大学英语四阅读理解与英译汉练习.pdf

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1、阅读理解与英译汉练习Exercise OnePart I Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:In order to learn to be ones true self,it is necessary to obtain a wide andextensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world;critically to inquireinto it;carefully to consider

2、 it;clearly to analyze it;and earnestly to carry it out.It matters not what you learn,but when you once learn a thing,you must nevergive it up until you have mastered it.It matters not what you inquire into,but whenyou once inquire into a thing,you must never give it up until you have thoroughlyunde

3、rstood it.It matters not what you try to think of,but when you once try to thinkof a thing,you must never give it up until you have got what you want.It matters notwhat you try to carry out,but when you once try to carry out a thing,you must nevergive it up until you have done it thoroughly and well

4、.If another man succeeds by one effort,you will use a hundred efforts.If anotherman succeeds by ten efforts,you will use a thousand.句子译文：要想了解真实的自我，有必要深入广泛地了解前人说过的话，做过的事。1.According to the author,first of all one must .A.analyze B.inquire C.obtain knowledge D.act答案：C2.When you try to do something,wha

5、t matter is .A.not to care too much about it B.to act immediatelyC.to think carefully before you do it D.to carry it through to the end答案：D3.T he end of learning should be .A.thought B.mastery C.inquiry D.analysis答案：B4.According to the author,another mans success should .A.spur us on to greater effo

6、rts B.not be taken into considerationC.make us nervous D.cause one to stop trying答案：A5.T he author implies but does not say that .A.the way to knowledge is through specializationB.one has to know everything to be successfulC.success depends not so much on natural ability as it does no effortD.succes

7、s in ones profession is least important in ones life答案：CPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most destructive forces knownto man:since records began to be written down,it has been estimated that earthquakerelated fatalities hav

8、e numbered in the millions,and that earthquake relateddestruction has been beyond calculation.T he greater part of such damage and loss oflife has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rock slides,floods,fire,disease,tsunamis(gigantic sea waves),and other observable events resulting f

9、romearthquakes,rather than from the quakes themselves.T he great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas.Onesuch area covers the Pacific Ocean and its bordering landmasses.T he other extendsfrom the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains,including the Himalayas,Iran,T urkey,an

10、d the Alpine regions.It is in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of allearthquakes take place;they may,however,happen anywhere at any time.T his element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread andhorror surrounding earthquakes,but in recent times there have been i

11、ndications thatearthquake forecast may be possible.By analyzing changes in animal behavior,patterns of movements in the earths shell,variations in the earths force of attraction,and the frequency with which minor earth shakes are observed,scientists have shownincreasing success in expecting when and

12、 where earthquakes will strike.As a result,aworldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped toprepare for(and thus lessen)the vast destruction that might otherwise have beentotally unexpected.It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid of

13、theirdestructiveness altogether,but as how and why earthquakes happen become betterunderstood,man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damagebefore they occur.句子译文：数百年来，地震的不可知性给地震蒙上了极大恐惧和惊慌，但最近有迹象表明地震预报是可能的。6.Most destruction brought about by earthquakes is the results of the f

14、ollowingEXCEPTA.the collapsing of buildings and the fire it causesB.the floods and huge sea waves resulting from earthquakesC.the disease that often follows earthquakesD.the panic brought about by earthquakes答案：D7.“T his element of the unknown(Para.3)refers to the fact that .A.earthquake-relate dest

15、ruction has been beyond calculationB.millions of people have died during earthquakesC.earthquakes may occur anywhere at any timeD.there are other phenomena resulting from earthquakes答案：C8.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.Some of the natural phenomena are similarly destru

16、ctive as earthquakes.B.A worldwide earthquake warning network has not been put into use.C.It seems possible now for scientists to predict when and where earthquakes willoccur.D.Most earthquakes take place on some specific areas of the earth.答案：B9.T he author believes that the prediction of earthquak

