给出两个待比较的proverb。8.B。句子大意为：由于铁路提速了，所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“高速公路和航空”与“铁路”比较，故用比较级。9.B。题目中将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较，故用比较级。句意为：史密斯家人晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。1

19、0.B。这四个副词中，通常只有far可用于修饰比较。注：quite有时也可用于修饰比较better，但它只用于表示“身体康复”，不用于其他意义。11.C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级。12.B。因是两者比较，故用比较级，可将答案锁定在B和C之间；再根据句意，排除C。13.D。此题考查morethan的用法，其意为“与其说不如说”。14.D。句中的no better than相当于as badly as，其意为“一样不好”。15.A。that在用作副词，用法相当于so，意为“如此，这么”。16.C。在asas结构中，表示倍数的词或程度副词都放在第一个as之前。17.A。语序

20、：不定代词+指示代词+序数词+基数词。18.A。此题考查cant be too + adj，其意为“无论也不为过”。19.A。因为likely是形容词，意为“可能的”，在句中作表语。easily和nearly是副词；虽然lonely(寂寞的)是形容词，但其意义与句意不通。20.C。因为只有regularly(经常地)才与now and then(偶尔)相对。21.C。merely在此表示“只是”，其他选项意义不通。22.A。因为It couldnt be any worse.意为“(他的工作做得)非常差”，与后文内容相符。23.A。因为tooto do sth. (太以至于不能做)是固定搭配。24.A。由答语No, its worse.可知问句中用better。25.B。后面省略了than he did，意为“我今年还没看到比他跑得更好成绩的人”。学科网（北京）股份有限公司