中考英语语法之直接引语与间接引语讲义.docx

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1、初中英语语法之直接引语与间接引语精讲语法总结：直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词1） 时态变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might2） 时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, thefollowingday, this-that3） 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。4） 直接宾语/间接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语

2、直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。He gives me a book.（me间接宾语，a book直接宾语）直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for：主语及物动词直接宾语介词间接宾语Give me a book. = Give the book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.

3、英语答疑时间：Structure 结构People said _ the puma.a. to have seen b. to see c. they sawd. they had seen我是凭语感选的d，但是究竟为什么应该选这个呢？这是一个间接引语，即引述或转述别人的话。比如：He said, I am very sorry.（直接引语）He said that he was very sorry.（间接引语）间接引语其实大多是宾语从句，由that引导，that可以省略。在间接引语中有时态的转化：主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化：直接引

4、语间接引语一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时这句话其实就是省略了that的间接引语，完整形式为：People said that they had seen the puma.因为从句必须是完整的句子，要有谓语，a和b都为不定式（非谓语），所以先排除掉。c和d主要是时态的问题。人们说他们已经看到了美洲狮，强调的是对现在的影响，用现在完成时。因为主句中动词为said（过去式），所以间接引语中时态要相应的变为过去完成时，所以选择d。直接引语和间接引语之间的转换一、把下列句子变成间接引语：1.Mary often

5、says, “I want to be a doctor when I grow up.”Mary often says that she wants to be a doctor when she grows up.2.Mr Smith said, “John is a good student.”Mr Smith said that John was a good student.3.“We will come here again tonight,” the students said to the teacher.The students told the teacher that t

6、hey would go there again that night.4.He said,“I repaired the watch yesterday.”He said that he had repaired the watch the day before.”5.“I havent heard from my parents these days,” he said.He said that he hadnt heard from his parents those days.6.The children said,“Well be back tomorrow.”The childre

7、n said that they would be back the next day.”7.Bob said to Mary,“I saw the film two days ago.”Bob told Mary that he had seen the film two days before.8.The teacher said,“Can you hear me, children?”The teacher asked the children if they could hear him.9.“Were going to study in the USA next month,”the

8、y said.They said that they were going to study in the USA the next month.10.“Im checking your homework now,”his mother said.His mother said that she was checking his homework then.11.“The earth goes around the sun,”the teacher said.The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.12.“I canfinis

9、hit in half an hour,”the worker said to me.The worker told me he could finish it in half an hour.13.“Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” he asked me.He asked me if I would go to the stationwith him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.14.“Do you remember wh

10、at your uncle told you last night?” Li Pings father asked him.Li Pings father asked him if he remembered what his uncle told him the night before.15.“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked.The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.16.“Please wait for me at the gate of the Summer

11、Palace at two tomorrow afternoon,”Kate said to her friend.Kate asked her friend to wait for her at the gate of the Summer Palace at two the next afternoon.17.“Are you feeling better today?” the doctor asked my sister.The doctor asked my sister if she was feeling better that day.18.He said to me,“Whe

12、re did you go last week?”He asked me where had I had gone the week before.19.He said,“I joined the English Club in 2007.”He said that he joined the English Club in 2007.20.John said to me,“Where will you go this Sunday?”Johnasked me where I would go that Sunday.21.She said,“I will come this evening.

13、”She said that she would go that evening.22.“Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Kates mother asked her.Kates mother asked her if she had finished her homework before she watched TV.二、把下列句子变成直接引语：1.He said he knew nothing about Tom.He said,“I know nothing about Tom.”2.Tom asked Ma

14、ry if she would watch his CD-ROMs that day.Tom said to Mary,“Will you watch my CD-ROMs today?”3.Toms mother asked him why he has made so many mistakes in his homework that time.Toms mother said to him,“Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework this time?”Toms mother asked,“Tom, Why have yo

15、u made so many mistakes in your homework this time?”4.They said they had studied English for three years.They said,“We have studied English for three years.”5.He told me there would be a basketball match that afternoon.He said to me,“There will be a basketball match this afternoon.”6.Uncle Wang aske

16、d me where my fatherhad beenand what he had been doing all those days.Uncle Wang asked me,“Where has your father been and what has he been doing all these days?”7.He said he had seen the film that day.He said,“I saw the film yesterday.”8.He said he had finished the work that day.He said,“I have fini

17、shed the work today.”9.He told his little son to go inside and not come out until the rain had stopped.He told his little son,“Go inside and dont come out until the rain has stopped.”10.The conductor asked Zhang Hong where she was going to get off.The conductor said to Zhang Hong,“Where are you goin

18、g to get off ?”11.He asked whether they would go with him.He asked,“Will you go with me?”12.Mr White asked me to give his wife a message when she returned from the library.Mr White said to me,“Please give my wife a message when she returns from the library.”13.A asked the teacher whether Gauss was b

19、orn in 1777.A asked the teacher,“Was Gauss born in 1777？”14.The old worker told us not to forget the past.The old worker sad to us,“Dont forget the past.”15.He asked me Why Eidsons teacher said that he wasnt bright and wasnt worth teaching.He asked me,“Why did Eidsons teacher said that he wasnt brig

20、ht and wasnt worth teaching?”16.He asked me what else I wanted him to do.He asked me,“what else do you want me to do？”17.She asked Xiao Wang if that kind of telephone was made in Guangzhou.She asked Xiao Wang,“Is this kind telephone made inGuangzhou?”18.He asked me how many times I had been to my ho

21、me town since 2000.He asked me,“How many times have you been to your home town since 2000?”19.I asked one of the boys if there were any mistakes in his homework.I asked one of the boys,“Are there any mistakes in your homework?”20.She told me shehad seena letter on my desk the day before.“I saw a letter on your desk yesterday,”she said to me.21.The guard said that he would not let him in if he had no pass.The guard said,“I will not let you in if you have no pass.”学科网（北京）股份有限公司