17、es .A.should be more accurate in future B.is of some helpC.is as a matter of fact impossible D.is really reliable答案：B10.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author is chiefly interestedin.A.controlling earthquakesB.making earthquakes harmlessC.getting prepared and handling the possibl

18、e destruction beforehandD.having a better understanding of earthquakes答案：CPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:T he accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy ofthe scientists timekeeping methods.For this reason,scientists are interested ind

19、evices that give premise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision,scientists have turned to atomic clocks that dependon various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their“ticking”.T his is possiblebecause each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration.T

20、 he nitrogen（氮）atom in ammonia（氨），for example,vibrates or“ticks 24 billiontimes a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than asecond in 3,000 years.It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomicalobservation and long-range navigation.T he heart o

21、f this Atomichron（原子计时器）is a cesium（冷 色）atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to thetemperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to checkthe accuracy of predictions based on Einsteins relativity theory,according to which aclock i

22、n motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently.Placed in an orbitingsatellite moving at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour,the clock could broadcast its timereading to a ground station,where they would be compared with the readings on asimilar model.Whatever differences developed would be ch

23、ecked against thedifferences predicted.句子译文：科学观察和计算机的精确度常取决于科学家的计时方法。11.T he passage says that the accuracy of scientific observation depends on .A.methods of measurement B.timekeeping methodsC.basic assumptions D.earlier experiments答案：B12.Scientists expect that atomic clock will be.A.more precise B

24、.absolutely accurateC.more durable D.indestructible答案：A13.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as to the usage of atomicclock?A.Scientific research B.Astronomical observationC.T o check Einsteins relativity theory D.Long range navigation答案：A14.Which of the following is implied but

25、not stated?A.Precise timekeeping is essential in science.B.Scientists expect to disprove Einsteins relativity theories.C.Atomic clocks will be important in space flight.D.T he rate of vibration of an atom never varies.答案：C15.An appropriate title for this passage would be.A.A Peacetime Use of the Ato

26、m B.Atoms and MoleculesC.T he Satellite T imekeepers D.T he Role of the Clock答案：APassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:In communities north of Denver,residents are pitching in to help teachers andadministrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a$13.8 million budge

27、tshortage blamed on mismanagement.Were worried about our teachers andprincipals,and we really dont want to lose them because of this,“one parent said.Ifwe can help ease their financial burden,weT eachers are grateful,but know it may be years before the district is solvent（有偿付能力的，不负债的）.T hey feel rea

28、lly good about the parent support,but theyrealize its impossible for them to solve this problem.T he 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month.Itsextraordinary.Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at thislevel,“said State T reasurer Mike Coffman.Coffman and distr

29、ict officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeingup a$9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll（工资单）to be met for 2,700 teachersand staff in time for the holidays.District officials also took$1.7 million from student-activity accounts of 38schools.At Coffmans request,the District Atto

30、rney has begun investigating thedistricts finances.Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid thebudget shortage until after the November election,when voters approved a$212million bond issue for schools.In Frederick,sludents parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pa

31、yfor groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.Some$36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway.A Chevroletdealership donated$10,000 and forgave the districts$10,750 bill for renting thedriver educating cars.IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper.“We employ

32、thousands of people in this community,said Mitch Carson,ahospital chief executive,who helped raise funds.4tWe have children in the school,andwe see how they could be affected.At Creek High School,three students started a website that displays newspaperarticles,district information and an email forum

33、（论坛）。“Rumors about whatshappening to the district are moving atlighting speed,“said a student.We wanted toknow the truth,and spread that around instead.”句子译文：1 ）在Frederick地区，学生家长们出资购买教室用品，并主动为学校第一年的教师和校长们支付所需各类杂货及水电费，以此留住他们继续工作。2）关于地区财务事件的谣言正在以闪电般速度传播着，我们想知道真相，并且传播真相。16.What has happened to the Vrai

34、n School District?A.A huge financial problem has arisen.B.Many schools there are mismanaged.C.Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.D.Many administrative personnel have been laid off.答案：A17.How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?A.T hey felt

