Unit 1 Light, camera, action! Grammar and Usage 讲义-高中英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第二册.docx

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1、主谓一致主谓一致指:句子的主语与谓语动词在人称和数方面的一致关系，该关系大致遵循三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。一、语法一致原则：指主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。1.主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式; 主语为复数名词时，谓语动词也用复数形式。如: The food they served on the table was delicious.2.由连接词and或both.and.连接起来的合成主语后面要用复数形式的谓语动词。如: Both Tommy and Jackie are football fans. 注意:如果and所连接的两个词在意义上指同一个人、

2、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如: The writer and scientist(这个作家兼科学家) was highly praised for his achievements. The writer and the scientist (作家和科学家)were highly praised for his achievements.3. 动名词短语、动词不定式短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如: Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.4. 当主语后面跟有as well as、with、along with、toge

3、ther with、including、rather than、but、except、in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数一致。如: Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has been invited to attend the party.二、意义一致原则:指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语的单复数意义。1.表示度量时间、金额、路程等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式;但是在强调其复数意义时，谓语动词也可用复数形式。如:Forty thousand dollars was a lar

4、ge sum of money for me at that time.Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month.2. 当主语是由all of、most of、some of、half of、apart of、the rest of等接名词或代词时，或由“分数/百分数+名词或代词”构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词或代词的单复数形式。如: Most of the students show great interest in classical literature.Eighty percent of th

5、e work has been finished.3. 集体名词army、audience、club、family、crowd、class等作主语时，如果将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式:如果强调其每个个体成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。如: The target audience for this advertisement is mainly teenagers.The class are all listening to the teacher attentively.4. police、people、cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如: The police are

6、 searching the woods for the missing children.At least 40 people were killed in the explosion.注意: people意为“民族”时是可数名词,有单数和复数形式。如: Over thousands of years, peoples from Central Asia came to settle here.5. 表示国家、机构事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如: The United Nations plays an important role in the internation

7、al affairs.One Thousand and One Nights(一千零一夜) tells people lots of mysterious stories.注意:群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词，如Niagara Falls（尼亚加拉瀑布）等作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。6. 主语由. kind(s)，sort(s)，type(s) of +名词”构成，谓语动词单复数形式与kind、sort、type的形式保持数的一致。如: Various types of fruit are available in the shop.A kind of rose in the garden

8、smells very pleasant.7. 成双成套的复数名词如glasses、scissors、shoes 、trousers 、pants 、gloves 、stockings等作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数;但如果复数名词前面有a/the pair of、a/the suit of等词语修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。如: The trousers are slightly too short for him.This pair of shoes my mum bought for me as a gift is worm out.8. news、physics（物理）、mathematic

9、s（数学）、politics（政治）等名词形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，它们作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如: The latest news is that he won the Academy Award.三、就近一致原则: 指谓语动词与靠近的主语保持人称和数的一致的原则（就近原则）。1. ether.or; neither . nor ; not only.but also.; not.but.等连接的并列名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近谓语动词的名词，即“就近原则”。如:Not only Tom but also all his family are keen on fo

10、otball.Either the guides or the team leader is looking after the students.2.在There be结构中,谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。如:There is a book and several pens on the desk.There are several books and a pen on the desk.四、其他情况1. each, every,no所修饰的名词即使以and连接多个主语谓语动词仍用单数形式。如: Every boy and every girl wishes to at

11、tend the Christmas party.2. more than one或many a(许多的)修饰名词，意义上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如: More than one boy likes playing basketball while many a girl is good at playing volleyball.注意:more+复数名词+than one之后的谓语动词用复数形式。如: More students than one have seen this film.3. 主语由the+形容词或者分词组成时，表示一类人，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如: The injured（受伤的人） are being treated in the hospital.4.在定语从句中，关系代词that、who、which在定语从句中充当主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与修饰的先行词的单复数形式保持一致。He is the only one of the applicants who has passed the interview.学科网（北京）股份有限公司