高考英语语法考试之情态动词用法归纳讲义.docx

《高考英语语法考试之情态动词用法归纳讲义.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语语法考试之情态动词用法归纳讲义.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高中英语语法考试之情态动词用法归纳情态动词的概念：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。几组词的辨析：1、need和dare的用法：need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。（1）用作情态动词：如：Need I come? 我需要来吗？Yes, you must. 需要。You neednt telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。I dont think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一

2、个人出去。How dare you say Im unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提这件事。（2）用作实义动词：如：You dont need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。The table needs painting(to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。He did not

3、 dare(to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。I dare day hell come again. 我想他会再来的。2、can和be able to：（1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。如：Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。（2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而waswere able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。如：He

4、 could swim across the English Channel. But he didnt feel like it that day.他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。3、must和have to：must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。如：I told her that she must give up sm

5、oking. 我叫她必须戒烟。We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。4、would和used to：（1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。如：People used to think that the earth was flat. 过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。）She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有

6、散步的习惯。）（2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。如：He used towould smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。情态动词的基本用法：1、can(could)：1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。如：Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。如：The te

7、mperature can fall to60, that is 60 below freezing. 气温可降至-60，也就是零下60。He cant(couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。3）表示允许。如：Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？He asked wh

8、ether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。如：Where can(could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？He cant(couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。如：Can(Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？Im afraid we c

9、ouldnt give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。2、may(might)：1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。如：You may take what ever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May(Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式：如：Yes, please./Certai

10、nly. /Please dont./Youd better not./No, you mustnt.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。如：He may be at home. 他可能在家。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。如：They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3、must：

11、1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。如：We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。You mustnt talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。Must we hand in our exercise-books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？No, you neednt./No, you dont have to.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustnt）2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。如：He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸

12、色苍白。如：Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot o fmoney. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。4、shall：1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。如：Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。如：You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令

13、）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）如：Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5、will：1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。如：I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。None is so blind as those who wont see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。If

14、you will read the book, Ill lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句。如：Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wont you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。The door wont open. 这门打不开。The boy will sit there hour after hour lookin

15、g at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。6、should：1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。如：You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldnt waste anytime. 你不应该浪费时间。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。如：The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。They should be

16、 home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。7、would：1）表意愿。如：They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。如：Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？They wouldnt have anythi

17、ng against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。如：Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。8、ought to：1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。如：You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。如：Han

18、Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。Theres a fine sun set; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。9、used to：表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。如：He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. 他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corne

19、r, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。I usednt (didnt use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。Used you(Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？情态动词的其他用法：首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形：句：I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。情态动词是一种本身有

20、一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。如：We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词知识体系：情态动词表推测的三种句式：1、在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may（可能），might/could（也许，或许）。如：He must/may/might know the answer t

21、o this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。2、否定句中用cant/couldnt (不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。如：It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长，他去美国了He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。3、疑问句中用ca

22、n/could(能?)。如：Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。情态动词表推测的三种时态：1、对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+动词原形”。如：She must/may/might/could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。She must/may/might/could walk miles and mile

23、s among the hills without meeting anyone.她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。2、对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+be”，“情态动词+bedoing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。如：He must/may/might/could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。He cant(couldnt)/may(might) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。Mr. Bush is on time for everything

24、. How can(could) he be late for the opening ceremony?布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？3、对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。如：It must/may/might/ could have rained last night. The ground is wet. 地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。The door was locked. He can(could) not/may(might) not have been at home. 门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。Can/Could he have g

25、otten the book？难道他找到书了吗？注：情态动词should/ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应”但与“have+过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。如：Its seven oclock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）She should/ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital.（虚拟）她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。Tom should not/ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.（虚拟）汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。学科网（北京）股份有限公司