35、 somewhat helpless about it.B.T hey accused those responsible for it.C.T hey pooled their efforts to help solve it.D.T hey demanded a thorough investigation.答案：C18.In the view of State T reasurer Mike Coffman,the educational budget shortage isA.unavoidable B.unthinkable C.insolvable D.irreversible答案

36、：B19.Why did Coffman request an investigation?A.T o see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.B.T o find out the extent of the consequences of the case.C.T o make sure that the school principals were innocent.D.T o stop the voters approving the$212 million bond issue.答案：A20.T hree high s

37、chool students started a website in order to.A.attract greater public attention to their needsB.appeal to the public for contributions and donationsC.expose officials who neglected their dutiesD.keep people properly informed of the crisis答案：DExercise TwoPart I Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Questions

38、 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Very high waves are destructive when they strike the land.Fortunately,thisseldom happens.One reason is that out at sea,waves moving in one direction almostalways run into waves moving in a different direction.T he two sets of waves tend tocancel each other

39、out.Another reason is that water is shallower near the shore.As awave gets closer to land,the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.But the power of waves striking the shore can still be very great.During a wintergale,waves sometimes strike the shore with the force of 6,000 pounds for each square

40、foot.T hat means a wave,25 feet high and 500 feet along its face,may strike the shorewith a force of 75 million pounds.Yet the waves,no matter how big or how violent,affect only the surface of thesea.During the most raging storms,the water a hundred fathoms(600 feet)beneaththe surface is just as cal

41、m as on a day without a breath of wind.句子译文：然而，不管海浪多大，多猛烈，只对海面造成影响。1.According to the passage,destruction caused by high waves o c c u r s.A.regularly B.rarely C.always D.predictably答案：B2.We know from this passage that out at sea,when waves going in oppositedirections meet,their f or c e.A.causes gr

42、eat damage B.extends to the ocean floorC.is liable to lessen D.increase rapidly答案：C3.It is clear from the passage that coastal d e p t h.A.is the only factor influencing the strength of high wavesB.influences the power of high wavesC.has no influence upon the strength of very high wavesD.is irreleva

43、nt to the question of the power of high waves答案：B4.From the second paragraph of the passage we know that the power of very highwaves striking the shore is.A.constant B.equalized C.variable D.perpetual答案：C5.From your reading of the passage,which of the following is true?A.At a depth of 1200 feet the

44、effects of a violent surface storm are frightful.B.A submarine commander navigating his vessel at a depth of 700 feet will not beaffected by a raging surface storm.C.A typhoon 500 miles out at sea can stir up the ocean floor.D.If high waves can strike the shore with a horizontal force of 75 million

45、pounds,the vertical force of such waves can have an even greater effect upon the oceanfloor.答案：BPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:In Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the firsthalf of the twentieth century.T oday,a large number of familie

46、s in Great Britain buyfurniture,household goods and cars by installments.In the U.S.,the figure is muchhigher han in Great Britain,and people there spend ever 10 percent of their incomeon the installment plan.T he price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price thatwould b

47、e paid by cash.T here is a charge for interest.T he buyer pays one quarter orone third of the price as a down payment when the goods are delivered to him.Hethen makes regular payments,weekly or monthly,until the full price is paid up.T helegal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the

48、 final payment has beenmade.Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages.It can help couples withsmall incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping.It increases the demandfor goods,and in this way helps business and employment.T here is,however,thedanger that when business is bad,ins

49、tallment buying may end suddenly,makingbusiness much worse.T his may result in a great increase in unemployment.If thepeople on the installment plan lose their jobs,they will probably not be able to maketheir payments.If gi*eat numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts,there is a

50、 possibility that businessmen cannot collect their debts and will thereforelose money.If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit,itbecomes more likely to have a depression.T his is why,in some countries,thegovernment controls the installment plan by fixing the amount of the down